专题14 强调句和省略句.docx

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1、专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高 考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调 句式；按照考试大纲的要求，考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原那么，在行文中正确地使用 省略。强调句一、强调句句型1 .陈述句的强调句型：It is/was +被强调局部（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/who（当强 调主语且主语指人）+其他局部。It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2 . 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was

2、提到it前面。Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3 .特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调局部（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is / was + it + that / who +其他局部？When and where was it that you were born?I met the film starJackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.弓虽调主语：It was I （that / who） met the film star-Jackie Chan at Beijing

3、Airport yesterday.强调宾语： It was the film star-Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语： It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star-Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met the film star一Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that和w

4、ho,即使在强调 时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that和who不可省略；强调句中的时态通常用两种：一般现在 时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was，其余 的时态用It is.二、notuntil句型的强调句.句型为：It is / was not until +被强调局部+ that +其他局部It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意：此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用

5、。因为句型中Itis /was not已经是否认句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否认句。them when they turn to him.A. if never B. if everC. if not D. if any【答案与解析】B止匕处seldom, if ever是if there is ever的省略形式，there is ever 如果有也是少见的；几乎从来不”。3. （2010 湖南师大附中月考）一Mum, I am afraid I wont do well in the coming test.Honey,more careful,you will make

6、it.A. is; soC. be; then【答案与解析】B be; andD. being; andB祈使句用动词原形开头，祈使句+ and +简单句相当于由if引导的主从复合句。4. （2010 河北唐山模拟）Was it near the white building, if I may ask,Martin Luther King gave a speech “I have a dream?A. where B. that C. why D. in which【答案与解析】B题意：如果我们问的话，是不是在那座白色的楼房附近马丁路德金作 了“我有一个梦想”的演说呢？ if I may

7、ask是插入语，此句考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it +被强调局部+ that +原句剩余局部。5. （2010 专艮川市期末联考）1 just dont understand that prevents so many Americans frombeing as happy as one might expect.A. why it does B . what it doesC. what it isD. why it is【答案与解析】C 此题是宾语从句中的强调句的使用。可以将原句恢复“It is what that prevents so many American

8、s”但是英语中疑问代词或副词须放句首。6. （2010 湖南雅礼中学月考）find my wallet, Tom?A. Where did you that B. Where was it youC - Where have you D. Where was it that you【答案与解析】D 考查强调句，强调地点状语。应选D项。7. （2010 安徽期末联考）一 the accident happened?一 Its said to happen on his way to work.A. Do you know it is where thatB - Where is it that

9、do you knowC. Do you know where it is thatD. Where do you know it is that【答案与解析】D 考查强调句型。题意：“你知道这事故是在哪发生的吗？ ”“据说是在他 上班的路上。”（2008 山东青岛模拟）1 cant remember how many days ago a fight broke out betweenthe husband and the wife.A. which B. why C. that D. where【答案与解析】C题意：我不记得在多少天前这对夫妇曾经吵过一架。8. （2010 山东沂南一中高三

10、）How long do you think the computer company brings out anew product?A. it will be beforeB. will it be untilC. will it be whenD. it will be that【答案与解析】A 此题考查一个固定结构It will be + 一段时间+ before.,意为“要过（多 久）才 本句实际上是对其时间的提问，所以只有选A项。9. （2010 苏北四市二模）Read the passage and correct the mistakes,.A. if not B. if an

11、y C. if ever D. if never【答案与解析】B if any是if there are any mistakes的省略句结构。10. （2010 河南实验中学一模）一Have you seen Rose recently?No. Its five years I met her.A. since B. afterC. whenD. before【答案与解析】A 考查句型“It is / has been +一段时间+ since +从句”结构。11. （2010 广东揭阳高三上学期期末）1 dont think there will be more than 40 stude

12、nts left in the class,， because the environment is not fit for studying.A. if anyB. if possibleC. if everD. if so【答案与解析】A 考查省略的结构。if any ”如果有一些“； if possible “如果可能”；if ever 如 果曾经 ifso如果那样”。题意：我认为即使这个班还有学生的话也不会超过四十个，因为 这儿的环境不适合学习。12. （2009 威海高三质检）Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,?A. hadn

