高三英语定语从句教学案(教师版).pdf

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1、高三英语定语从句复习学案Step 1 Preparation before class:Step 1 Preparation before class:定语从句的基本概念：定语从句的基本概念：*什么叫定语从句？*什么叫先行词？*什么叫关系代词和关系副词？*只用关系代词 that 的情况？*只用关系代词 which 的情况？*先行词为人时只用 who/whom 的情况？*关系代词 as 和 that 的区别？*关系副词 where/when/why用法？*什么叫限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句？Step 2 Display and discussion:Step 2 Display and di

2、scussion:AsAs 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.1.作关系代词作关系代词 suchsuch、soso 连用（这时连用（这时 asas 的作用接近的作用接近 who,whichwho,which）比较：比较：sothatsothat引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句“如此如此以至于以至于”I never give the students so difficult problemsthey can not work out.(as)I never give the students so difficult problemsthey can not work it out.(tha

3、t)We had hoped to give you a chancesuch assuch as nobody else ever had.(such 和 as 可以连在一起用)2.the same2.the same 和和 asas 连用以及连用以及 the samethe same 和和 thatthat 连用连用She wears the samethe same kind of clothes asas her sister usually does.比较：比较：The pen is the same asthe same as I lost.和 The pen is the sam

4、e thatthe same that I lost.3.3.引起下面习惯用语中引起下面习惯用语中as anybody can see,as is well known,as is known to all,as is known/reported/announced,as has been said before,as is mentioned above,as is shown/stated/written in the passage，as may be imagined 可以想像得出as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的Sophia was not uncons

5、cious,as could be judged from her eyes.He is absent,as is often the case.As was expected,he performed the task with success.He was a foreigner,as I knew from his accent.David is tall,as are my brothers.He is a teacher,as is clear from his manner.注意：当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用注意：当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用 whichwhich

6、而不能用而不能用 asasHe is absent,as is expected.He is absent,which is unexpected.He is absent,which is not expected比较：比较：_ is known to everybody,_ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month._ is_ is known to everybody thatthat the moon travels round the earth once every month._

7、 is known to everybody is thatis that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.Which(BAC)衔接高考衔接高考1._ has been announced,we shall have our final exams next month.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which2.He told me to start work,_ I did not follow.A.asB.whatC.thisD.which3._ is reported in the n

8、ewspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it5.She was kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy him.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which6._is often

9、the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As17.Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which8.Ill never forget the years_ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effecton my life.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who1-4 B

10、DBA5-8DDB用用 asas 翻译句子翻译句子1.如上图所示，中国有越来越多的人拥有私家车。As is shown in the chart above,more and more people own private cars in China.2.众所周知，英语是国际交往中的工作语言之一。As is known to evryone,English is one of the working languages in international communication.3.我们都知道 学校是我们学习生活的场所，我们应该美化它以使我们生活得更舒服。As we all know,the

11、 school is the site where we live and study.We should beautify it to make our lifemore comfortable.4.正如图 1 所示，越来越多的毕业生选择中国的西部作为实现梦想之地。As is shown in Figure 1,an increasing number of graduates choose the west of China as a dream.5.大家都知道，考试作弊是违反学校校规的行为。As we all know,cheating in the exam is the acting

12、 against school regulations.WhichWhich 作关系代词作关系代词1.1.可以指代具有某种职业或特点的人。可以指代具有某种职业或特点的人。He looks like a Russian,you are not.(which)He is a football player,I also want to be.(which)介词提前的定语从句介词提前的定语从句A A根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。如：This is not the bookwhich the teacher spoke in class(of)The two th

13、ingswhich they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.(of)This is the manwhom my father often talks.(about)The only thingwhich they felt proud is the world cup.(of)The gentlemanwhom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief(about)In the dark street，there wasnt a single personwhom she could

14、 turn for help(to)They gave a medal to Tom,achievements we were very proud.(of whose)B B根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。如：Ill never forget the daywhich I first met him.(on)Can you find a proper situationwhich the expression can be used?(in)Is this the housewhich Shakespeare was born?(in)Human facial e

15、xpressions differ from those of animals in the degreewhich they can becontrolled on purpose.(to)解析：解析：人的面部表情在某种程度上不同于动物的面部表情，人类在某种程度上能有意控制自己的面部表情。Human facial expressions can be controlled on purpose to a degreeto a degree.to a degreeto a degree 意为“某种程度上意为“某种程度上”Our journey lasted three months,durin

16、gwhich time we visited several places of interestThey stayed with us three weeks,duringwhich time they drank all the wine I hadC C有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。如：He doesnt forget the room,which he was often called for punishment.(in)The clever boy made a hole in the wall,

17、which he could see what was happeninginside the house(through)The stories about the famous scientists,which this is one example,are well written(of)Lincoln,whom life was once hard,we elected President of America.(to)Please give me a boxwhich I could feed my rabbit.(in)2Please give me a boxwhich I co

