光伏太阳能专业英语词汇集锦培训资料.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。光伏太阳能专业英语词汇集锦-AC交流电AlternatingcurrentAmorphoussiliconsolarcell非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellsareusuallyproducedbyevaporatingseveralsemi-conductorfilmsontoaso-calledsubstrateAmpre安培UnitindicatingthestrengthofelectriccurrentAssemblingsystem集成系统Systemtoinstalls

2、olarmodulesonroofs,faadesorinthefield.Azimuthangle方位角DescribesthedeviationfromtheSouthtowardsEast-westerndirectionBuilding-integratedPV(BIPV)UsedtodescribeastructurewherePVreplacesconventionalmaterialsandisintegratedintothebuilding.Typically,aphotovoltaicarrayisincorporatedintotherooforwallsofabuild

3、ing.RooftileswithintegratedPVcellscannowbepurchased.Arrayscanalsoberetrofittedintoexistingbuildings;inthiscasetheyareusuallyfittedontopoftheexistingroofstructure.Alternatively,anarraycanbelocatedseparatelyfromthebuildingbutconnectedbycabletosupplypowerforthebuilding.By-passdiode旁路二极管Conductstheelect

4、ricityautomaticallypastamoduleincaseitisshadowedinoneseries.Thisissupposedtopreventanydestructionduetooverheating.Circuit电路Asystemofconductorsthatconveyelectricity.CdTesolarcell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofverythinCdTesemi-conductorfilms(3microns)CISsolarcellThin-filmsolarcellmadeofseveralfilmsof

5、differentlydopedcopper-indium-diselenideCircuitbreaker断路开关Asafetydevicethatshutsoffpowerwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.Combinerbox和路箱WheretheelectricalwiringfromthePVmodulesisjoinedtogetherinparalleltocombineelectricalcurrents.Conductor导体Amaterialthatisusedtoconveyelectricity,i.e.wires.Conversionefficie

6、ncy转换效率Thepercentageofelectricitythatiscreatedbyasolarcellascomparedtotheamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatelectricity.Current电流Theflowofelectricitybetweentwopoints.Measuredinamps.DC直流电DirectcurrentEnergeticamortizationperiod能量偿还期Periodoftimeaphotovoltaicsystemrequirestoproducetheenergyrequiredforpr

7、oduction.Efficiency功率Theratioofoutputenergytoinputenergy.Electricalgrid电网Alargedistributionnetworkthatdeliverselectricityoverawidearea.Electrode电极Aconductorusedtoleadcurrentintooroutofanonmetallicpartofacircuit.Energy能量Usablepower.MeasuredinkWh.Energyaudit能量审核Aprocessthatdetermineshowmuchenergyyouus

8、einyourhouseorapartment.Energyyield能量输出ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemENSEquipmenttocontrolthegridwithattributedall-polecontrolelementinseries.TheENSincludesaredundantvoltageandfrequencycontroloftheelectricitygridandevaluatesanyleapsascertainedinthegridimpedance.Ifthesetlimi

9、tsareexceeded,theENSwillswitchofftheinverter.Whenthelinevoltageisre-established,theinverterwillrestartoperationautomatically.EuropeanefficiencyrateWeightedefficiencyrateiscalculatedbyweightingdifferentpartialloadefficiencyratesandthefull-loadefficiencyrateinlinewiththefrequencyoftheirappearance.Faca

10、desystem正面系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonthefacadeofabuildingoranintegralpartofafacade.Feed-inmeter输入计Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyintothepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Mismatchinginterconnectionofbetterandworsemodulesinonestringasaconsequenceofwhichtheworstmoduleofoneseriesdeterminesth

11、eelectricity.Fieldsystem野外系统PhotovoltaicsysteminstalledinafieldFlat-roofsystem平台屋顶系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonaflatroof.Fossilfuels矿物燃料Fuelsthatareformedundergroundfromtheremainsofdeadplantsandanimals.i.e.oil,naturalgas,andcoalarefossilfuels.Globalradiation总辐射Sumofdiffuse,directandreflectedsolarr

12、adiationontoahorizontalsurface.Greenhouseeffect温室效应WhenheatfromthesunbecomestrappedintheEarthsatmosphereduetocertaingases.Greenhousegases温室气体ThegasesresponsiblefortrappingheatfromthesunwithintheEarthsatmosphere.i.e.watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,chlorofluorocarbons,andnitrogenoxides.Grid电网Ad

13、istributionnetwork,includingtowers,poles,andwiresthatautilityusestodeliverelectricity.Grid-connectedPVsystem并网光伏系统Whentheelectricitygridisavailablebutelectricityfromacleansource(solar)isdesired,solarpanelscanbeconnectedtothegrid.Providedthatsufficientpanelsareplaced,theappliancesinthehouse/buildingw

14、illthenrunonsolarelectricity.Agrid-connectedsolarelectricitysystembasicallyconsistsofoneormoresolarpanels,aninverter,cables,theelectricloadandasupportstructuretomountthesolarpanels.Hertz(HZ)赫兹Thefrequencyofelectricalcurrentdescribedincyclespersecond,i.e.AppliancesintheUnitedStatesuse60HZ.Inverter逆变器

15、ConvertstheDCoutputofthePVsystemintousableACoutputthatcanbefeddirectlyintothebuildingload.Irradiance辐照度theamountofsolarenergythatstrikesasurfaceduringaspecifictimeperiod.Measuredinkilowatts.I-VcurveIV曲线Agraphthatplotsthecurrentversusthevoltagefromthesolarcellastheelectricalload(orresistance)isincrea

