高中英语语法：定语从句教学案.pdf

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1、学科教师辅导讲义学科教师辅导讲义授课类型授课类型授课日期及时段授课日期及时段T 定语从句基本知识要点C 定语从句专题I IT 解题技巧教学内容教学内容一、同步知识梳理一、同步知识梳理知识点知识点 1 1：定语从句的定义及相关术语：定语从句的定义及相关术语术语定语从句定义说明修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从注意三点：句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。1）把从句看成是一个整体，在主句中做定语；2）其做的是主句中某一个名词或代词的定语；3）其对这个名词或代词起到限定修饰或补充说明的作用。被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。注意三点：1）被定语从句所限定修饰；2）其在主句中；3）其词性是名词

2、或代词。关系词常有三个作用：1）引导定语从句；2）代替先行词；3）在定语从句中充当一定成分。先行词关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。例：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.(that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作 have read 的宾语。)知识点知识点 2 2：关系词关系词关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分thatwhich关系代词whowhomwhose(of whomof which)asw

3、hen(适当介词which)关系副词where(适当介词which)why(for which)知识点知识点 3 3：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句通过下表对比限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句人或物物或主句内容人人人或物的物或主句内容时间地点原因主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语主语、宾语宾语定语主语、宾语状语状语状语非限制性定语从句从句与先行词 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，的关系主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。标 点无逗号有逗号关系代词指人 who(that)whom指物 w

4、hich(that)指人和物的 whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人 who（作主语）whom（作宾语）指物 which人和物的 whose关系代词一般不可省修饰翻译名词或代词定语从句译在被修饰词的前面名词或代词，也可以是整个句子定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子二、同步例题分析二、同步例题分析知识点知识点 1 1：关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法例例 1 1：_ to take the English Evening Course,please fill in this form.A.Those who wantB.Anyone wantsC.Those that wantD.Peo

5、ple want例例 2 2：Li Ming,_to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went withB.with whom I wentC.with who I wentD.I went with him例例 3 3：Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose例例 4 4：Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talkedB.which you talk

6、edC.about that you talkedD.that you talked例例 5 5：The man _has arrived.A.whom I told youB.that I told youC.whom I told you about himD.I told you about知识点知识点 2 2：关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法例例 1 1：This is the hotel _last month.A.which they stayedB.at that they stayedC.where they stayed atD.where they stayed例例 2 2：

7、Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.on which例例 3 3：They didnt explain the reason _ they had canceled the rehearsal.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.which知识点知识点 3 3：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句例例 1 1：Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.

8、A.itB.thatC.whichD.he例例 2 2：Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _dont.2）who,不填B.不填，whoC.who,whoD.不填，不填例例 3 3：It is reported that two schools,_ are being built in my hometown,will open next year.A.they bothB.which bothC.both of the

9、mD.both of which三、三、课堂达标检测课堂达标检测检测题（一）检测题（一）：用适当的关系词填空：用适当的关系词填空1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2.Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3.Mr.Black is going to Beijing in October,_is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _I spent with your family

10、.5.Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6.This is the school _I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8.Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10.Have you ever been

11、to Hangzhou,_lies the West Lake?11.Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12.I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13.There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600

12、years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _I saw you,I recognized(认出)you.18.This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19.This is the way_he did it.20.Who is the student _was late for school today?21.Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22.What else

13、 was there in my brother_you didnt like?23.He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room,the window_faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_the place is always full of women

14、 and children.28.And there is one point _Id like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.检测题（二）检测题（二）：改错：改错1.This is all which I want to say.2.The man who never make mistakes nev

15、er makes anything.3.This is the book about that I told you last time.4.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.5.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport.6.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.7.Is this the classroom which you have classes every day?8.My glasses,w

16、ith which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.9.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned.10.I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.一、专题精讲一、专题精讲知识点知识点 1 1：关系代词和关系副词的选择：关系代词和关系副词的选择例例 1 1：(1)Ill never forget the days_we worked on the farm years ago.Ill ne

17、ver forget the days_we spent on the farm years ago.(2)Pisa is a city_stands a leaning tower.Pisa is a city_has a leaning tower.(3)The reason_he was absent from the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly.The reason_he gave for his absence from the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly.