13、t you B. wouldnt youC. aren*t I D. didn*t she【答案与解析】B考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否认是与主 句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。13. （2009 大连、哈尔滨联考）一What should I do with this passage?一 the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found outC. Find out D. To

14、find out【答案与解析】C考查在具体语境中的省略，第2句补充完整应为“You should find out the main idea of each paragraph”。14. （2009 泰安高三联考）一 that he managed to get the information?一Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itWhat was itB. How was itWhy was it【答案与解析】C It wasthat引导强调句，对how进行强调。特殊疑问句，疑问词放在 句首。三、谓语动词的强调1.It is/wast

15、hat结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do / does或did。Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意：此种强调只用do / does和did ,没有别的形式；过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原 形。省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。1 I) Thank you for your help.2 I) See you

16、tomorrow.(It) Doesnt matter.3 .省略主谓语或主谓语的一局部。(There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong?Why (do you) not say hello to him?4 .不定式的省略(1)使役动词 let, make, have 及感官动词 see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等 后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to,但在被动句时应加上tooI saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy wa

17、s seen to fall from the tree.2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love.等后面接不定式 作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式。只保存不定式符号to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态 的不定式时，那么需在to后加上be或haveo一Are you going there?一Yes, Fd like to (go there).一Are you an engineer?No, but I want to be (an engineer).3)tell,

18、warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and/or连接时，第1个不定式带to,后面的不 定式可省去to。但如表示比照(照)等，那么不省略to。Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes. Its better to laugh

19、 than to cry.5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be往往省略。He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.6)特殊结构中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, theres nothing to do but, cant help but, rather than等后的不定式的符号to常省略。He would sooner die than surrender.Fd rather look after the baby th

20、an wash dishes.7)主语局部有一个表“做”的do的各种形式时，表语不定式常省略What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.5 .省略表语一Are you thirsty?一Yes, I am (thirsty).6 .同时省略几个成分Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.一Have you finished your work?一(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相

21、同的局部。My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.三、主从复合句中的省略.主句中有一些成分被省略。(Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.1 .从句的省略(1)宾语从句以which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时，可省略全部 谓语，甚至主语也省略

22、，仅保存一个wh 一词。She will go to Beijing, but I don*t know when (she will go to Beijing.)状语从句在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致，或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。常见的有以下几种：时间状语从句： Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.条件状语从句：He won*t go to the party unless (he is) invited.比拟状语从句： Country music today remains mu

23、ch the same as (it was) before.让步犬语从句： Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意：though和as引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装。从句倒装时，如果从句的表语是可数名词单数，将名词提前时，名词前面的冠词a/an须省略。Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society. = Though he is a child, he knows muchabout the society.注意：

24、有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so 等。If necessary, ring me at home.一He may be busy.一If so, Ill call late匚 If not, can I see him now?(3)修饰名词way的限制性定语从句常省略in which或thatoIs this way you talk to your parents?(4)强调句It is / wasthat,当强调疑问句时，that常可省略。Why was it (that) you w

25、ere ten minutes late?用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。一Is he coming back tonight?I think so.一Is he feeling better today?Im afraid not.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及 I suppose not. 1 believed not. I hope not 等。（但 I dont think so 比 I think not 更常用）。四、连词that的省略.宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略

26、的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关局部）。1 .在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。2 .引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that 一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程 度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉。这就要求学生在复习和备考中注意总结, 全面把握，深入研究。具体把握强调句以下四大考点：1 .考查强调句式的基本结构.考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式2 .考查强调句式的疑问句.考查强调句式的正确判断省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的语法工程之一，虽然不是每年必考工程，但不少省份有 所涉

27、及。从命题的趋势来看，更侧重考查省略在交际中的功能，考查语法知识间的交叉使用。高考真题探究（20062011年）2011 四川卷 15】Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat wentdown?A. where B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【考点】考查强调句。【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island,是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it +被强调局部+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船漂浮一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”2011 陕西卷

28、23 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.A. who B. which C. that D. what【答案】C【考点】考查强调句。【解析】强调句型:Itis/was+被强调局部+that连接句子的其他局部。答案选择C。2011 重庆卷 32 一Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?一 Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.【答案

