高考英语语法专题复习讲义-名词性从句 .pdf

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1、高中语法精讲名词性从句高中语法精讲名词性从句了解这样的从句前，我们先回忆下英语中常见的句子成分：了解这样的从句前，我们先回忆下英语中常见的句子成分：主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语（再念叨一遍：理解英语中的句子成分对于长难句的理解是很有用的，阅读能力会进步飞快）那么问题来了：这些句子成分中，哪些可能是名词呢？那么问题来了：这些句子成分中，哪些可能是名词呢？换句话说，名词能做哪些成分呢？换句话说，名词能做哪些成分呢？主语，宾语，表语和同位语是名词最中意的位置啦！主语，宾语，表语和同位语是名词最中意的位置啦！如果把名词改为句子，那不就是从句了吗？有名词性功能的句子我们就给个高大上的名字如果把名词

2、改为句子，那不就是从句了吗？有名词性功能的句子我们就给个高大上的名字名词性从句：名词性从句：包括主语从句包括主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句来看个句子：Playing football is interesting.这里动名词做主语。那按刚才说的，名词改为句子：That we play football together is interesting.that 引导的从句 that we play football together 在句子中是整个作了主语，所以这句就是主语从句一、名词性从句一、名词性从句1 1、名词性从句中的易错点、名词性从句中的易错点（1

3、1）thatthat 的用法。的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用 thatthat 但不能省略。如：但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词 thatthat 有时可省有时又不可省，有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中在以下几种情况

4、中 thatthat 不能省略：不能省略：（A）当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略；（B）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that 不能省；（C）当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understandwineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than th

5、e others do.thatthat 从句作主语和宾语时，可以用从句作主语和宾语时，可以用 it it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that（B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonderthat.（C）It is said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happensthat。如：It happened that I went out last nigh

6、t.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.thatthat 和和 whatwhat 的区别。的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake.Do what he says.同位语从句与定语从句中同位语从句与定语从句中 thatthat 的区别。的区别。同位语从句中的连词 that

7、只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词 that 而不能用 which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope she exp

8、ressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）（2 2）whetherwhether 和和 if if 的用法。的用法。whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he hadarrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the

9、meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether 可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if 不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can doit or not.whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能。如：The question of whether they are m

10、ale or female is not impor-tant.I have not decided whetherto go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether 不用 if。如：Thank you,but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而 if 不能。如：Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.（3 3）疑问词）疑问词+ever+ever 和和 no matter+

11、no matter+疑问词的区别。疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词+ever 还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished,Whatever you do,you must do it well.no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do,you mu

12、st do it well.No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished.（4 4）whenwhen 和和 wherewhere 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.

13、2 2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London.How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一

14、个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3 3、名词性从句的词序、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that wel

15、l move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.精典名题导解精典名题导解选择填空1.A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when2.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?3.I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.A.itB.that

16、C.theseD.them4.I think Father would like to know I ve been up to so far,so I decide tosend him a quicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how5.We cannot figure outquite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,our astronauts des

17、ire do is walk inspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how100100 题练习题练习1.His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A.thatB.the fact whichC.the fact thatD.the fact2.“Is Mary from New York City”“I dont know _.”A.from what city does she come fromB.from what city she comeC.what city does she come fromD

18、.what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4.The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A.because I gotB.because of gettingC.I gotD.that I got5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for6.Henry killed the dog.I

19、ll ask him why _.A.did he do thatB.he did thatC.he didD.he has done so7.Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A.how he is getting alongB.how is he getting alongC.what he is getting alongD.what is he getting along8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.how

20、everB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever9.He asked me _ with me.A.what is the troubleB.what wrong wasC.what was the matterD.what trouble it is10.I am sure _ he said is true.A.thatB.about thatC.of thatD.that what11.When and why he came here _ yet.A.is not knownB.are not knownC.has not knownD.have not bee1

21、2.I wonder how much _.A.does the watch costB.did the watch costC.the watch costedD.the watch costs13.Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A.afraid ofB.afraid aboutC.afraid thatD.afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes lateB.Owing to a few minutes lateC.The fac

22、t that she was a few minutes lateD.Being a few minutes late15.They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A.that not all things can be doneB.because of not all things be doneC.being not all things can be doneD.because not all things can be done16.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory atten

23、dant had been careless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17.I dont doubt _ hell come.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether18.“Why did you go to the wrong class,Mr.Wang”“Well,I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A.which the roomB.which roomC.what was the roomD.what room was it19.Output is now six times _ it was before l

24、iberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.of which20.Mary:Helen is a mere washer woman,yet shes now buying a big house.Carol:Yes.Because shes always saved _.A.what little she earnsB.how little she earnsC.for little she earnsD.with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could pl

25、ay the violin so well.A.ThatwhatB.WhatthatC.ThatwhichD.Whatwhich22.We gave him _ help we could.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23.She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A.thatB.whichC.all whatD.all that24.Excuse me would you please tell me _A.when the sports meet is taken place

26、B.when is the sports meet going to be heldC.when is the sports meet to beginD.when the sports meet is to take place25.Do you happen to know _A.what size shoes he wearsB.how big shoes he wearsC.what is the size of his shoesD.what number shoes are his26.This book will show you _ can be used in other c

27、ontexts.A.how you have observedB.how what you have observedC.that you have observedD.how that you have observed27.Where do you think _A.has he goneB.has he beenC.hes goneD.was he28.Do you know _A.how many populations there are in the worldB.how much population there is in the worldC.how many the pop

28、ulation of the world isD.what the population of the world is29.Would you go and see _ outsideA.what to take placeB.what Tom has happenedC.what is happeningD.what the matter had been30.The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him.is_.A.whatB.interestingC.What is interestingD.I31.

