大学英语四级考试翻译辅导讲义.pdf

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1、大学英语四级考试翻译题概述大学英语四级考试翻译题概述词汇语法为主要考点词汇语法为主要考点:考察对原文的理解能力，英文的表达能力和语言的组织能力这三方面的综合运用。考点主要集中在语法结构，重点词汇和固定搭配上。核心语法考点最重要的是虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构，从句知识，非谓语动词，动名词。固定搭配考点：名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配。最重要的是常见的固定词组和固定表达。翻译题分值：翻译题分值：142-106.5=35.5142-106.5=35.5先后和速度：先后和速度：适合自己。至多一分钟一个。适合自己。至多一分钟一个。译文常见错误：译文常见错误：1.1.

2、译文复杂化译文复杂化 2.2.丢译漏译丢译漏译3.3.基础知识掌握不扎实（单词拼写错误、混用搭配、时态人称混乱）基础知识掌握不扎实（单词拼写错误、混用搭配、时态人称混乱）翻译题解题步骤：翻译题解题步骤：理解：理清句式结构，对原文进行主谓结构分析将整个句子翻译成汉语，确定考点是什么（时态，语态，语理解：理清句式结构，对原文进行主谓结构分析将整个句子翻译成汉语，确定考点是什么（时态，语态，语法点，重点单词）法点，重点单词）表达表达:根据上下文，确定英语句型、措辞将空缺部分翻译补充成完整通顺的英语句子（抓住句子主干，先翻根据上下文，确定英语句型、措辞将空缺部分翻译补充成完整通顺的英语句子（抓住句子主

3、干，先翻译动词，再添枝加叶，以简洁为原则。译动词，再添枝加叶，以简洁为原则。）校核：通读全句，注意协调性，查看有无漏译，错译、单词拼写错误、混用搭配、时态人称混乱校核：通读全句，注意协调性，查看有无漏译，错译、单词拼写错误、混用搭配、时态人称混乱备考翻译题几点建议：备考翻译题几点建议：1.1.在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_,mother often takes on more work than is good for her【考点

4、剖析】对于为了挣钱供我上学的表达，我们可以说To earn money for my education;To earnmoney for my schooling;In order to make money to finance my education;In order to make money to fund myeducation;In order to earn money to afford my education等。表达多样化，与四级考试中翻译和写作题型相关。2.2.绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点。绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项

5、选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点。例：The author was required tosubmitsubmit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.上面这道题是 2004 年 1 月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，同学们不难发现，句中的 submit(提交)这个考点词在 2006 年 6 月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，希望引起考

6、生重视。例 1)He gave a pledge gave a pledge to handle handle the affairs in a friendly mannerin a friendly manner.【考点探究】本题为 2003 年 6 月四级考试的词汇单选题，handle the affairs in a friendly manner(以友好的方式处理事务)是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。因为在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：第一，givea pledge to do sth(承诺做某事)；第二，handle(处理)这个核心动词的用法；第三，in.manner(以.

7、方式)这个重要短语；考生一定要清楚，在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。例 2)You will notbe particular aboutbe particular aboutyour food in time of great hunger【考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用 be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。3.3.多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一

8、举两得。多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。4.4.强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。5.5.深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。翻译真题解析翻译真题解析四级考试样卷翻译试题四级考试样卷翻译试题 CET-4 Authoritative Sample TestCET-4 Authoritative Sample Test87.The

9、substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热).88.Not only _(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job either.89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).90.On average,it is said,visitors spend only _(一半的钱)in aday in Leeds as in London.91.By contrast,American mothers were more likely _(把

10、孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.87.whether(it is)heated or not表让步的条件状语从句及省略式，被动语态。不管是否加热，这种物质都不溶于水。88.did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me 并列倒装句。向收费 charge sb.；收费过高 charge sb.too much 或 overcharge sb.他不仅向我收费过高，而且修得也不好。pared with mine/in comparison with mine一个带比较状语的系表结构。与相比。与我的相比，你今年生意上的损失根本算不了什么。9

11、0.half as much(money)一个带插入句的简单句。数量比较表达法。据说，游客在利兹旅游时，平均每天的花费只及在伦敦旅游所花费的一半。91.to attribute/owe their childrens success to 一个带不定式的系表结构。把归功于，不要忘记 to。相反，美国母亲更可能把孩子的成功归因于自然天赋。20102010 年年 6 6 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87.Because of the noise outside,Nancy had great difficulty _(集中注意力在实验上).88.The manage

12、r never laughed;neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气).89.We look forward to _(被邀请出席开幕式).90.It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).91.The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _(她父母的强烈反对).87.(in)concentrating on the experiment/focusing her attention on the experiment88.did she bec

13、ome angry/did she lose her temper before89.being invited to attend the opening ceremony90.(should)be fixed/installed by the window91.the strong opposition of her parents/her parents strong opposition20092009 年年 1212 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87.You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做).88.Des

