医学专业英语前后缀及词根讲课稿.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。医学专业英语前后缀及词根-a-无，缺anemia贫血atonia无张力asymptomatic无症状的amenorrhea闭经ab-分离abduct外展abscision切除acou(acu)-听觉acumeter听力计acouophone助听器acro-肢端acromegaly肢端肥大症acromastitis乳头炎ad(af,an)-邻近，向上adrenal肾上腺adaxial近轴的annexa附件-ad侧ventrad向腹侧cephalad向头侧adeno-腺adenocyte腺细胞adenoid

2、ism腺体病adipo-脂肪adiposis肥胖症adiponecrosis脂肪坏死adreno-肾上腺adrenocorticoid肾上腺皮质激素adrenalin肾上腺素adrenal肾上腺-aemia(emia)血症bacteremia菌血症leukemia白血病-albi(albino)-白色albumin白蛋白albinism白化病-algesia痛觉hypoalgesia痛觉减退-algia痛arthralgia关节痛cephalgia头痛neuralgia神经痛alkali-碱alkalosis碱中毒alveo-牙槽，小沟alveolitis牙槽炎alveobronchiolit

3、is支气管肺泡炎ambi-复，双ambiopia复视ambivert双重性格ambly-弱amblyopia弱视amblyaphia触觉迟钝amylo-淀粉amyloidosis淀粉酶amylase淀粉酶angio-血管angiography血管造影术angioedema血管性水肿angeitis脉管炎angiofibroma血管纤维瘤ante-前antenatal出生前的anteflexion前屈antero-前anterolateral前侧壁anteroventral前腹侧anti-抗，反antibiotics抗生素antihypertensives降压药anticoagulant抗凝剂r

4、archno-蛛网膜arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎archo-肛门，直肠archorrhagia肛门出血archosyrinx直肠灌注器arterio-动脉arteriospasm动脉痉挛arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arthro-关节arthrocentesis关节穿刺arthrotomy关节切开术arthritis关节炎-ase酶oxidase氧化酶proteinase蛋白酶-asthenia无力myasthenia肌无力neurasthenia神经衰弱audio(audito)-听力audiology听觉学audiometer听力计auto-自己autoimmune自身免疫

5、autohemotherapy自体血疗法bacilli-杆菌bacillosis杆菌病bacilluria杆菌尿医学全在.线提供bacterio-细菌bacteriology细菌学bactericide杀菌剂baro-压力barometer压力计baroreceptor压力感受器bary-迟钝barylalia言语不清baryacusia听觉迟钝bi-双bicuspid二尖瓣bilateral两侧的bili-胆汁bilirubin胆红素bio-生命biology生物学biopsy活检-blast母细胞spermatoblast精子细胞melanoblast成黑色素细胞osteoblast成骨细

6、胞brachy-短brachypnea气短brachydactylia短指畸形brady-迟缓bradycardia心动过缓bradypsychia精神不振broncho-支气管bronchoscopy支气管镜检查bronchiostenosis支气管痉挛bronchitis支气管炎bronchiolo-细支气管bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张calci-钙calcification钙化calcicosilicosis钙沉着症carbo-碳carbohydrate碳水化合物carbohaemia碳酸血症carcino-癌carcinogen致癌物cardio-心，贲门cardiot

7、onics强心剂cardioplasty贲门成形术-cele疝，肿物omphalocele脐疝hysterocele子宫脱垂ophthalmocele眼球突出celio-腹celialgia腹痛celioscopy腹腔镜检查-centesis穿刺arthrocentesis关节穿刺术abdominocentesis腹穿cephalo-头cephaloxia斜颈cephalopathy头部疾病cephalotomy穿颅术cerebello-小脑cerebellitis小脑炎cerebellum小脑cerebro-大脑cerebritis大脑炎cerebrology脑学chemo-化学chemot

8、herapy化疗chloro-绿，氯chloroform氯仿chloromycetin氯霉素chlorophyll叶绿素cholangio-胆道cholangitis胆管炎cholangiectasis胆管扩张cholo-胆cholagogue利胆剂cholelithiasis胆石症cholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇chondro-软骨chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤chondrification骨软化chromo-色素cytochrome细胞色素chromosome染色体-cide杀剂germicide杀菌剂aborticide堕胎药circum-周围circu

9、moral口周的circumcision包皮环切术coagulo-凝固coagulant凝血剂colo-结肠colotomy结肠切开术coloptosis结肠下垂colpo(coleo)-阴道coleospastia阴道痉挛colposcope阴道镜contra-反，逆contraindication禁忌证contraceptive避孕药counter-反，逆counteragent拮抗剂conuterpoison解毒剂cranio-颅craniomalacia颅骨软化cranioclasis碎颅术-cyst-囊cystomy膀胱切开术dacryocyst泪囊-cyte-细胞lymphocyt