18、uld stand to reach the apples.(in)D.D.“复合介词短语复合介词短语+关系代词关系代词 which”which”引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。如：词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。如：He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree注意：注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：This is the pen which Im loo

19、king forThis is the pen which Im looking for不可以说：This is the pen for which Im lookingThis is the pen for which Im looking高考衔接高考衔接1.There are hundreds of islands _ the coast Fujian,the biggest of _ is not far from themain land.A.on;whichB.off;themC.off;whichD.on;them2.People have lots of problems liv

20、ing in the central Australian desert,_ getting water is themost serious.A.of whichB.whichC.for whichD.where3.There are two rooms on the first floor,_ is used as a guest room.A.a smaller of whichB.a smaller of themC.the smaller of whichD.the smaller of them4.Recently my father bought a Chinese painti

21、ng,_ was very reasonable.A.the price of whoseB.whichC.the price of whichD.its price5.It is said that we will move into the new school next term,_ it will be completely finished.A.by which timeB.by that timeC.by this timeD.by the time6.Without facts,we can t form correct opinions,for we need to have

22、knowledge _our thinking.A.which to be based onB.which to base onC.on which to baseD.which to base7.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.A.of whichB.during whichC.from whichD.for which8.He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went on to C

23、ambridge.A.from whichB.after thatC.after whichD.from this9.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A.for whichB.at whichC.in whichD.on which10.Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands.A.thatB.in whichC.by whichD.how11.Th

24、e place_the bridge is going to be built should be_the traffic is the heaviest.A.which;whereB.at which;whichC.at which;whereD.which;in which12.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they arebeing trained.A.in thatB.for thatC.in whichD.for which1-5CACCA 6-1

25、0CACCB 11-12CD是用关系代词还是用关系副词，要看关系词在从句中做什么成分是用关系代词还是用关系副词，要看关系词在从句中做什么成分Do you still remember the daysthe dayswe spentspent in Qingdao?which/that关系代词 that/which 代替先行词 the days 作从句谓语动 spent 的宾语Do you still remember the daysthe dayswe spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?when从句中不缺主语或宾语，因此要用关系副词 when，在从句

26、中作状语The schoolThe schoolwe visited yesterday is a four-star one.which/thatThe schoolThe schoolwe visited our English teacher is a four-star one.whereThe schoolThe schoolwe study is a four-star one.where在非正式场合，thatthat 可代替 wherewhere，whenwhen，whywhy；常见的情况是：此时的先行词通常是thetheplaceplace，the timethe time，t

27、he reasonthe reason，而且 thatthat 常可省略。如：This is the place(that)he works(=where)That was the time(that)he arrived(=when)This is the reason(that)he came(=why)wherewhere 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句地点名词后面常用 wherewhere 引导定语从句，意为“地方”3This is the town wherethe town where I was born.The business whereThe business where h

28、e is working is a big one.Ill never forget the farm wherethe farm where I used to work with my family.The campus,whereThe campus,where I had a walk with my girlfriend,is full of ponds,woods and grasslands.The bus stop whereThe bus stop where I used to wait for my mother has been removed.当先行词为 situat

29、ion,positionsituation,position，case,point,stagecase,point,stage(阶段)等时，常可用关系副词 wherewhere。可译为“在处境(情况，阶段)下”。occasionoccasion 后常用 whenwhenAnd there is one point whereone point where Id like your advice.有一点想征求你的意见。He has reached the point wherethe point where a change is needed.他到了必须改一改的地步。We are ina po

30、sition wherea position where we may lose a large sum of money.比较：-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,there isa pointa pointI must insist on.which/thatCan you think of some cases wheresome cases where drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didnt obey them?Today,well discuss a number

31、of cases wherea number of cases where English beginners fail to use the language properly.He was driving so fast as to get himself intoa dangerous situationa dangerous situationhe is likely to losethe control over his car.where介词+关系代词(which)=where，when，有时为表示清楚，有时为表示清楚，还可以在关系副词还可以在关系副词 wherewherewhen

32、when前加介词前加介词 fromfrom，toto 等。等。如：China is the birth place of kites，fromfromwherekiting flying spread to Japan.Thailand and IndiaThe tower is the right place fromfrom wherewe can have a bird view of the whole city.The book was written in 1946,sincesincewhenthe education system has witnessed great cha

33、nges.The little boy climbed up to the third floor,fromfromwherehe could watch the enemy carefully.The student is our roommate,fromfromwhosefather we have learned a lot in the past three years.定语从句中不可转化为定语从句中不可转化为 when/wherewhen/where 的“介词的“介词whichwhich”一、表示地点的“介词+which与 where“in/at/on which”表示“住的地方”

34、或“在哪里时，可与 where 相互替换，例如：This is the house where/in which livesHe returned to the farm where/on which he grew up as a child(句中 where 表示 on the farm之意，因此可与 on which 互换，请比较：He sat at the table on which was a book.句中 on which 表示“在.上面”，而 where 不具备此含义，因此不可替换“aroundbeforebehind/besidefromin front ofofthrou