29、_ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think he isB.Do you think who he isC.Whom do you think he isD.Do you think who he is32.He didnt know which room _.A.they livedB.they lived inC.did they liveD.did they live in33.The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.no matter what34.The

30、 city is no longer _.A.what it isB.that it used to beC.which it wasD.what it used to be35.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A.IfdoB.ThatdoC.IfdoesD.Thatdoes37._ was the idea _ the wife thought ofA.Whatthat

31、B.ThatwhatC.HowwhyD.Whyhow38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to doA.ThatwhatB.WhatthatC.WherewhichD.Whichwhere39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what thatB.that whatC.that whichD.which that40.I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which41.“D

32、o you know _”“His father is a doctor.”A.what is his fatherB.who is his fatherC.what his father isD.who his father is42.Is this _ we met each other two years agoA.placeB.place in whichC.whereD.place which43.It _ Bob drives badly.A.thinks thatB.is thought whatC.thought thatD.is thought that44.We all k

33、now the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight there are living things.A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.that wherever45.They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46.She asked _.A.what I was doing when she rang me upB.what was I doing when she rang me upC.w

34、hen she rang me up what I was doingD.when did she ring me up what I was doing47.May I borrow the ringYou can take _ you like.A.no matter what B.whichC.whicheverD.that48.He said that he was fond of _.A.what beautiful isB.what is beautifulC.beautiful is whatD.what it is beautiful49.He insisted that he

35、 _ in good health and _ to work there.A.was,be sentB.is,is sentC.be,was sentD.be,send50.Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose51.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how52.They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A.e

36、xceptB.except forC.except thatD.but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A.Whichever is hardB.No matter what is hardC.What is hardD.All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which55.As the day was fine,I made the suggestion _ f

37、or a walk in the park.A.we goB.we will goC.should we goD.that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what57._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether58.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A

38、.how they were excitedB.how excited they wereC.how excited were theyD.they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where60._he really means is _he disagrees with us.A.What thatB.That whatC.Why thatD.If what61._is going to do the job will be decided b

39、y the Party committee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who62._ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That63._ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What64._ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This65._ you come or no

40、t is up to you.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether66._ makes mistakes must correct them.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody67._ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How68.Three days later,word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where69.

41、The problem is _will go to the meeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A.even ifB.as ifC.even thoughD.like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why73.We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yeste

42、rday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how75.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A.isB.areC.wereD.was76.Can you tell me _A.who is that gentlemanB.that gentleman is whoC.who that gentleman isD.whom is that gentleman77._leave

43、s the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.AnyoneB.The personC.WhoeverD.Who78.It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.A.that what,when,and howB.thatC.whatD.how79.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such80.Jack was soon told _ he did was

44、not necessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.why what81.We should think carefully about _ Mr.Needham said at the meeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X82.Can you point out _ two radios are the bestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether83.You will easily know _ video recorders(录相机)are the same.A.what thoseB.that of thoseC.that all

45、 ofD.which of those84._ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When85.I asked her in English _ she was,and she told me _ she was an actress.A.whothatB.whoXC.whatXD.howthat86.She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when87.We think

46、it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.how88.Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in(沉下)under the heavy traffic.A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that89.At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A.ifB.howC.whichD.that how90.

47、Last Sunday he promised _ today,but he hasnt appeared yet.A.that he would comeB.that he will comeC.he will come to see meD.whether he would come91.Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A.ifB.thatC.that ifD.whether92.Do you have any idea _A.when Miss Smith will arriv

48、eB.when will Miss Smith arriveC.how will Miss Smith arriveD.why hasnt Miss Smith arrived93.I have almost forgotten _.A.how Mr.Taylors likeB.what Mr.Taylors face is likeC.what Mr.Taylors face isD.which Mr.Taylors face is like94.The true value of life is not in _,but _.A.how you get that you giveB.whi

49、ch you got what you giveC.what you get what you giveD.what do yougetwhat do you give95.Do you know _A.what is this used forB.what this is used forC.which this is usedD.that this is used for96._ surprised me most was _.A.Thatthat she spoke Japanese so wellB.Whathow could she speak Japanese so wellC.W

50、hatthat she spoke Japanese so wellD.Thatwhy she could speak Japanese so well97._ is to dance.A.That interests Mary reallyB.Which really interests Mary.C.What really interests MaryD.What really interest Mary98.We were greatly amused by _.A.what you have told usB.which you had told usC.what you told u