10、e淋巴细胞cytolysis细胞溶解de-除去detoxication解毒dento牙dentistry牙科学dentalgia牙痛-derm-皮肤epiderm表皮dermatology皮肤病学dermoplasty皮肤成形术dextro-右dextrocardia右位心dexiotropic右旋的dis-分离discission分离术disinfection消毒法duodeno-十二指肠duodenitis十二指肠炎duodenostomy十二指肠造口术-dynia痛acrodynia肢体痛urethrodynia尿道痛dys-异常dysfunction功能不良dyshormonism内分

11、泌障碍dysuria排尿困难医学全在线-ectasis扩张gastroectasis胃扩张aerenterectasia肠胀气bronchiectasia支气管扩张-ectomy切除术appendectomy阑尾切除术lipectomy脂肪切除术-edema水肿encephaledema脑水肿myxedema粘液性水肿-emesia呕hematemesia呕血helminthemesia吐虫encephalo-脑encephaloma脑瘤encephaledema脑水肿endo-内endocarditis心内膜炎endoscope内窥镜entero-肠enteritis肠炎enteroviru

12、s肠病毒epi-上，外epigastrium上腹部erythro-红erythromycin红霉素erythroderma红皮病esophago-食管esophagoscope食管镜esophagitis食管炎extra-外extracellular细胞外的extrasystole额外收缩facio-面facioplegia面瘫facioplasty面部成形术-fast耐acid-fast抗酸的uviofast耐紫外线febri-热febricula低热febrifacient致热的feti-胎儿feticulture妊娠期卫生fetometry胎儿测量法fibro-纤维fibroblast成

13、纤维细胞fibrosis纤维化fore-前forebrain前脑forehead前额-form形状oviform卵形的granuliform颗粒状的fungi-真菌，霉菌fungicide杀真菌剂fungistasis制霉菌作用gastro-胃gastroptosis胃下垂gastroenteritis胃肠炎gastroscopy胃镜检查gastratrophy胃萎缩-gen原，剂glycogen糖原pathogen病原体androgen雄激素Estrogen雌激素-genic性cardiogenic心源性的allergenic变应反应giganto-巨大gigantocyte巨红细胞giga

14、ntism巨大症gingivo-牙龈gingivitis牙龈炎gingivostomatitis牙龈口腔炎glosso-舌glossoplegia舌瘫痪gluco-糖glucoprotein糖蛋白glucocorticoid糖皮质激素glyco-糖glycogen糖原glycouria糖尿-grade级，度centigrade摄氏温度计retrograde逆行性-gram克，图microgram微克electroencephalogram脑电图-graph(y)仪（法）electrocardiogram心电图bronchography支气管造影术gyneco-妇女gynecology妇科学gy

15、necopathy妇科病hemo(hemato)-血hemoglobin血红蛋白hematoma血肿hemi-半hemiplegia偏瘫hemicrania偏头病hepato-肝hepatitis肝炎hepatocirrhosis肝硬化hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大hidro-汗hyperhidrosis多汗症anhidrosis无汗症histo-组织histology组织学histomorphology组织形态学holo-全holonarcosis全麻holoenzyme全酶homo-同homotype同型homologue同系物homoplasty同种移植术hydro-水hy

16、dropericardium心包积水hydrolysis水解hypr-高hypercalcemia高钙血症hyperthyroidism甲亢hypno-睡眼hypnotics安眠药hypnotherapy催眠疗法hypo-低hypotension低血压hypoglycemia低血糖hystero-子宫hysterospasm子宫痉挛hysteroptosis子宫下垂-ia病melancholia忧郁症pyrexia发热-iatrics医学pediatrics儿科学geriatrics老年病学-iatry医学psychiatry精神病学pediatry儿科学immuno-免疫immunoglob

17、ulin免疫球蛋白immunotherapy免疫疗法infra-下infraorbital眶下的infrared红外线inter-间intervertebral椎间的intercellular细胞间的intra-内intravenous静脉内的intracranial颅内的intramuscular肌肉内的-ist家pathologist病理学家anatomist解剖学家-itis炎症cellulitis蜂窝织炎myocarditis心肌炎leuco(leuko)-白leucorrhea白带leukocytosis白细胞增多leukemia白血病lipo-(脂)lipotrophy脂肪增多li

18、pase脂酶-lith结石cholelith胆结石cholelithiasis胆石症-logy学terminology术语学Cardiology心脏病学lumbo-腰lumbosacral腰骶部的lumbago腰背痛lumbodynia腰痛lympho-淋巴lymphedema淋巴水肿lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少-lysis(lytic)松解，分解了aythrolysis关节松解术spasmolytic解痉的macro-大macrophage巨噬细胞macromolecule大分子mal-不良malnutrition营养不良malfunction功能不全-megaly巨大card

19、iomegaly心扩大cephalomegaly巨头畸形meningo-脑膜meningitis脑膜炎meningocephalitis脑膜脑炎meno-月经dysmenorrhea痛经menopause停经-meter表，计spirometer肺活量计pyrometer高温表-metry测量法iodometry碘定量法micro-小micropump微泵microliter微升mono-单-mononucleosis单核细胞增多monomer单体multi-多multinuclear多核的multipara经产妇myelo-髓myelocele脊髓膨出myelocyte髓细胞myo-肌myo