35、ghunder 等+which虽可表示地点，但不可用 where 代替。He lives in a house around/beside/behind which were many trees.二、表示时间的“介词+which与 when“at/in/during/on+which”表示“在那时”或“在的时候”时，可与 when 相互替换。We are looking forward to October 1 when/on which well have a day off.“after/before/by/since/till/until(等)+which,虽可表示时问，但不可用 wh

36、en 代替。They finished their work at 11 oclock,after which they played together.They started to play at eleven oclock，before which they had been doing their homework三、which 在定语从句中用作定语时，“介词+which不可用 when，where 代替。Our journey lasted three months,during which time we visited several places of interestWe t

37、raveled together as far as Shanghai,at which place we parted company.)添加插入语或状语添加插入语或状语(a)The scientist has made another discovery,whichI believeI believe is of great Importance.(b)This is Mr.Smith,who I thinkI think has something to tell you.(c)He believes in himself,which，in my opinionin my opinion

38、，makes him what he is now.(d)He has a deadly weak point，which，to tell you the truthto tell you the truth，prevents him achieving the goal.4(e)Is there anyone around the factoryaround the factory who knows how to operate the computer?(f)James is the only one who we expectwe expect will win.(g)The girl

39、 knows three foreign languages,which we all thinkwe all think makes it easier to find a job.这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加增加难度。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加增加难度。常见的插入语有：常见的插入语有：I think(supposeI think(suppose，expectexpect，believebelieve，imagine)imagine)，I I m sure,they say,in my personal opinion,to tell you the truthm sure,t

40、hey say,in my personal opinion,to tell you the truth等。等。做这类做这类题目时，最佳的办法是删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然。题目时，最佳的办法是删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然。1.Fast food restaurants are the places _,just as the name suggests,eating is performed quickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what2.This is Mr.White,_ I think has something inter

41、esting to tell you.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who3.He arrived in New York in 1890,_,some time later,he became a writer.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which4.We will go to the countryside at the beginning of June_,I think,probably the summer harvestwill begin.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.while5.Is this the man _ you want to h

42、ave _the radio for me？A.who；repairedB.that；repairedC.whom；repairingD.that；repair改变句子正常语序改变句子正常语序1-5 BDBBD1-5 BDBBD倒装句(a)We came to a place,wherewhere stood a big tower(b)They finally came to a white house,in front of whichin front of which sat a small boy.(c)The soldiers ran to the building，on the t

43、op of whichon the top of which flew a flag.拆分搭配和词组(a)The second is connected with the use the body makes ofthe use the body makes of food.(b)Why cant you realize the part that they have playedthe part that they have played in our life?(c)I will never forget the great trouble he has taken to the grea

44、t trouble he has taken to paint the house.(d)Thank you for the difficulty you have hadthe difficulty you have had painting the house.上述句子包含有以下几个词组：上述句子包含有以下几个词组：make use ofplay a part(of)，take trouble to do something，have difficulty(in)doing something.Step 3 Guidance and activities:Step 3 Guidance a

45、nd activities:定语从句和其它句式的混用定语从句和其它句式的混用1 1）定语从句在先行词的同位语后）定语从句在先行词的同位语后1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,the one I will alwaystreasure.2.-What do you think of the idea of Web TV.-Web TV is a world of interactive program,_ anything wonderful can happen.A.the world whi

46、chB.the world whereC.a world whichD.a world where(D)2 2）添加插入语或状语）添加插入语或状语1).Jenny is always absent from school,_ I suppose is why she is criticized now and thenA.whichB.whoC.thatD.what(A)V.介词+which/whom相当于定语从句Without facts,we can t form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge _our

47、 thinking.A.which to be based on B.which to base on C.on which to base D.to which to be based on(C)3 3）与非谓语动词联用）与非谓语动词联用1.）She was much disappointed tosee the washing machine she had had it repaired wentwrongagain.改错2.)The managers discussed the plan they looked forward to seeing it carried out the

48、next year.改错4 4）词组拆分词组拆分 常见词组常见词组 make use of,play a role/part in,take trouble to do,have difficulty in,make use of,play a role/part in,take trouble to do,have difficulty in,take notice of,take advantage of,pay attention to,have an idea of,have influence ontake notice of,take advantage of,pay attent

49、ion to,have an idea of,have influence on.51.）Unfortunately,not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature_ in theirdaily life.(is played)2.)You can t imagine the difficulty parents have_ up a child.(bringing up)3.)The government have realized the use the returnees make _ the expe

50、rience and skills_ while living abroad.A.of;gainedB.of gainC.for;gainedD.up;gain(A)5 5）与其它从句或句型联用）与其它从句或句型联用1.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is theheaviest.A.which;whereB.at which;whichC.at which;whereD.which;in which2.It is the film _ director is