29、】A【考点】考查强调句。【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部 电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的局部是地点状语in our village。强调状 语 in our villageo2011 湖南卷 35】Its not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we doconsistentlyA .whichB. thatC. howD. when【答案】B【考点】此题考察强调句型。【解析】此题考察强调句型。强调主语。应选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶 尔所做

30、的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。A. Otherwise B. If notC. But for that D. If so【答案】D【考点】考查省略和替代。【解析】句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修 厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否那么，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that 假设不是因为那件事；if so假设是这样。K1。安徽U It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostesscooked such a

31、 nice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. whichK答案2BK考点此题考查强调句型。K解析U迷惑点在于强调局部中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the villageoK101胡南I Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard workhasmade him what he is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. thatK答案H dK考点I考查强调句型。K解析U题干为强调句型，被强调局部为years of ha

32、rd work,应选D项。K10 浙江 I The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, canimprove our health.A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry outK答案I cK考点I此题考查if条件句中的省略情况。K解析II本句的句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows； that引导宾语从句，宾语从 句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can impr

33、ove our health, if regularly 是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主 语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is,故省略了 it is,完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这 项实验说明，适当的运动，如果有规律的进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。K09 湖南 I Every evening after dinner, if notfrom work, I will spend some time walkingmy dog.A. being tired B. tir

34、ing C. tired D. to be tiredK答案I cK考点I省略句式。K解析I在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work,根据省略的 原那么，所以答案选C。K09 江西It was he came back from Africa that wear he met the girl he wouldlike to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; that D. only; whenK答案cK考点强调句型。K解析U根据It isthat结构可知。K 09 江西 I Some

35、 of you may have finished unit one., you can go on to unit two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If soK答案I DK考点I省略句的用法。K解析U If so = If you have done that / so你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元，如果是这样 的话，你们可以继续第二单元。Kos全国nK答案H AK考点I此题考查强调句K解析1句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It+be+被强调成分+that句 型为强调句。K08 天津 I It was along the

36、 Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. whereK答案工cK考点I此题考查强调句K解析11此处构成It wasthat强调句式，句中强调了介词短语along the Mississippi Rivero08 重庆 U It was not until midnightthey reached the camp site.K答案AK考点工考查强调句。K解析U从not until在it was后可以判断这是一个强调含有not until的句子，强调句型中只能 用 thato

37、K08 福建 I -Who should be responsible for the accident?K答案U AK考点I此题考查状语从句的省略K解析I as told=as they were told,此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句 主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动 关系，排除C、DoK07 全国 I 2 We all know that, the situation will get worse.K答案BK考点此题考查省略句式K解析X that后跟宾语从句，宾语从句中含有一个主从句,if从句使用了省

38、略句式，完整的形式 应为 if it is not carefully dealt with, it 指代主句中的 situation oK07 安徽I In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than.K答案H dK考点I不定式的省略。K解析力表示过去常常.”用used to do，并且此题中动词原形be不能省略。（07 重庆 I It is not who is right but what is rightis of importance.K答案CK考点此题考查强调句型K解析H本句为It isthat强

39、调句型。K06 全国 H H It was not until she got homeJennifer realized she had lost her keys.K答案I BK考点此题考查强调句。K解析泗虽调句的基本结构为“Itis/was+被强调局部+that/who。此题强调时间状语从句，用 thatoK06 辽宁 H It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important.K答案AK考点此题考查强调句。K解析U该句为强调句，强调句子的时间状语after he got what he ha

40、d desired。强调句的结构是 It is/was+被强调局部+that/who+句子的其余成分。K06 山东 I I just wonderthat makes him so excited.K答案I DK考点I此题考查强调句。K解析I此题题干相当于I just wonder what makes him so excited.的意义，所以该题实际上为强 调句型的特殊疑问句式,what为宾语从句的连接词且在从句中作主语。模拟试题探究1. （2010 湖南湘潭期末联考）一I hope he wont get ill during the examinations. He has been very well recently.A. Certainly B. No C. Not D. Yes【答案与解析】B此题中的否认回答用no,而不是not,此题回答是省略的，完整形式为“No, he wont.（2010 湖南雅礼中学月考）He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ， refusing