20、carditis心肌炎myofibroma肌纤维瘤naso-鼻nasoscope鼻镜nasitis鼻炎neo-新neoplasm瘤neomycin新霉素nephro-肾nephropathy肾病nephrosclerosis肾硬变neuro-神经neuroma神经瘤neurodermatitis神经性皮炎non-非non-electrolyte非电解质nonfetal非致命的nulli-无nullipara未产妇nulligravida未孕妇nutri-营养nutrition营养nutrology营养学oculo-眼oculist眼科医生oculusdexter右眼oculussinister

21、左眼oligo-少oligophrenia智力发育不全oliguria少尿-oma肿瘤adenoma腺瘤osteoma骨瘤onco-肿瘤oncology肿瘤学oncogene癌基因医.学全在.线提供ophthalmo-眼ophthalmocele眼球突出ophthalmoplegia眼肌麻痹-osis病cirrhosis肝硬化mycosis霉菌病osteo-骨osteomalacia骨软化osteoarthritis骨关节炎oto-耳otolith耳石otoplasty耳成形术otopyosis耳化脓pan-全panimmunity多种免疫pantalgia全身痛pantatrophia全身营

22、养不良-para产妇primipara初产妇nullipara未产妇-pathy病dermatopathy皮肤病Cardiomyopathy心肌病pedia-儿童pediatrician儿科医师pediatrics儿科学-penia减少leucopenia白细胞减少thrombopenia血小板减少per-经percutaneous经皮肤的peri-周围pericarditis心包炎perianal肛周的pharmaco-药pharmacokinetics药代动力学physicochemistry药典physio-物理physiotheraphy理疗physicochemistry物理化学-p

23、lasty成形术angioplasty血管成形术homoplasty同种移植gastroplasty胃成形术-plegia瘫paraplegia截瘫hemiplegia偏瘫pleuro-胸膜pleuritis胸膜炎pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术-pnea呼吸orthopnea端坐呼吸tachypnea呼吸急促pneumo-气，肺pneumothorax气胸pneumococcus肺炎球菌poly-多polyuria多尿polycholia胆汗过多post-后postpartum产后postoperation术后pre-前premenopause绝经前期premature早搏preloa

24、d前负荷pseudo-假psudohypertrophy假性肥大psudomembranous假膜的psycho-精神，心理psychology心理学psychiatry精神病学-ptosis下垂nephroptosis肾下垂hysteroptosis子宫下垂-ptysis咯pyoptysis咯脓hemoptysis咯血pyo-脓pyorrhea溢脓pyosis化脓radio-放射radiotherapy放疗radiology放射学recto-直肠rectitis直肠炎rectectomy直肠切除术retino-视网膜retinitis视网膜炎retinodialysis视网膜分离rhino-

25、鼻rhinitis鼻炎rhinorrhea鼻漏-rrhagia出血gastorrhagia胃出血hemorrhage出血pneumorrhagia肺出血-rrhaphy缝合术neurorrhaphy神经缝合术Vasorrhaphy输卵管缝合术-rrhea流出diarrhea腹泻menorrhea月经schisto-裂schistosomiasis血吸虫病schistoglossia舌裂scirrho-硬scirrhosarca硬皮病scirrhoma硬癌sclero-硬scleroderma硬皮病sclerometer硬度计-scope(y)镜，检查stethoscope听诊器otoscope

26、耳镜proctoscopy直肠镜检查法semi-半semicoma半昏迷semiliquid半流汁spondylo-脊椎spondylopathy脊椎病spondylitis脊椎炎医.学全,在.线,提供-stomy造口术colostomy结肠造口术ilecolostomy回结肠吻合术sub-下，亚subacute亚急性subabdominal下腹部的super-在上superficial浅的superoxide超氧化物supra-上supraventricular室上性的suprarenalism肾上腺机能亢进tachy-快tachycardia心动过速tachypnea呼吸急促-therap

27、y治疗massotherapy按摩治疗pharmacotherapy药物治疗thermo-热thermometer温度计thermatology热疗学thrombo-血栓，血小板thrombolysis溶栓thrombocytopenia血小板减少症thrombosis血-tomy切开术tracheotomy气管切开术ovariotomy卵巢切开术tracheo-气管tracheoscope气管镜tracheorrhagia气管出血trans-经，转移transurethral经尿道transfusion输血-trophy营养dystrophy营养不良atrophy萎缩ultra-超过ultr

28、aviolet紫外线ultrasound超声utero-子宫uteroscope子宫镜uterotonic宫缩剂vaso-血管vasomotion血管舒缩1 Vasodilator血管扩张剂人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepat

29、ichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreatic

30、pancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arte

31、riole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3与数字有关的前缀数字前

32、缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七he

33、pta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rede

34、rythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/ora

35、ngeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocyto

36、sis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

37、全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-al

38、gesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium

39、/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyr