特选破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法.docx

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1、破解高考英语阅读理解长难句 的方法手中的那个箱子装着可能挽救某人生命的东西。3. 2023 全国卷ID篇Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops, what may be implied（暗示）is that the person wants the listener to considerwhat has been said before continuing.【分析 Jwhen a person from one of these cultures is speakin

2、g and suddenlystops是时间状语从句，what may be implied是主语从句， what在主语从句中作主语，that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 是 表语从句，表语从句中含有宾语从句whathas been said before continuing9 what 在宾语从句中作主语。【译文】所以当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停 住了，可能那个人是在继续（讲话）之前暗示听众去思考他之 前说了什么。4. 2023 全国卷IIB篇His

3、presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whosecreativity would infect（感染）other students.【分析】句中that引导宾语从句，且whose引导定语从句, 修饰 an unexpected teaching assistant 0【译文】他的存在意味着我在班级有一位意想不到的教学助 手，并且他的创造力会感染其他的学生。5. 2023 全国卷nc篇Thenthe person leaves it in a public place, hoping that th

4、e book will have anadventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who flnds it.【分析】句中现在分词短语hopingthat在句中作状语，且其中的that引导宾语从句，且从句 中的现在分词短语traveling在从句中充当状语，而who引导定语从句，修饰eachnew reader o【译文】然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书 会经历一次冒险，与发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。6. 2023 全国卷III A篇CCMorganizes a variety of events, includin

5、g performances by the well-known LaSalleQuartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicianspresenting Baroque through modern music.【分析】本句为一个含有较长介词短语的简单句，including 至句末为介词短语，performances后的“by.J是介词短语作 后置定语，presentingBaroque through modern music为现在分词短语作名词的后 置定语。【译文】CCM组织了多样的活动，包括知名的LaS

6、alle四重 奏乐团和CCM爱乐管弦乐团的演出，还有各种代表巴罗克 风格到现代音乐的音乐家团体所进行的演出。7. 2023 全国卷HI B篇Headingback downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn ofevents that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi statereunion（团聚）.【分析】本句为复合句，逗号前为现在分词短语作时间状语, 定语从句that had changed their Big Ap

7、ple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（团聚广在句中修饰先行词the turn of events.【译文】在返回市区宾馆的途中，韦尔蒂的大都市的朋友们 惊讶于他们活动的转变，他们的聚会早已由纽约式的宴会变 成了密西西比人的地方性团聚。8. 2023 全国卷IH B篇Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people withpurple hats, Weltyspeople come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from wal

8、ks throughthe streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on abus.【分析】句中的Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purplehats与Welty s people”构成同位关系，三个from介词短 语与come连用，说明小说中人物角色来源的多面性。【译文】Welty小说中的角色一一美容师、酒吧招待、钢琴 演奏者及那些戴着紫色帽子的人一一源自于她与老朋友共 度的下午，源自于她在土生土长的密西西比州杰克逊城的大

9、 街小巷散步的过程中，还源自于她在公交车上无意间听到的 闲谈。9. 2023 全国卷mc篇To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such asGolden Delicious andRoyal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range ofclassical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by theRomans.【分析】本句主干为 it can

10、 be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical applesstill in existence,句中不定式短语作真正的主语，it为形式 主语；该句前面为介词短语Topeople,而people后又接了一个定语从句，该句后面为such as短语，用于举例。【译文】对于那些已习惯了选择超市里有限的苹果种类如Golden Delicious 和 RoyalGala的人来说，目睹Decio这种过去由罗马人种植的传统苹 果品种如今依然存在可能会令他们大开眼界。1().2023 全国卷III D篇Researchers analyzing wo

11、rd-of-mouth communication 一 e-mails, Web posts andreviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative（消极的）,but that didn t necessarily mean people preferred positivenews.【分析】本句为连词but连接的两个并列分句，第一个分句 为含有一个宾语从句的复合句，主句的主语是Researchers, 其后的现在分词短语analyzingword-of-mout

12、hcommunication作定语，谓语是found,后面是that引导的 宾语从句；第二个分句也是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。【译文】分析口述交际如电子邮件、网帖、评论和面谈的研 究者发现，它倾向于更积极而不是消极（的内容），但这并不 一定意味着人们更偏爱积极的消息。11. 2023 新课标全国卷IB篇These were the real deal - and at that moment, I realized that thebest part ofSarasota in winter was going to be eating things that backhome in New

