关于高三英语语法知识定语从句的复习教案.pdf

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1、关于高三英语语法知识定语从句的复习教案关于高三英语语法知识定语从句的复习教案定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which 等。关系副词有：when,where,why 等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the ma

2、n who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用指人或物，（只用作定语,假设指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had brokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮助。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover isgreen

3、.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which/that had never been seen beforeappears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that 在句中作宾语）The package（which/that）you are carrying is aboutto e unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that 在句中作宾语）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词 when

4、,where,why 的含义相当于介词+which构造，因此常常和介词+which构造交替使用。例如：There are oasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused ouroffer?这就是他回绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that 代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when,where,why 和介+which引导

5、的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略。例如：His father died the year（that/when/in which）hewas born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place（that/where/inwhich）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词那么要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I staye

6、d last year.这是我去年呆过的村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together withyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错）This is the mountain village where I visitedlast year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in thecountryside.（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visitedlast year.（对）Ill never forget the

7、days（which）I spent inthe countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where,when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1.Is this museum you visited a few days age?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one例 2.Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答

8、案：例 1 D，例 2 A例 1 变为肯定句：This museum is you visited a few daysago.例 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition washeld.在句 1 中，所缺局部为宾语，而 where,that,on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句 2 中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句局部为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on

9、 用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的局部，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The hou

10、se,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）领先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired lastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。y house,which I bought last year,has got a lovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel,which I have read three ti

11、mes,is verytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进展修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant,whichgreatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor,which is calledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that 前不

12、能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词构造可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你参加我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club?由 as,which 引导

13、的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this 或 and that。As 一般放在句首，which 在句中。例如：As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知，吸烟有害安康。The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss,came asa surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he答案 C

14、.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用which.，it 和 he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good,was morethan we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it答案 B。which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday,prevented me f

15、rom goingto the park.A.that B.which C.as D.it答案 B.as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；假设为行为动词，那么从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。在此题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为 B。as 的用法例 1.the sameas；suchas 中的 as 是一种固定构造,和一样。例如：

16、I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例 2.as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如：As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知，吸烟有害安康。As is known,smoking is harmful to ones health.As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词 know 要用被动式。1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoe

17、ver 可以用 anyone who 代替）2）The parents will use what they have to send theirson to technical school.（what 可以用 all that 代替）1）what=the thing which；whatever=anything。例如：What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送了。Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2）who=the person that whoever=anyone

18、 who。例如：（错）Who breaks the laill be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the laill be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。3）that 和 what当 that 引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that 常可省略。What 只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的详细成分，且不能省略。

19、例如：I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。1）不用 that 的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree,that is four hundred years old,is veryfamous here.b）介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get o

20、ur food from.2）只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。b）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。c）先行词有 the only,the very 修饰时，只用 that。d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,the th

21、ief handed everything that he had stolento the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。高三英语 A healthy life 教案Unit3 A healthy life1、abuse v.根据语境猜词义(1)We abuse land because we regard it as a moditybelonging to us.(2)All the children had been physically and emotionallyabused.(3)He greeted me with a stream of abuse,whi

22、ch made mefeel sad.根据语义找匹配：A.滥用 B.谩骂 C.虐待；伤害(1)A(2)C(3)Bdrug abuse 滥用药品 child abuse 虐待儿童翻译句子(1)滥用能会给我们的子孙后代(offspring)带可怕的未。The abuse of energy will bring our offspring a terriblefuture.(2)根据最新的法律，家长不允许虐待儿童。Aording to the latest law,parents are not allowed toabuse their children.2、ban n.&v.制止；取缔；禁令根

23、据语境感悟其用法(1)From last June,there is abanon offering plasticbags for free in supermarket.从去年 6 月份开始制止超市无偿提供塑料袋。(2)People are bannedfromsmoking in many public placesin England.在英国许多公共场所制止吸烟。banfrom(doing)sth.制止(做)某事a ban on 关于的禁令ban/forbid/prohibitban 由于法律或社会压力而制止，有谴责或不赞成的意思。搭配 banfrom(doing)sth.forbid

24、 较常用。可以是个人，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准那么。搭配 forbid sb.to do sth./forbid doing sth.prohibit 强调以法律、官方行政手段或规制度的形式加以制止。搭配 prohibit sb.from(doing)sth.用 ban/forbid/prohibit 的适当形式填空(1)After the aident,he was banned from driving alone.(2)Our school forbids us to bring cell phones toschool.(3)The law prohibits the to

25、bao from being sold freely.3、due adj.应付的，到期的，预期的根据语境感悟其用法(1)Their plane is due in 15 minutes.他们的飞机预定在15 分钟后到达。(2)The electricity bill is due today.今天该交电费了。(3)A great deal of money is dueto you.这些钱应该付给你。due to 因为；归因于，归功于be due to do sth.定于某时做某事翻译句子(1)由于这次全球性的金融危机，他被辞退了。He was fired due to the global

