天然药物化学专业词汇知识讲解.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。天然药物化学专业词汇-天然药物化学专业词汇中药traditionalChinesedrug生药crudedrug草药medicinalherb民族药ethnicdrug地产药材nativedrug道地药材famous-regiondrug中成药Chinesepatentmedicine海洋生药学marinepharmacognosy药用植物学medicinalbotany植物化学phytochemistry植物化学分类学plantchemotaxonomy生药拉丁名Latinnameofcrudedru

2、g学名scientificname来源source混淆品adulterant类同品allieddrug伪品counterfeitdrug代用品substitute掺伪adulteration天然产物naturalproduct化学成分chemicalconstituent有效成分effectiveconstituent主成分mainconstituent活性成分activeconstituent莽草酸途径shikimicacidpathway乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonatepathway乙酸-甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonatepathway单糖monosaccha

3、ride戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖heptose辛糖octose脱氧糖deoxysaccharide,deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosaccharide多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch树胶gum果胶pectin半纤维素hemicellulose纤维素cellulose甲壳质chitin肝素heparin硫酸软骨素chondroitinsulfate玻璃酸hyaluronicacid直链淀粉amy

4、lose支链淀粉amylopectin糖原glycogen费林试验Fehlingtest苷glycoside糖杂体heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenicglycoside,cyanogeneticglycoside酚苷phenolicglycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehydeglycoside醇苷alcoholicglycoside吲哚苷indoleglycoside树脂醇苷resinolglycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫吨酮xanthone呫吨酮苷xanthonoidglycoside蒽醌anthraquin

5、one蒽醌苷anthraquinoneglycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应Borntragerreaction黄酮类flavonoid黄酮苷flavonoidglycoside黄酮flavone黄烷flavane黄酮醇flavonol黄烷酮flavanone黄烷酮醇flavanonol异黄酮isoflavone异黄烷酮isoflavanone菊糖inulin黏液mucilage双黄酮biflavone查耳酮chalcone环菠萝烷cycloartane达

6、玛烷dammarane胡萝卜烷dancane木栓烷friedelane原萜烷protostane螺甾烷spirostane羊毛甾烷lanostane花色素anthocyanidin花色苷anthocyanin原花色素proanthocyanidin白花色素leucoanthocyanidin白花色素苷leucoanthocyanin多烯色素polyenepigment色烷chromane色酮chromone橙酮aurone皂苷saponin皂苷元sapogenin原皂苷元prosapogenin甾体皂苷steroidsaponin甾体皂苷元steroidsapogenin三萜皂苷triterp

7、enoidsaponin三萜皂苷元triterpenoidsapogenin溶血指数haemolyticindex泡沫试验foamtest强心苷cardiacglycoside强心苷元cardiacaglycone强心甾cardenolide海葱甾scillanolide蟾蜍甾bufanolide植物脱皮甾醇phytoecdysteroid一级苷primaryglycoside原始苷primitiveglycoside次级苷secondaryglycoside凯凯反应Keller-Kilianireaction,K-Kreaction凯达试验Keddetest莱加尔试验Legaltest香豆素

8、苷coumaringlycoside香豆素coumarin新黄酮类neoflavonoid裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoidglycoside木脂体lignan木脂内酯lignanolide新木脂体neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜类terpenoid半萜hemiterpene单萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齐墩果烷oleanane挥发油volatileoil精油essentialoil鞣质tannin鞣酸tannicacid可水解鞣质hydrolys

9、abletannin缩合鞣质condensedtannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣质ellagitannin没食子鞣质gallotannin生物碱alkaloid碘化汞钾试剂Mayersreagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorffsreagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagnersreagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrandsreagent,silicotungsticacidreagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenscheinsreagent,phospho-molybdicacidreagent苦味酸试剂Hagersreagent,picricacidreagent矾酸铵一浓硫酸试液Mandel

10、intestsolution钼酸铵一浓硫酸试液Frohdetestsolution甲醛一浓硫酸试液Marquistestsolution双缩脲反应biuretreaction脂肪fat环烯醚萜苷iridoidglycoside环烯醚萜iridoid裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid有机酸organicacid树脂resin油树脂oleoresin树胶树脂gumresin香树脂balsam香脂酸balsamicacid苷树脂glycosidalresin苦味素bitterprinciple色素pigment微量元素traceelement吖啶生物碱acridinealkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱ap

11、orphinealkaloid苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinolinealkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinolinealkaloid双吲哚生物碱bisindolealkaloid咪唑生物碱imidazolealkaloid吲哚生物碱indolealkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidinealkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylaminealkaloid异喹啉生物碱isoquinolinealkaloid大环生物碱macrocyclicalkaloid吗啡烷生物碱morphinanealkaloid羟吲哚生物碱oxindoleal

12、kaloid菲啶生物碱phenanthridinealkaloid苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylaminealkaloid哌啶生物碱piperidinealkaloid嘌呤生物碱purinealkaloid吡啶生物碱pyridinealkaloid吡咯生物碱pyrrolidinealkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidinealkaloid喹唑啉生物碱quinazolinealkaloid喹啉生物碱quinolinealkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidinealkaloid甾体生物碱steroidalkaloid萜类生物碱terpenoidalkaloid四氢异喹啉

13、生物碱tetrahydroisoquinolinealkaloid脂肪油fattyoil去油de-fatting蜡wax饱和脂肪酸saturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturatedfattyacid皂化saponification酸败rancidity-acetal醛缩醇acetal-乙酰acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛alkali-碱allyl丙烯基alkoxy-烷氧基-amide酰胺amino-氨基的-amidine脒-amine胺-ane烷anhydride酐anilino-苯胺基aquo-含水的-ase酶-ate含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne三

14、炔azo-偶氮benzene苯bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐bis-双-borane硼烷bromo-溴butyl丁基-carbinol甲醇carbonyl羰基-caboxylicacid羧酸centi-10-2chloro-氯代cis-顺式condensed缩合的、冷凝的cyclo-环deca-十deci10-1莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropanealkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroidfluoro-氟代-form仿-glycol二醇hemi-半hendeca-十一hepta-七heptadeca-十七hexa-六hexadeca-十六-hydrin醇hydro-氢或水hydroxy

15、l羟基hypo-低级的，次-ic酸的，高价金属-ide无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il偶酰-imine亚胺iodo-碘代iso-异，等，同-ite亚酸盐keto-酮ketone酮-lactone内酯mega-106meta-间，偏methoxy-甲氧基methyl甲基micro-10-6milli-10-3mono-(mon-)一，单nano-10-9nitro-硝基nitroso-亚硝基nona-九nonadeca-十octa-八octadeca-十八-yl基-ylene撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne炔-dine啶dodeca-十二-ene烯epi-表epoxy-环氧-ester酯-ether醚ethoxy-乙氧基ethyl乙基-oic酸的-ol醇-one酮ortho-邻，正，原-ous亚酸的，低价金属oxa-氧杂-oxide氧化合物-oxime肟oxo-酮oxy-氧化-oyl酰para-对位，仲penta-五pentadeca-十五per-高，过petro-石油phenol苯酚phenyl苯基pico-10-12poly-聚，多quadri-四quinque-五semi-半septi-七sesqui一个半sexi-六sulfa-磺胺sym-对称syn-顺式，同，共ter-三tetra-四tetradeca-十四tetrakis-四个thio-硫代trans-反式，超，跨-