2020新译林版高中英语选修第二册Unit4课文原文.docx
《2020新译林版高中英语选修第二册Unit4课文原文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2020新译林版高中英语选修第二册Unit4课文原文.docx(3页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、Unit 4 Law and orderReadingThe rules of lawHave you ever wondered when and where the law originated? Around 12,000 years ago in the Middle East, small permanent farming communities were established,changing traditional nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Different groups were closely living together
2、 and dealing with unfamiliar behaviours, beliefs and attitudes. To prevent chaos and resolve conflicts, the rules of conduct and consequences for unacceptable behaviours were created. Hence, the concept of law was born.Many ancient civilizations arose in the Middle East, so it is not surprising that
3、 law codes first appeared there. The oldest discovered, the Code of Ur-Nammu, dates back to about 4,000 years ago. The code presented laws in the cause-and-effect format, a style used in nearly all later codes. Another one discovered, the Code of Hammurabi, was composed around 300 years later, which
4、 is one of the longest, best-organized and best-preserved legal texts. This code was among the first to implement the concept innocent until proven guilty”. Both codes have features in common. For instance, they treated a variety of matters,but often ignored some important rules, because such rules
5、were deeply grounded in custom.Over time, laws evolve to become more sophisticated and wide-ranging. Societies constantly transform, so legal systems respond accordingly and ensure laws remain relevant. This response happens in various ways. Outdated laws are abolished when they no longer correspond
6、 with the values or moral beliefs of the current society. The most famous example is the abolition of slavery laws in certain countries during the 19th century. Current laws are amended when aspects of a crime change, such as becoming more serious or producing additional crime-related behaviour. In
7、Australia, a law amendment makes workplace bullying amount to a criminal offence. Besides, new laws are made as new situations develop such as those created by advances in technology or changes in societal attitudes. For instance, the advent of the Internet and social media has led to easier exchang
8、es of information, and in turn has provided unauthorized access to personal data, so it is necessary to adopt a new law to strengthen the protection of online users private information.Evolving laws may represent a progressive society, but legal systems tend to remain relatively stable. Notably, glo
9、bal legal systems fall into categories that share similarities, and two main categories are civil law and common law. In the civil law systemjaws are created by the countrys legislature. Many European countries adopt this legal system. In the common law system, some laws are created by the legislatu
10、re, but most are based on published court decisions from previous court cases, which are then implemented in future similar situations. The Unites States, the United Kingdomand Australia are examples of the common law system.The law plays an essential part in resolving conflicts, settling disputes a
11、nd making rules that everyone must follow, yet it has limitations. As the law is not applicable to all situations, it is just one instrument to regulate society. Governments usually employ other methods of social control to help society operate in a smooth and integrated fashion. Moreover, the law i
12、s not always ready or able to adapt to the constant changes in the society it serves. Because of its relative stability, it is unreasonable for the law to solve every newly emerging problem.The law is more than just a set of rules as you have probably realized. It helps maintain security and stabili
13、ty in society, and its stable structure assists our societies to reach their full potential. The law is the compass that has guided humans from the first law-abiding communities to where we are today. As it continues to lead us into the future, the law will hopefully help us develop societies that a
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2020 新译林版 高中英语 选修 第二 Unit4 课文 原文
限制150内