26、financial crisis.(2)这次峰会(summit)将在一个非洲国家举行。The summit is due to be held in an African country.4、austomed adj.习惯的，通常的根据语境感悟其用法(1)We wereaustomedto working together.我们习惯了一起工作。(2)Having moved to the northeast of China,I had toaustommyselfto the dry weather.搬到东北后，我不得不使自己适应枯燥的气候。be/bee/grow/get austomed

27、to(doing)sth.习惯于getused to(doing)sth.austom oneself to(doing)sth.使自己习惯于；养成的习惯用 austom 的适当形式填空(1)She was a person austomed to having eight hourssleep a night.(2)He took his austomed seat by the fire.(3)Im not austomed to getting up so early.翻译句子(4)她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。Her eyes quickly became austomed to the d

28、ark.(5)短裤放在惯常的地方。The pants were in their austomed places.5、quit(quit,quit/quitted,quitted)vt.根据语境猜词义(1)I am so tired that I decide to quit next month.(2)I had to quit the gathering in order to be home bymidnight.(3)He quit smoking,and talked something to the personnext to him.根据语义找匹配：A.离开 B.停顿 C.辞职(

29、1)C(2)A(3)Bquit 必须接名词或动名词作宾语。除此之外，以下动词也有类似用法：suggest;practise;risk;enjoy;escape;admit;advise;allow;appreciate;avoid;deny;mind;miss;permit;consider;forbid;finish;prevent;keep;delay;dislike;imagine。翻译句子(1)教练盯着队员并要求他们不要说话。The coach stared at the team members and asked them toquit talking.(2)这个贼有逃脱警察抓捕的

30、技能。The thief has the skill of escaping being caught bypolicemen.(3)我想你不介意我写信向你求救。I would like you not to mind me writing to you for help.6、feel like doing sth.想要做某事根据语境感悟其用法(1)I feellikedrinking a cup of hot tea in the coldwinter every evening.在寒冷的冬天里，我每个晚上都要喝杯热茶。(2)I feellikelying on the bed and li

31、stening to themusic.我喜欢躺在床上听歌。(3)It feelslike a snake.这摸上去像是条蛇。would like to do sth.想要做某事prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事would rather dothan do 情愿做而不愿prefer doing(sth.)to(doing)sth.情愿做而不愿enjoy doing sth.喜欢/乐意做某事根据语境感悟其用语(1)他想抽根烟。He feels like a cigarette.(2)我情愿工作到深夜完成这事情也不愿工作没做完就休息。I would rather finish it un

32、til late night than have arest leaving the work unfinished.7、take a risk/risks 冒险根据语境感悟其用法(1)I know that I am takingarisk,but it is allworthwhile.我知道我是在冒险，但这非常值得。(2)He tooktheriskof losing his own life and saved mylife in the cold river.他冒着失去自己生命的危险，在冰冷的河水里救了我的命。at risk 冒风险；处于危险中at the risk of(doing

33、)sth.冒的危险risk doing 冒险做 at ones own risk 自担风险翻译句子(1)为了寻找失踪的小孩，他冒着被困风雪中的危险。In order to search for the lost child,he riskedgetting caught in a snowstorm.(2)任何人在此游泳，后果自负。Anyone swimming in this lake is at his own risk.(3)战争爆发了，许多无辜的民众处于失去生命的危险之中。The war broke out,and many innocent people were at theris

34、k of losing their lives.8、in spite of 不管；尽管根据语境感悟其用法(1)They kept going inspiteof their fears.他们不顾害怕继续前进。(2)Inspiteof the heavy rain,he came on time.尽管雨很大，他还是按时了。in spite ofdespiteregardless of 不管，不顾，尽管；后跟名词、动名词、代词、名词短语等。although 尽管，后跟从句。翻译句子(1)不管别人怎么说，我仍认为他这个人很好。In spite of/Despite/Regardless of wha

35、t others said,I think hes a very nice person.(2)尽管天气不好，他们的假期还是过得极为愉快。They had a wonderful holiday,in spite of/regardlessof/despite the bad weather./Although the weather wasbad,they still had a wonderful holiday.9、As you know,if you do the same thing over and overagain,you begin to do it automaticall

36、y.(P18)正如你所知道的，如果你反复地做同一事情，你就会开始机械的地做它。as 引导非限定性定语从句，代替逗号后面的句子，常译为“正如”。翻译句子：众所周知，中国发生了宏大的变化。As is well known，great changes have taken place inChina.10、When I was taken off the school football teambecause I was unfit,I knew itwastimeto quit smoking.(P18)当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。It is(high/abo

37、ut)time for sb.to do sth.It is(high/about)time that sb.did/should do sth.该某人做某事的时候了。It is high time for us to say goodbye.It is hightime that we should say goodbye.到我们分别的时候了。体验以下有关“time”的句型：(1)Itishightime the teacher dismissed the class.(2)Itwasthesecondtime that the teacher had beeninterrupted.(3)

