高三英语语法复习系列讲解--名词性从句详解.pdf

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1、名词性从句详解名词性从句详解名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句的用法主语从句的用法一.主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语 it。1.That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.2.Whether he will come hasnt been d

2、ecided.=It hasnt been decided whether he will come.注意:连词 that,whether 在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if 不可用来引导主语从句）二.用 it 作形式主语的结构(1)It is名词从句It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识(2)It is形容词从句(多用 should)It is natural that很自然It is strange that奇怪的是(3)It is 不及物动词从句It se

3、ems that似乎It happened that碰巧 It appears that似乎(4)It is 过去分词从句It is reported that据报道It has been proved that 已证实It is said that据说it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:判断:It is a pity that you didnt go to see t

4、he film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window宾语从句的用法：宾语从句的用法：句子结构：主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句连接词:从属连词 that,whether,if连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what连接副词 where,how,why,when一.连词(引导词)1.当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that

5、在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Jane said(that)she wasnt late for the meeting.2.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由特殊疑问词充当连接词,因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived3.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词 whether 或 if 引导(口语中常用 if),因为if/whether 翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。Li

6、ly wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.Lets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city注意:关联词只能用 whether 不能用 if 表示“是否”的情况如下：A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B)在主语从句中，只有用it

7、作形式主语时,whether 和 if 都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用 whether。如:Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.It hasnt been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)如:It all depends(on)whether they will support us.D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E)后面紧接 or no

8、t 时。如：We didnt know whether or notshe was ready.关联词 if,whether 均可使用的情况如下：A)引导宾语从句。如：I wonder if(whether)the news is true or not.B)在“be+形容词”之后。如：He was not sure whether(if)it is right or wrong.宾语从句要注意的几个问题1.时态呼应2.否定转移:3.形式宾语 it 的使用注:在 think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。I dont think he will see you.I dont believe he will go.注:在接复合宾语的句子中(S+Vt+O+Oc),为了保持句子平衡,用 it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾,常接复合宾语的动词有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.I think it a pity to waste the food