2018高考英语真题(新课标全国一卷)有答案解析.pdf

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1、绝密启用前绝密启用前20182018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国新课标全国 I I 卷卷)英英 语语（考试时间：120 分钟试卷满分：150 分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分听力听力(共两节，满分共两节，满分 3030 分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分

2、钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirtA.19.15.答案是 C。will James do tomorrowa TV program.a talk.a report.B.9.18.C.9.15.can we say about the womans generour.s curious.s helpful.does the trai

3、f leave6:30.:30.10:30.does the wonar sRwrmcar.foot.bikeis the probable relationship between the speakers.and student.and patient.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。does the woman re

4、gretup her research.out of college.her major.is the woman interested in studying now.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。is the manhotel manager.tour guide.taxi driver.is the man doing for the womanfor some localher around theinformation about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。does the conversation probably take placea

5、n office.homea restaurant.will the speakers do tomorow eveninga concert.a friendextra hours.is Alice going to call.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。does the woman meet the manlook at an apartment.deliver somehave a meal together.does the woman like about the carpetcolor.design.C.Its quality.does the man say a

6、bout the kitchens a good size.s newly painted.C.Its adequately equipped.will the woman probably do nextdowntown.with her friend.payment.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。is the speaker probably talking tofans.reporters.students.did the speaker take Engishlclasseshe left his hometown.he came tohe was 15 years

7、old.does the speaker feel about his teachers proud.s sympathetic.s grateful.does the speaker mainly talk abouteducation shaped his life.his language skillshe managed his business well.第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A AWashington,

8、D.C.Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers ofWashington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history l

9、esson about the trees and the famous monuments where theyblossom.Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular mon

10、uments in Washington,D.C.Explore themonuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMor

11、ning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experienceWashington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with themost,interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a sm

12、ooth tourroute(路线）make cycling between the sites fun andWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to themonuments and memor

13、ials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are madefor photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.Allriders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.do you need to book in advanceA.Cherry Bl

14、ossom like Tour in Washington,Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.will you do on the Capital City Bike TourA.Meet famous people.C.Visit well-known museums.B.Go to a national park.D.Enjoy interesting stories.o

15、f the following does the bicycle tour at night provideA.City maps.B.MealsD.Safety lightsB BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cookingup a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight

16、 budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbuttoffers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under5 per family a day.And theGoodMorning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into pr

17、actice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,sheexplains.I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can

18、buy takeaway food,but s ometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make thisfood ourselves.The eight-part series(系列节自),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:GoodHealth,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With f

19、ood our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family eachweek.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but stil

20、l tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna ReidA.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.D.She has had a light budget for her family.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaA.He buys cooking materials for her.C.He assists he

21、r in cooking matters.B.He prepares food for her kids.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.C.Add some background information.B.Provide some advice for the readers.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can b

22、e a suitable title for the textA.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC.Making yourself a Perfect ChefC CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been lesscoming and a lot more going.When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(

23、联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of eachlanguage experts believe that 10,000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their

24、 languages toobecame more settled and fewer in number.In recent centres,trade,industrialisation.the development of thenation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.Especially glbalisation and better communicationsin the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and

25、 dominant languages such asEnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6 800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.Thegeneral rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.Often spoken by many people while hot.wet zoneshave

26、lots,often spoken by smallhas only around 200 Languages:the Americas about 1,000.Africa 2 400;andB.Balancing Our Daily DietD.Cooking Well for LessAsia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The mediannumber(中位数)of speakers is a mere,which means that

27、half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer peoplethanwell over 400 of the total of,6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakersleft.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache inthe United States(two or three)or

28、 Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to havemuch chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer timesdeveloped very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected29.Which of the following best explai

29、nsdominant underlined in paragraph 2.B.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present6 8003 4001-20031.What is the min idea of the textA.New languages will bePeoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines langu

30、age evolution.D DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny andnew,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats badnews for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consu

31、me much more energy than thenewer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the RochesterInstitute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life fromwhen its minerals are min

32、ed to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how homeenergy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation Desktop computers,basicmobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,a

33、nd LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The living-room television isreplaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,said one resear

34、cher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy

35、consumptionand contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers alsoexplored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than

36、onefunction,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainmentviewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devicesA.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better tha

37、n the old.D.They go out of style quickly.C.They cost more to use at home.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the researchA.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses

38、the least energyA.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devicesA.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundame

39、ntal in home designsomething youll always have in every room.A grasp of how tomanage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a roomthats full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day36,color is the k

40、eyto making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this importantpoint.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is t hat therere really only three kinds of decisionsyou need to make about color in your

41、home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to addvisual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorfulsofa,small color choices bring with t

42、hem the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on thefeeling of a space.The large color decisions in your r

43、ooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether youre looking atwallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most famili

44、ar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分第三部分语言知识运用语言知识运用(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4545 分分)第一节完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题分，满分30 分学科网)阅读下面短

45、文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering afreecourse,called Thinking Chess,for three41the idea of taking the class because，after all,who doesntwant to42a few dollarsMore than that,Id always wanted to lea

46、rn chess.And,even if Iwerent43enoughabout free credits,news about our44was appealing enough to me.He was an internationalgrandmaster,which45I would be learning from one of the games46.I could hardly wait to 47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this48was no

47、 game forhim:he meant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in classto our future professions and,52,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53and l

48、earned life lessonsthat have served me well beyond the54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he 55 me:“The absolute mostimportant56that you learn when you play chess is how to make good57.On every single move you haveto58a situation,process what your opponent(对手）i

49、s doing and 59 the best move from among all youroptions.”These words still ring true today in my60as a journalist.41.A.put forward42.A.waste43.A.excited44.A.titleB.jumped atC.triedoutD.turned downB.earnC.saveD.payC.movedD.tiredD.instructorB.worriedB.competitorB.demandedB.easiestC.textbook45.A.urged4

50、6.A.fastestC.heldC.bestD.meantD.rarest.interviewB.meet48.A.chance50.A.attend51.A.addC.challengeC.honorC.skipD.beatD.jobD.observeD.compareB.qualificationB.passB.exposeC.apply52.A.eventually53.A.game54.A.criterion55.A.taught56.A.factB.naturallyC.directlyD.normallyB.presentationB.classroomB.wroteB.step