16、sedfromshortcircuit(noload)toopencircuit(maximumvoltage).Theshapeofthecurvecharacterizingcellperformance.ThreeimportantpointsontheIVcurvearetheopen-circuitvoltage,short-circuitcurrent,andpeakormaximumpower(operating)point.JunctionboxThepointonasolarmodulewhereitconnects,orisstrung,toothersolarmodule

17、s.In-roofinstallation镶嵌屋顶系统PhotovoltaicsystemwhichisintegratedintotheroofcladdingIslandsystem独立系统Grid-independentpowersupplysystemkWhkilowatthourUnitindicatingenergy/workandcorrespondingwiththeperformanceofonekilowattduringaperiodofonehourkWp-KilowattpeakUnitindicatingthemaximumperformanceunderstand

18、ardtestconcitions(STC)Load负载Theamountofelectricaldemandusedinthebuildingatanygiventime.Mono-crystallinesiliconsolarcell单晶硅太阳能系统Basicrawmaterialisamonocrystaldrawnfrommeltedsilicon.Multi-crystallinesiliconsolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Basicrawmaterialissolarsiliconcastinblocks.NationalElectricalCode(NEC)国家电气代码The

19、U.S.minimuminspectionrequirementsforalltypesofelectricalinstallations,includingsolarsystems.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)国家电力生产商协会TheU.S.tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandardsfortheelectricalmanufacturingindustry.NRELTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory国家可再生能源实验室Anationallabthatcon

20、centratesonstudyinganddevelopingrenewableenergysources.Opencircuitvoltage开路电压MaximumvoltageinanelectriccircuitwhichisgeneratedwhentheelectricityIequalszero(dependingontermperature).Performanceguarantee性能质保Extendedguaranteeofthemoduleproducerfortheperformanceofthesolarmodules.Performancetolerance性能公差

21、Tolerancestatedbytheproducerwithregardstothenominalpower.Poly-cristallinesolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Seemulti-crystallinesiliconsolarcell.PSC电力供应公司Powersupplycompanies.Peakload最大负荷Thelargestamountofelectricitybeingusedatanyonepointduringtheday.Photovoltaic(PV)光伏theconversionoflightintoelectricity.Thetermphotoc

22、omesfromtheGreekphos,meaninglight.VoltaicisnamedforAlessandroVolta(1745-1827),apioneerinthestudyofelectricityforwhomthetermvoltwasnamed.Photovoltaics,then,meanslightelectricity.Photovoltaic(PV)module光伏组件Anumberofphotovoltaiccellselectricallyinterconnectedandmountedtogether,usuallyinasealedunitofconv

23、enientsizeforshipping,handlingandassemblingintoarrays.Thetermmoduleisoftenusedinterchangeablywiththetermpanel.Photovoltaicarray光伏阵列Aninterconnectedsystemofsolarmodulesthatfunctionasasingleelectricity-producingunit.Photovoltaiccell光伏电池（格）Thisisthebasicunitofasolarmodulethatcollectsthesunsenergy.Photo

24、voltaicsystem光伏系统Acompletesetofcomponentsthatconvertssunlightintousableelectricity.Rectifier整流器TransformsalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrentRoofinclination屋顶倾斜度AngleofarooftowardsthehorizontalRatedpower额定功率Nominalpoweroutputofaninverter;someunitscannotproduceratedpowercontinuously.SemiconductorAmate

25、rialthathasanelectricalconductivityinbetweenthatofametalandaninsulator.TypicalsemiconductorsforPVcellsincludesilicon,galliumarsenide,copperindiumdiselenide,andcadmiumelluride.Short-circuitelectricity短路电流Maximumelectricityinanelectriccircuit,whichisgeneratedwhenthevoltageUattheterminalsequalszero(pro

26、portionaltosolarradiation).SolargeneratorSumofsolarmodules.Specificenergyyield能量生产率（比能率）ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhandyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemdividedbytheinstalledperformance(kWp).StandardTestConditionsSTC标准测试条件Generalconditionsunderwhichtheperfomanceofasolarmoduleismeasuredinalaboratory.Consta

27、ntfactorsformeasuringare:Irradianceof1,000W/m5f;lightspectrumafterpenetrationof1.5folddensityoftheatmosphere(AM1,5);temperatureofthesolarcell25C.Supplymeter电源表Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyfromthepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Termperaturecoefficient温度系数Indicatestowhatextenttheindividual

28、factorchangeswiththetemperature.Temperature-independentfactorsarevoltage,electricityandconsequentlyalsoperformance.Thin-filmsolarcell薄膜太能能电池Roughlyahundredtimesthinnerthancrystallinecells.Industrialproductionprocedure(evaporation,atomizationprocedure)ontothesubstratelowersthecost.Dopingspecificconta

29、minationofpurestsiliconwithimpurityatoms.Inaso-calleddiffusionprocedure,impureatoms(e.g.borum,phosphor),whichcangiveoffelectrons,aretransportedbelowthesurfaceofthewafers.Three-phasevoltagecontrol三相电压控制器Equipmenttocontrolthegrid.Voltagecontrolofthethreephases.Ifavoltagefallsbelowastipulatedlimit,thee

30、quipmentwillbeswitchedoff.Tiltangle倾斜角Theangleofinclinationofamodulemeasuredfromthehorizontal.Transformer变压器Usedtostepupordownthevoltageemergingfromtheinvertertomatchtherequiredvoltageoftheonsiteloadortheutilityinterconnection.Volt伏特Unitindicatingthevoltage.Watt瓦特Unitindicatingtheperformance.WhUnitindicatingthewatthour.WpUnitindicatingthewattpeak.-