14、pite the hardship he encountered,Mark never _(放弃对知识的追求).89.Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90.Production has to be increased considerably to _(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).91.The more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒).87.had followed/obeyed my instructions/orders【理解】本句的主语是 You。谓语动词是 wou

15、ld not have failed。if you had followed myinstructions 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。汉译：如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。【表达】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。if 从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现 would+have 的形式，从句中应该采用 had+过去分词的结构。“按照的指令”可表达为 follow my instructions/orders。根据主句的 would not have failed 结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是 had+done 结构，所以答案为 you had followe

16、d myinstructions/orders。88.gave up pursuing knowledge/abandoned the pursuit of knowledge【理解】本句的主语是 Mark。谓语是 gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship heencountered 是 despite 引导的状语成分。汉译：尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。【表达】本题考查“放弃”give up（doing）sthencounter the hardship 也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去

17、时。“对知识的追求”可译为 pursuing knowledge 或 the pursuit of knowledge。89.before we find the methods of/for curing cancers/before we find the cure for cancer【理解】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，that it will be a long time是 that 引导的宾语从句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是 before 引导的时间状语从句。汉译：科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找

18、到治愈癌症的方法。【表达】。理解并运用 before。before 引导的状语从句。句型 A：it+be+一段时间+before：意思是“要过很久才会”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months;it will be a long time before we meet them again.实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间;他们过很久才会再见面。句型 B：it was some time before：意思是“在之前过了一段时间”。例：He was told that it would be at leas

19、t three more months before he could recoverand return to work.他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。“治愈”可译为 cure，而不应译为 treat。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时90.keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers 或 keep up with theconstantly growing needs of consumers【理解】本句的主语是 Production，谓语是 has to be increased

20、，后面的 to keep pace withthe constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的状语。汉译：只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。【表达】固定搭配“与保持同步”，可以翻译为keep pace with 或 keep up with。keep pace with和并驾齐驱，跟上 例：We must workhard to keep pace with the development of modern technology.我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。keep up with 赶得上，和保持联系 例：Stud

21、ents must work hard tokeep up with their school work.学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。“不断增长的”，可以翻译为 increasing，growing 或 rising。“需求”可翻译为 demands 或 needs。“消费者”翻译为 consumer。91.the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold【理解】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是 You。谓语是 will have。“越越”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子。若 the mor

22、e修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于the more 后。【表达】本题主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法与the more，the more 一致，可翻译为“越越”。固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为 be likely to do sth;固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为 catch a cold。20092009 年年 6 6 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and Engl

23、ish.88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary_(就不会被大雨淋了).89.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _（更有可能增加体重).90._(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football inparticular.91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).87.diff

24、iculty(in)catching up with his classmates88.wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain89.more likely to put on/gain weight90.What many people dont realize/havent realized/are not aware of/are unaware of91.closely related/relative to the lack of exercise20082008 年年 1212 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题

25、87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没有答案).88._(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possiblefor their children.89.Youdbettertakeasweaterwithyou_(以防天气变冷).90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_(决定自己创业).91.The anti-virus agent was not know

26、n_(直到一名医生偶然发现了它).87.to which they have no solutions/answers so far/up to now/till nowthat they havent found answers to88.What most parents are concerned about/with89.in case/lest it(should)turn cold 或 in case it gets/turns cold/in case of temperature drop90.decided to launch/establish/found/start th

27、eir own enterprises/to start their ownbusinesses/undertakings/projects91.until a doctor discovered/found/it by chance/accidentallyuntil it was accidentally found by a doctor/happened to discover it/chanced upon it 主语20082008 年年 6 6 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87.Our efforts will pay off if the res

28、ults of this research _(能应用于新技术的开发).88.I cant boot my computer now.Something _(一定出了什么毛病)with itsoperation system.89.Leaving ones job,_(不管是什么工作),is a difficult change,even forthose who look forward to retiring.90._(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous andexciting.91._(直到他完成使命)did he realize that h

29、e wasseriously ill.87.can be applied to the research and development of new technology88.must be wrong89.no matter what（job）it is/whatever（job）it is/no matter what the job is90.Compared with/In comparison with the place(in which/where)I grew up/I was brought up91.Not until he had finished/accomplish

30、ed/fulfilled/completed the/his mission20072007 年年 1212 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87._（多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this diseasesuccessfully.88.In my sixties,one change I notice is that_(我比以前更容易累了）.89.I am going to pursue this course,_（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepa

31、rtmentstorebecause_（它更加方便和省时）.91.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life _（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn.87.Thanks to/Owing to/As a result of a series of new inventions88.I am more inclined/liable to/prone to(tiredness)/likely to get/feel tired/exhausted thanbefore 或 I f

32、eel/get tired more easily than before89.no matter what sacrifice I shall/have to make 或 whatever sacrifice I will makewhatever I may have to sacrifice90.the former/it is more convenient and time-saving91.is measured/evaluated by how much(money)they can borrow20072007 年年 6 6 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真