13、York Iwouldnt be experiencing again for months.【分析】破折号后面的句子对前句进行解释。破折号后为主 从复合句。主句I realized后跟that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中含有that引导的 定语从句修饰先行词thingso【译文】这些都是货真价实的瓜果蔬菜一一就在那一刻，我 意识到，萨拉索塔的冬天最美妙之处在于可以吃到新鲜的瓜 果蔬菜，而我一旦回到纽约的家中，连续几个月都无法品尝 到这些瓜果蔬菜。12. 2023 新课标全国卷II A篇I wasable to buy it a little over a year ago because I

14、 had my relatives give me moneyfor my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.【分析】这是一个主从复合句。连词because引导原因状语 从句，同时该从句又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，修 饰先行词clotheso【译文】我能够在一年多前买下它（电视机）是因为我让我的 亲戚们在我生日时给我钱而不是买大量不合身的衣服。13. 2023 新课标全国卷II B篇Darkenvironments are more likely to encourage overeating, forpeop

15、le are often lessself-conscious（难为情）when they re in poorly lit places 一 and so more likely toeat lots of food.【分析】这是一个主从复合句。for为并列连词，表示原因, when在句中引导时间状语从句。【译文】昏暗的环境更有可能刺激人们暴饮暴食，因为在这 种光线暗淡的地方人们往往会不那么难为情，所以就更有可 能吃大量的食物。14. 2023 新课标全国卷II C篇The gap-year phenomenon originated（起源）with the months leftover

16、to Oxbridgeapplicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academicyear.【分析】主语是The gapyear phenomenon,谓语是 originated,后面是介词短语作状语。【译文】间隔年现象起源于牛桥申请者在十一月入学考试和 下一个学年开始前的这几个月。15. 2023 新课标全国卷II D篇Visitthe palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze（迷宫）wher

17、e it is easy to get lost!【分析】这是一个主从复合句。定语从句which include the famous maze 修饰先行词 historic gardens,定语从句 where it is easy to get lost 修饰先行词 maze。【译文】（你可以）参观宫殿和各种（皇家）历史花园，花园中有破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有 一些长难句，比拟难以理解，对做题会有影响。没关系，看 看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难 句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英

18、语中的那些长难句。英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因 是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该 句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加局部，如插入语、同位语、 分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我 们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。方法1:找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主 语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如 果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，那么 该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如: 著名的迷宫，在那里（游客）容易迷失方向！16. 2023 新课标全国卷II A篇H

19、ereported the case to the police and then sat there, lost andlonely in a strangecity, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all thepaperwork organisedagain from a distant country while trying to settle down in anewone.【分析】这是一个主从复合句。lost and lonely in a strange city 做伴随状语；thinking of the terri

20、bletroubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distantcountry 是现在分词做伴随状语；while trying to settle down in a new one是状语从句的省略。【译文】他向警方报案，然后坐在那里，很失落，在陌生的 城市也很孤单，想想从一个遥远的国家把那么多文件重新整 理一遍会有多大麻烦，而自己还要试图在一个新的国度安家。17. 2023 新课标全国卷II B篇Wedidnt know at that time that there even was an environment

21、, let alone thatthere was a problem with it J says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth DayUSA.【分析】这是直接引语。引语局部含有主从复合句，there even was an environment 是宾语从句，let alone that there was a problem with it 是平行结构。【译文】美国地球日主席Bruce Anderson说，“那时候我们 根本就不知道环境，更不用说知道环境有问题了。“18. 2023 新课标全国卷II C篇The popularity of au p

22、airs from China has been strengthened bythe increasingnumbers of American parents who want their children tolearn Chinese.【分析】这是一个主从复合句，who引导定语从句修饰 先行词parento【译文】随着越来越多的美国父母希望自己的孩子学习汉 语，来自中国的互惠生受欢迎这一趋势一直在加强。19. 2023 新课标全国卷HB篇Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from t

23、heuniversities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham andBirmingham were making thejourney to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-knownwriters of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.【分析】本句很长，却是一个简单句，句子主干是：groupsof students were making the journey to theScottish