18、例例 2 2：(1)Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one(2)Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one例例 3 3：You can find whatever you need at the shopping center,_ is always busy at the weekend.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which例例 4 4：Is this

19、the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.he explainedB.what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained例例 5 5：Anyway,that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachels place.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which知识点知识点 2 2：thatthat 和和 whichwhich 的选择的选择例例 1 1：He

20、 talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what例例 2 2：He is the only person _ I want to thank.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./例例 3 3：Its one of the most interesting stories _I have _read.A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever例例 4 4：Ill tell you _he told

21、 me last night.A.all whichB.all whatC.that allD.all例例 5 5：Its the third time _in Nanjing this month.A.that you arrivedB.which you arrivedC.that youve arrivedD.which youve arrived例例 6 6：Who is the man _was there?A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom例例 7 7：Shanghai is no longer the city _it used to be.A.thatB.whic

22、hC.whereD.as例例 8 8：Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what只用只用 thatthat 不用不用 whichwhich 的情况的情况1.1.当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被当先行词为不定代词或者先行词被 any,any,all,all,much,much,There is nothing(that)I can say about it.There is nothing(that)I can say about it.no,little,fewno,little,few 等修

23、饰时。等修饰时。HeHe is is oneone ofof thethe fewfew thatthat cancan workwork it it outout inin fivefiveminutes.minutes.2.2.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisThis is is thethe best basketballbest basketball matchmatch thatthat I I have everhave everseen.seen.3.3.先行词被先行词被 the onlythe only 或或 th

24、e verythe very 修饰时。修饰时。4.4.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。5.5.先行词既包含人又包含物时。先行词既包含人又包含物时。6.6.先行词是疑问代词时。先行词是疑问代词时。7.7.先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。1.1.关关系系词词前前有有介介词词紧紧密密连连接接，指指物物的的只只能能用用介介+which+which。2.2.在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。TheThe onlyonly thingthing thatthat wewe cancan dodo is is toto ask

25、ask ourourteachers help.teachers help.WhenWhen foreignersforeigners talktalk aboutabout China,China,thethe firstfirst thatthatcomes to mind is the Great Wes to mind is the Great Wall.TheyThey talkedtalked aboutabout thethe factoriesfactories andand workersworkers thatthatthey had visited.they had vi

26、sited.WhoWho thatthat youyou havehave everever seenseen cancan beatbeat himhim inin thethegame?game?This is no longer the place that it used to be.This is no longer the place that it used to be.He wrote a book in which we could learn about hisHe wrote a book in which we could learn about hislife.lif

27、e.She heard a terrible noise,which brought her heartShe heard a terrible noise,which brought her heartto her mouth.to her mouth.只用只用 whichwhich 不用不用 thatthat 的情况的情况知识点知识点 3 3：asas 和和 whichwhich 的选择的选择例例 1 1：Whenever I met him,_ was fairly often,I like his sweet and hopeful smile.19.whatB.whichC.that

28、D.when例例 2 2：_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As例例 3 3：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy him.A.asB.thatC.whatD.which例例 4 4：_ has already been pointed out,grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As

29、B.ItC.ThatD.Which例例 5 5：I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what知识点知识点 4 4：whosewhose 的用法的用法例例 1 1：Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.1.which priceB.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose翻译句子：这就是昨晚窗户破掉的那所房子。_._._.知识点知识点 5 5：高考对关系副词

30、：高考对关系副词 wherewhere 的考查的考查例例 1 1：I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that例例 2 2：Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which例例 3 3：Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is lik

31、ely to lose control over the plane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why知识点知识点 6 6：“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句例例 1 1：The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A.for whichB.at whichC.in whichD.on which例例 2 2：I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress.A.whic

32、hB.in whichC.on thatD.on which例例 3 3：In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.thatB.to whoC.from whomD.to whom例例 4 4：The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.1.in thatB.for thatC.in whichD.for which例例

33、 5 5：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.A.of whichB.which ofC.of themD.of that知识点知识点 7 7：the waythe way 作先行词的定语从句作先行词的定语从句以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(that/in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊

