中考英语常考易错点专题讲练：完成句子和句子翻译(共10页).doc

《中考英语常考易错点专题讲练：完成句子和句子翻译(共10页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语常考易错点专题讲练：完成句子和句子翻译(共10页).doc（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上完成句子和句子翻译知识清单1. It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:It is dangerous for children to play in the street. 孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。2. It's time for sth. 是干某事的时间了;It's time(for sb.)to do sth. 该干某事了。如:It's time for the meeting. 该开会了。It's time for us to go to school. 我们该上学了。3.

2、 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花某人一些时间。sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。sth. cost sb. some money 某事花某人一些钱pay some money for sth. 为某事(物)付钱,如:It took me two hours to write the letter. 写这封信花了我两小时的时间。He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning.

3、 他每天早上花半小时读英语。He spends one hour on the housework every day. 他每天花一小时做家务。The bike cost me 500 yuan. 这辆自行车花了我500元。I spent 500 yuan on the bike. 我买这辆自行车花了500元。I paid 500 yuan for the bike. 我花了500元买这辆自行车。重要提示:cost主语一般为物;spend, pay主语一般为人。例中it 用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。4. too+形容词/副词+to do. 太以致不能 如:I was too excit

4、ed to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。Tom is too short to reach the apple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。重要提示:这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so. that. 结构改写。例句可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldnt say a word.5. so that. 以便/以致 如:They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。They started early so that they cau

5、ght the early bus. 他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。重要提示:在例句中,是引导目的状语;在例句中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。6. 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 如:Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life. 努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。Hurry up,or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。注意:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句可以改

6、写成:If we don't hurry up,we'll be late for school.7. Why not do.? 为什么不?Let's do. 让我们做吧。Shall we do.?我们做好吗?Would you like/to do.?你想要(做)吗?Will you please do.?请你做好吗?What(How)about doing.?做怎么样?had better do/not do sth.最好做/不做某事。如:Why not go and ask our teacher?为什么不去问问老师?Good idea! Let's go

7、. 好主意!走吧!Shall we go out for a walk? 我们去散步怎么样?No,Let's go to the zoo. 不,我们去动物园吧。Will you please fetch some chalks for me? 请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?What about singing an English song? 唱首英文歌曲怎么样?Wonderful! 好极了!You had better put on the coat when you go out. 你出去时最好把外套穿上。8. I don't think his answer is right.

8、我认为他的答案不对。 如:I can't believe she is right. 我相信她是不对的。You don't think they will come tomorrow,do you? 你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?重要提醒:think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例句变为反意疑问句应为:I can't believe she is right,is she?9. such+名词性词组+that.;so+形容

9、词/副词+that. 如此以致如:She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。It was such a hot day that they didn't go out for a walk as usual. 这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。重要提醒:(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that.”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that.”,例句可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.(2)在“such+形容

10、词+名词复数或不可数名词+that.”结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that. ,so+much/little+不可数名词+that. 。如:There are so many people in the room that I can't get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。10. there be.;either. or.;neither. nor.;not o

11、nly. but also. 如:There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。Not only you but also I want to go travelling.不但你,我也想去旅游。Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim都是英国人。重要提示:当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称

12、和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比both. and. 来记忆,both. and. 连接主语时视为复数。11. enough+名词+to do. 有足够的做某事;形容词/副词+enough+to do. 足够做某事。如:There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting. 这儿有足够的地方容下这些人开会。The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 这个男孩儿力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。重要提示:enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so. that.

13、 句型改写。例句可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.12. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢(爱好)做某事;like to do/like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。如:Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜欢听音乐吗?I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢到某一具体的地方游泳)I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。(只讲喜欢这项运动)提分策略纵观全国各地中考英语试题的句子翻译题,其考查的重点为:

14、各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。解答这类试题,考生需要注意以下方面:1. 要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。2. 要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同

15、之处,这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。比如:汉语中常说“希望/建议/同意/拒绝某人做某事”,但英语习惯上却不能 hope/suggest/agree/refuse sb. to do sth.;又比如:汉语中的“红茶”,按英语的习惯是说成 black tea,而不是对应地说成red tea。再比如:汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换(即不说“打足球”或“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。 所有这些方面的基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识,同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。3.

16、不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯,比如:当他要译“他年龄很大”这样一个极为简单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为 His age is very big. 而不是正确地译为 He is old. 又如要译“我工作很忙”,他不是正确地译为 I'm busy,而是逐字译为 My work is very busy. 所有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。4. 由于句子翻译一般采用翻译填空的形式,也就是说被填空的句子在句法结构或表达形式等方面已有了一定的限制,所以考生在做这类题时不仅要注意所给的中文句子的含义,而且要注意已给英语句子的结构和所使用的句式等,做到既不偏离

17、中文含义,又符合英语表达的习惯性和地道性。总之,在做句子翻译题时,要注意单词的词形变化,如名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外,重要的是平时的积累,考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。完成句子这类题目在中考中主要是测试考生运用英语词汇和“句型”的能力。按汉语意思完成句子这类题型,重点是对基本句型的运用,一般都有规律可循。除了熟记基本句式的结构外,还要注意时态和语态以及some,any,already,yet 等词在句型中的变化。有些句型让人感到心暖如春,有的却使人感到冰冷如霜;有的听起来觉得文

18、雅得体,有的让人听起来觉得粗鲁野蛮。我们写文章也是一样,不同的句子可以表达不同的效果,而如何准确、巧妙地运用不同的表达形式描述人、物、事件,正是我们需要下功夫学习的内容。1. 平时注意练习用不同的句式表达相同的内容。这样可以给人清新俊逸、耳目一新、不落俗套的感受。此类句式积累多了,可以扩大我们写作的视野,增加我们选择句型的余地,以便用最恰当的形式表达我们要表达的内容。如:问某人“出了什么事”或“怎么不舒服”,我们可以说“What's wrong with you?”也可以说“What's the matter with you?”;说明“他经常给我打电话”,可以说“He oft