38、Itwasforthesecondtime that the teacher wasinterrupted.(4)Bythetime I got home,they had finished supper.(5)TherewasatimewhenI was often bullied by myclassmates.(6)Thefirsttime I met her in Shanghai,I fell in lovewith her.翻译句子(1)现在是周六了，你该把工作放下了。Its Saturday already.Its high time for you to putdown you

39、r work.(2)我们该为自己的未做打算了。Its about time that we should plan for our future.单项填空()(3)Its high time that we students even harder atour lessons as the national entrance examination is ingnearer.A.work B.will workC.worked D.have to work()(4)y train arrives in Shanghai at 10 this morning.By that time the p

40、lane I would like to take from there.A.is leaving B.will have leftC.has left D.will leave()(5)Its the second time that I to Shanghai.What great changes!Its ten years since I it lasttime.A.have been;left B.had been;leftC.am;had left D.e;had left()(6)I thought her nice and honest I met her.A.first tim

41、e B.for the first timeC.the first time D.by the first time()(xx 湖南)Johns suess has nothing to do with goodluck.It is years of hard work has made him what he istoday.A.why B.whenC.which D.thatItis only when the disease has progressed to AIDS thata person begins to look sick.(P22)D 考查强调句型。题干为强调句型，被强调局

42、部为years ofhard work，应选 D 项。xx 届高考英语必修四 Unit3 根底稳固复习教案Unit3 根底稳固练习（新人教版必修四）.单词拼写1.If you are(满足于)with such a small suess，youwont make greater progress.答案：content2.In order not to be heard by our English teacher，Ihad to(低语)the good news to my deskmate David.答案：whisper3.Daniel(溜走)out of the classroom t

43、hrough the backdoor when no one was looking，but he was caught by theheadmaster outside.答案：slid4.Hawking is one of the(出色的)scientists in theworld，who puts forward the new theory of the black hole.答案：outstanding5.With Jack(指示)me，I had no difficulty in findingthe famous singers house.答案：directing.选词填空u

44、p to now；cut off；pick up；be content with；be badlyoff1.With the electricity，all the machines had to stopworking.答案：cut off2.He the salary at present，so hes decided to leavethe pany.答案：isnt content with3.Our junior middle school for teachers.答案：is badly off4.，the work has been quite smooth.答案：Up to no

45、w5.I believe things will soon.答案：pick up.易错模块1.No matter how I tried to read it，I just couldntmake of this sentence.A.meaning B.thoughtC.sense D.idea解析：选 C。make sense of 理解，明白。句意：不管我怎么努力读，就是不明白这个句子的意思。2.y aunt always loses her way when she is out byherself，because she has no of direction.A.sense B.f

46、eelingC.touch D.scene解析：选 A。have no sense of direction 是习惯用法，指没有方向感。sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste/touch 视/听/嗅/味/触觉。3.(xx 年高考福建卷)Whats the of having a public openspace where you cant eat，drink or even simply hang outfor a while?A.sense B.matterC.case D.opinion解析：选 A。句意：在这样一个公共场所，你不可以吃、喝，甚至不可以走动，

47、你会有什么样的感觉？sense 感觉；matter 问题；case 情况，状况；opinion 观点。根据题意选 A。4.I am sure David will be able to find the libraryhehas a pretty good of direction.A.idea B.feelingC.experience D.sense解析：选 D。have a sense of.“有感”，句意：我敢肯定戴维能找到图书馆，他有很好的方向感。.语法专练本单元语法v.ing 作表语、定语和宾补1.(xx 年南昌二中月考)On the bank of the river，wefou

48、nd him on a beach，with his eyes on a kite in the sky.A.seated；fixing B.sitting；fixingC.seated；being fixed D.sitting；fixed解析：选 D。考查非谓语动词。第一空用 seated 或 sitting 作宾补，第二空处是 with 复合构造，由 fix ones eyes on sth.可知应用过去分词 fixed。2.Her main job is the office，which means keeping thediary and filling in everybodys

49、appointments.A.managing B.to be managingC.having managed D.managed解析：选 A。此题考查 v.ing 作表语。3.The plan to be carried out next month needs amongthe members of the Labor Union before.A.to discuss；carrying outB.to be discussed；carried outC.discussing；being carried outD.discussed；to be carried out解析：选 C。考查非

50、谓语动词。need 表示“需要”，主语是物时，其后可以接动词的 ing 形式，此时用主动形式表示被动含义；第二空前的 before 在此是介词，其后接名词或动名词，故答案为C。4.At the airport，a man dressed in a black suit wascaught on the clean floor.A.spit B.spittingC.spat D.to spit解析：选 B。现在分词作主语补足语。catch sb.doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”。5.y favourite cartoon character is ickey ouse.Itsso