全国硕士研究生入学考试——英语二测评卷讲课稿.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二测评卷-全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）测评卷（满分100分）一、完形填空（15分每题1分共15题）Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,pr

2、edictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemor

3、eefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunw

4、illingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmea

5、nsofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.1.AHoweverBMoreoverCThereforeDOtherwise2.AoffBbackCoverDaround3.ApowerBconceptChistoryDrole4.ArewardBresistCresumeDreverse5.AsilentBsuddenCslowDs

6、teady6.AforBagainstCwithDon7.AimaginativeBexpensiveCsensitiveDproductive8.AsimilarBoriginalCtemporaryDdominant9.AcollectBprovideCcopyDprint10.AgiveupBtakeoverCbringbackDpassdown11.AbeforeBafterCsinceDwhen12.AkeptBborrowedCreleasedDwithdrawn13.AUnlessBUntilCBecauseDThough14.AhideBexpressCraiseDease15

7、.AanalyzedBsharedCstoredDdisplayed二、阅读理解（40分每题4分共10题）Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthem

8、anawayfromthemachines.”Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplac

9、inglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,che

10、apsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextratheiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,U.S.factor

11、iesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobsabout6millionintotaldisappeared.”Therewillalwaysbechangenewjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswil

12、lrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.16.

13、ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_.AtheimpactoftechnologicaladvancesBthealleviationofjobpressureCtheshrinkageoftextilemillsDthedeclineofmiddle-classincomes17.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto_.AworkoncheapsoftwareBaskforamoderatesalaryCadoptanaveragelifestyleDcontributesomet

14、hingunique18.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat_.AgainsoftechnologyhavebeenerasedBjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedCfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforeDnewjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered19.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_.AtoacceleratetheI.T.revolutionBt

15、oensuremoreeducationforpeopleCtoadvanceeconomicglobalizationDtopassmorebillsinthe21stcentury20.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?ANewLawTakesEffectBTechnologyGoesCheapCAverageIsOverDRecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourne

16、rs.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadan

17、affectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasaliensfitfordeportation.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelong

18、politicalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,vio

19、linists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwit

20、houtpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldof

21、peopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.21.“

22、Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho_.AimmigrateacrosstheAtlanticBleavetheirhomecountriesforgoodCstayinaforeigncountrytemporarilyDfindpermanentjobsoverseas22Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S._.AneedsnewimmigrantcategoriesBhasloosenedcontroloverimmigrantsCshouldbeadaptedtomeet

23、challengesDhasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans23.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant_.AfinancialincentivesBaglobalrecognitionCopportunitiestogetregularjobsDthefreedomtostayandleave24.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_.AasfaithfulpartnersBwitheconomicfavorsCwithlegaltoler

24、anceDasmightyrivals25.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?AComeandGo:BigMistake.BLivingandThriving:GreatRisk.CWithorWithout:GreatRisk.DLegalorIllegal:Bigmistake.三、新题型（10分每题2分共5题）Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(26-30)

25、.ALivelikeapeasantBBalanceyourdietCShopkeepersareyourfriendsDRemembertotreatyourselfESticktowhatyouneedFPlanningiseverythingGWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas60aweektospend,40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10year

26、sagohewasearning130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondonsbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.“Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.Itgave

27、methevalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butitsstilladay-by-daything.”Nowheslivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.Hesfeelingpositive,buthellcarryonbloggingnotabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood”buteatingwellonabudget.Here

28、shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.26._Impulsivespendingisntanoption,soplanyourweeksmenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itsnotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.Itsalsoagoodideatoshopdailyi

29、nsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,youllsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.27._Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,theresnotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,youllknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbac

30、on,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.28._Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezerthatsnotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyoulldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gooff”wi

31、llbecookedorjuiced.29._Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyoullfeelcomfortableaskingiftheyveanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot

32、,theywillletyouhaveforfree.30._Youwontbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou21morethanenoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.Its16.95thereor12.99foralargepizzafromDominos:IknowwhichIdrathereat.四、英译

33、汉(15分)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworldsairlinesdo-roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”

34、answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentersaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentersneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.五、写作（20分）Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.-