34、奇。I dont like the way(that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。例例 1 1：I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the wayB.the way in thatC.the way whichD.the way of which例例 2 2：What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A.in the wayB.in the way thatC.the way thatD.the way which例例 3 3：翻译下列句子：翻译下

35、列句子：他解释给我们的那种方法是简单的。_.他给我们解释这个句子的方式难以理解。_.知识点知识点 8 8：定语从句中的主谓一致：定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中，关系词作主语时，应特别注意主谓一致现象。这时，先行词起决定作用，因为关系词所指即为先行词，主谓一致实际上就是先行词和谓语动词的一致。请看下列各题：(1)I who_your friend,will do everything I can to help you.(2)He is the only one of us who_fond of such things.1.He is one of us who_fond of such th

36、ings.批注：批注：1)1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.2)one of2)one of复数名词关系代词复数动词；而复数名词关系代词复数动词；而

37、the only one ofthe only one of 复数名词关系代词单数动词；复数名词关系代词单数动词；not the only onenot the only oneof.=one of.of.=one of.（前面的两个是重点，（前面的两个是重点，not the only one of.not the only one of.不是常考点，要求学生理解。不是常考点，要求学生理解。）3)3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词 asas 或或 whichwhich 代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He

38、 has passed the exam,which makes us surprised.He has passed the exam,which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.4)4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。To own a TV set

39、in each family,which we think was impossible 30 years ago,now has become true.To own a TV set in each family,which we think was impossible 30 years ago,now has become true.例例 1 1：用所给词的正确形式填空1.He is one of the students who_(have)passed the exam.2.He is the only one of the students who_(have)passed th

40、e exam.3.He is not the only one of the students who_(have)passed the exam.4.The idea,which I think _(be)reasonable,was brought up by Tom yesterday.5.I still remember the teachers and the school that_(be)talked of yesterday evening.二、专题过关二、专题过关检测题（一）检测题（一）：1.I have bought such a watch _ was advertise

41、d on TV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it2.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.on which;when3.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./4.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A.in whichB.with whichC.

42、thatD.for which5.This machine,_for many years,is still working perfectly.A.after which I have lookedB.which I have looked afterC.that I have looked afterD.I have looked after6.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.for that;thatD.for which;what7.He is working hard,_will make

43、 him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who8.That is not the way _I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which9.I have two grammars,_are of great use.A.all of whichB.either of whichC.both of thatD.both of which10.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A.as wasB.whi

44、ch wasC.as wereD.which11.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble,_ was very kind of them.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it12.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A.thatB.whichC.from thatD.from which13.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as14.You can

45、 depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose15.Smoking,_ is a bad habit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though16.-Did you ask the guard _ happened?-Yes,he told me all _ he knew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that17.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the fa

46、rm with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which18.The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are19.During the days _,he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followedB.followingC.to followD.that followed20.Is oxy

47、gen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it21.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_ he could see _ was going on inside house.A.which;whatB.through which;what C.through that;whatD.what;that22.Is _ some German friends visited last week?A.this schoolB.this the schoolC.this school oneD.th

48、is school where23.John got beaten in the game,_ had been expected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who24.I have bought two ball pens,_ writes well.A.none of themB.neither of themC.neither of whichD.none of which25.All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A.are beingB.has beenC.had beenD.have been三、学法提炼三、学法提炼1 1、专题特点：、专题特点

49、：1)注重考查关系代词和关系副词的基本功能和用法；2)重点考查多种从句的区别，具体语境中的运用；3)题目在句意上紧跟时代，在结构上越来越复杂。2 2、解题方法：、解题方法：1）一找：找出先行词（在主句中找名词或代词）；2）二放：把先行词放到从句中；3）三判断：判断先行词在从句中所作的成分。3 3、注意事项：、注意事项：1）准确掌握关系代词和关系副词的基本意义和用法；2）正确划分句子结构；3）结合语境选定所需要的关系词。(3)(3)能力培养能力培养例题例题：Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone

50、calls which experts point out is misleading for theaverage business,but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker-facilities such asvoice-mail and call forwarding,which provide a continuity of the company image for customers and business partners.方法总结：关注定