24、capital each summer to perform theatre o【译文】不久，一批批的学生，首先是来自爱丁堡大学的学 生，接着便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰的大学的学生， 每年夏天来到苏格兰首府，在小教堂中为爱丁堡人表演一些 不太为人所知的作家的戏剧。20. 2023 新课标全国卷nc篇Giventhat many people s moods （情绪）are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the c

25、hocolate shopsimilar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.【分析】given是介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到，Given that. 作状语。主句是 it was probably only a matter of time,意为可能只是个时间问题”。【译文】鉴于许多人的情绪受巧克力化学作用的控制，或许 使巧克力店像中药店一样（人们能购置巧克力治病）只是个 时间问题。21. 2023 新课标全国卷DD篇Somegift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forwa

26、rd thisMothers Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity （慈善机构）.【分析】本句的根本结构是：Some gift companies allow you to pay it forward this Mother sDayo 句中的in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to acharity”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词gifts。【译文】一些礼品公司，如Presents forPurpose允许你在今年母亲

27、节前预付款，你所挑选的礼品， 其价格的10%将捐给慈善机构。（中学生学习）People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourageillegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担忧 削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt,根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt的主语是 动名词短语weakeninga 2

28、1-year-old ban on the sale of ivory o方法2：提主干，去枝叶（从句、状语和定语等）一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息， 从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。假设句子的 主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导 致思维混乱，主次不分。如：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed flndingsfrom the NationalLongitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project char

29、ting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in theUS in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年 健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课 题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一 组青少年的财产情况。【分析】句子主干为 Economists analysed HndingSo from the University of Sussex作 economists 的定语；from the Nationa

30、l Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health作 flndings 的定语；a 15-year research project 作 the National Longitudinal Study ofAdolescent Health 的同位语；charting作 project 的定语； who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。方法3：寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由假设干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这 些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找 准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别 弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，那么长句就容易

31、对付得多 To要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。 如：Whetheryou get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your selfgrowth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obeyrequirements.【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身开展起着重要的 作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。【分析】此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as引 导原因状语从句，how we

32、ll引导从句作介词of的宾语。方法4：看搭配，防分隔 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭 配中常常出现分隔现象。读者假设受分隔现象的干扰而看不 清句子的本来面目，那么对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：Somecompanies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to somedegree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、平安的产品，从某种程 度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中

33、强调这一点。【分析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句 型“make+宾语+宾补 即使成为1只不过宾语 和宾补被to somedegree”隔开而已。方法5：关键词，抓线索有时某些句子句意模糊，让人理不清头绪，这时只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。MissDermains mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. CordelFs parents are reported to be less than delighted.【句意】Dermain的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑，据说 Cordell的父母的情绪也

34、不是很高涨。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述 方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训 练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：Thefact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as domembers of another does not mean that they do not experienceemotions.【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一 样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这 些情感。【分析】本句的主

35、干为The fact does not mean that.,其中, that they do not experienceemotions 是从句作 mean 的宾语。that members of oneculture do not express their emotions asopenly as do members of another 为 fact 的同位语从句,其 中 as do members ofanother是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members ofanother前形成倒装，主语后省略了 express their emotions o2023-2023年高考英语

36、真题阅读理解长难句精析21句1. 2023 全国卷IB篇Havingyour grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowingyour adult child isstruggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.【分析】but前面是第一分句，but后面是第二分句。动名 词短语 Having your grandchildren faraway是第一分句的主语，现在分词短语especially knowing your adult child isstruggling是第一分句

37、中的状语；动名词短语giving up thelife you know是第二分句的主语，youknow是定语从句，修饰先行词the life。【译文】与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子 女日子艰难，但是放弃你熟悉的生活可能会更艰难。2. 2023 全国卷I C篇Forthis courier job, youre consciously aware that in that boxyouve got somethingthat is potentially going to save somebody火 life.【分析】Forthis courier job是介词短语，在句中作状语；that in that boxyou ve got something that ispotentially going to save somebody y life 是宾语从句,in that box是宾语从句中的地点状语，you ve gotsomething 是宾语从句中的主谓宾；that is potentially goingto save somebody slife是定语从句，修饰前面的somethingo【译文】对于这份传递员的工作而言，你会自觉地意识到你