19、en calls(phone;telephone)me.”,也可以说“He often rings me up.”,还可以说“He often gives me a call(ring).”。这样的表达形式,我们已学过不少,关键是要学着运用。2. 练习用不同的句式,表达不同的情感。有时为了表达不同的情绪、情感,需要适当变换一下句式,使语言更符合人物身份或当时的喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐、悲。最常用的是表示“客气、委婉”和“强调”。表示“委婉、客气”常可以借助“I'm afraid”、“don't mind”、“please”“I'm sorry”等。3. 练习用习惯表达法,

20、表达相同的内容。英语中有些句子是平铺直叙的,有的则借助习惯表达法使句子更具魅力,更能体现我们运用英语的水平。【例1】(2014·天津)根据所给中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。 1. 我每天不得不早早起床赶头班车。 I have to early every day to catch the first bus.  2. 他们去年冬天在海南度假。 They were in Hainan last winter.  3. 我们春节前做扫除,是为了扫走不好的运气。 We do some cleaning to bad luck before Spring Festiva

21、l.  4. 你周日经常和母亲去购物吗? Do you often with your mother on Sundays?  5. 你何不在错误的旁边写下正确的拼写呢? Why don't you the correct spelling next to the mistake? 【答案】1. get up2. on holiday3. sweep away4. go shopping5. write down【例2】(2014·山东枣庄)把答案写在每小题后的横线上,必须用上所提供的单词或短语。1. 这星期同学们对我真好。(friendly)

22、2. 你声音小点行吗?(mind,keep. down)  3. 我不喜欢刷盘子。(do)  4. 因为我们上次宿营带了雨衣,所以我们没淋湿。(because)  5. 你认为情景剧怎么样?(think)  【答案】1. My classmates are really friendly to me this week.2. Would you mind keeping your voice down?3. I don't like doing the dishes.4. Because we brought our raincoats,we d

23、on't get wet in last camp.5. What do you think of sitcom?专项训练一、 (2014·江苏江阴)完成句子。按所给的汉语,用英语完成下列句子。1. 我的好朋友Tom出国将近2个月了。My good friend for nearly 2 months. 2. 尽管外面天气很冷,但是他坚持每天游泳。Though it is cold outside,he every day. 3. 很多青少年由于过重的作业负担而得不到充足的睡眠。A large number of teenagers can't g

24、et too much homework. 4. 为了引起我们的注意,英语老师用红色把新单词标出来。,the English teacher has marked new words in red. 5. 我想知道多久以后如此多的邮件会得以回复。I am wondering . 6. 那名工程师独自继续开展他的工作,最后终于取得成功。The engineer and finally had a success. 二、 (2014·江苏常州)根据所给中文完成句子。1. 这些工人不知道该怎样处理这些旧机器。The workers didn'

25、t know . 2. 网上有各种各样的睡袋供你选择。There online . 3. 我确信什么也不能阻止我们使梦想成真。I am sure that . 4. 据说这家电影院已经开业十年了。It is said . 5. 到2013年末为止,他已经去过好几个国家了。He the end of 2013. 6. 你能否告诉我这个机器人是不是出错了?Could you tell me ? 三、 (2013·天津)根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。1. 这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴,以至于他坚持练琴三年了。The eight-

26、year-old boy likes playing the piano much he has kept for three years. 2. 我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生、洗衣服。My mother usually some cleaning and on Sundays. 3. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得愉快。We're to have at the party this evening. 4. 由于天气不好,运动会不得不推迟。 the bad weather,the sports meeting had to . 5. 保护环境和发展经

27、济同样重要。Protecting environment is developing economy. 四、 (2013·湖北武汉)根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。1. 你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的? can you get on well your neighbours? 2. 刘老师是位非常亲切的老师,以至于我们把她当做自己的母亲。Mrs Liu is kind teacher we her our mother. 3. 严禁酒后驾车。People shouldn't be allowed to after . 4. 下定决心努

28、力学习吧,你迟早会成功的。Make to work hard, you'll succeed . 5. 李明是个热心肠的人,他经常帮助那些有困难的人。Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often the people in trouble . 五、 (2013·甘肃白银)根据下列句子的汉语意思和英语提示,完成句子,每空一词。1. 多吃蔬菜对健康有益。It's your health to eat more vegetables. 2. 王亚平是在太空授课的第一位中国航天员。Wang Yaping i

29、s the first Chinese astronaut in space. 3. 非常感谢邀请我参加你的聚会。asking me to your party. 4. 学英语最好的方法是尽可能多说。The best way to learn English is to speak it as as . 5. 目前,贫困山区的孩子对网络安全非常感兴趣。Now,the poor children in mountain villages interested the Internet. 参考答案与解析一、 1. has been abroad2. insi

30、sts on swimming3. enough sleep because of4. (In order) to attract our attention5. how soon so many e-mails will be replied to6. carried on with his work alone/by himself/on his own二、 1. how to/they would deal with these old machines2. are various sleeping bags,for you to choose from3. nothing can st

31、op us making our dream come true4. that the cinema has been open for ten years5. had been to many countries by6. if the robot has gone wrong/whether t here is something wrong with the machine三、 1. so,that,practicing2. does,washing3. sure,fun4. Thanks to/Because of,be put off5. as important as四、 1. How,with2. such a,that,regard,as3. drive,drinking4. up your mind,and,sooner or later5. gives,a hand五、 1. good for2. to teach3. Thanks a lot for4. much,possible5. are,in专心-专注-专业