33、题翻译试题87.The finding of this study failed to _(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _(我们可以合作的领域).89.Because of the leg injury,the athlete_(决定退出比赛).90.To make donations or for more information,please _(按以下地址和我们联系).91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).87.take peoples

34、sleep quality into account/consideration/consider88.the field where/in which we can cooperate/of our cooperation89.decided to quit the match90.contact us at the following address91.if it is convenient for you/at your convenience/youre available then20062006 年年 1212 月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题月大学英语四级考试真题翻译试题87.S

35、pecialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活).88.Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89.The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken tohospital in time.90.Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91.The nations population continues to rise

36、 _(以每年 1200 万人的速度).87.adjust/adapt to life in a different cultureadapt oneself to living in different culturesadapt to lives in different culturesadapt to the life in the different cultureadapt oneself to life in different kinds of culturebe adapted to the life in different culturesget used/be accus

37、tomed to life in a different cultureadjust to lives in/of different cultures88.nothing attracts me more than readingnothing is more attractive to me than readingto me,nothing is more attractive than readingnothing attracts me so much as readingnothing but/other than/except reading can attract me so

38、muchnothing is more appealing to me than reading booksreading appeals to me more than anything else/anythingreading is the most attractive(thing)(to/for me)89.would have/stand a chance to survivewould have a chance of survivingwould have survivedcould have been savedwould have been able/likely to su

39、rvivewould have had a chance to stay alivemight have had chances to survive90.are likely to/may/might feel lonely when(they are)away from home/not in their hometownmight/may suffer from loneliness while(being/staying)away from homecould feel lonely when they are out of home/not at home(who are)away

40、from home may feel lonelymay feel alone when away from home91.at a speed/rate of12 million per/a/each yearat an annual speed/rate of 12 million/12,000,000at the rate of 12 million people annuallyby 12 million yearly20062006 年年 6 6 月月 2424 大学英语新四级考试真题翻译试题大学英语新四级考试真题翻译试题87.Having spent some time in th

41、e city,he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).88._(为了挣钱供我上学),mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89.The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.90.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).91.Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.87.finding his/the way to the

42、 History Museum88.In order to make/earn/get money for my education/schooling/study89.we hand in/turn in/submit our research reports90.the more confused I am/become/get91.he was laid off/fired/sacked/dismissed/kicked out by his company翻译题强化练习翻译题强化练习六级考试样卷翻译试题六级考试样卷翻译试题72.It was essential that_(我们在月底前

43、签订合同).73.To our delight,she_(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).74.The new government was accused_(未实现其降低失业率的承诺).75.The workmen think_(遵守安全规则很重要).76.The customer complained that no sooner(他刚试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了).六级考试样卷翻译试题答案六级考试样卷翻译试题答案72.we sign the contract before the end of the month虚拟语气 It 为形式主语，desirable，essential，imp

44、erative，important，necessary，proper,strange做主语表语时，从句谓语动词用虚拟式should do 或省略 should。最要紧的是我们在月底前签订合同。73.adapted(herself)to campus life a month after entering college适应，时间状语结构。令我们高兴的是，她进大学一个月就适应了大学生活。74.of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rateAccuse 的用法；否定结构“未实现”可以采用“反说正译”failure

45、to fulfill；调整汉语语序，“承诺”提前。新政府被职责未兑现其降低失业率的承诺。75.it very important to comply withfollow the safety regulationsThink+形式主语 it+形容词+真正的主语（不定式结构）。工人们认为遵守安全规则很重要。76.had he tried to use the machine than it stopped working一个倒装结构的宾语从句no sooner than(一就)。用“反说正译”翻译“不运转”。消费者抱怨说”20102010 年年 6 6 月真题月真题82._(他们的独生儿子从未

46、想过)to leave them and strike out on his ownthough he is in his late twenties.83.Before you take any action,please remember to _(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.He assured his friend that under no circumstances _(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Most educators advise that kids _(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Business major as he is,he has _(从未考虑过从事推销

47、员工作).82.Their only son has never thought83.weigh your decision against its possible consequences84.would he break his promise/commitment to pay back the money85.should not be addicted to computer games./should not indulge themselves in computer games/should not abandon themselves to computer games86

48、.never considered working as a salesman20092009 年年 1212 月真题月真题82.How long does a jacket like this last me?_(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.The theory he advanced has proved _(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84.The manager _(本可以亲自参加会议),but he was calledaway for some urgent business abroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehavesho

49、wnthata_(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much _(我感到遗憾),I was unable to finish the work on time.82.It depends on how often you wear it83.to be a challenge to many traditional concepts84.could have attended the meeting in person(by himself)85.balanced diet is essential to health86.to my regret20092009 年年 6 6 月真题月真

50、题82.With the oil prices ever rising,she tried to talk _(说服他不买车).83._(保持幽默感有助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todayscompetitive society.84.When confronted with the evidence,_(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).85.Whenpeoplesay“Icanfeelmyearsburning”,itmeanstheythink_(一定有人在说他们的坏话).86.She has decided to go o