中考英语专题复习5介词.doc

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1、初三英语专题复习五 介词【考点解析】一、介词at/ in /on1.表示时间：1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/年龄 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night2)in表示时间段，一天的三个时间段以及月份、年、季节、世纪、人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /eveningin spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具

2、体某天的上午/下午/晚上，表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时on Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st, 20072表地点：1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里 in China in the classroom3)on 指在某物体的表面上 on the desk注意： 写街道时，若有门牌号用at，否则用on / in 都可。 He live

3、s at 270 DongChangan Street.二、介词in /on / to 表方位1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is _ the east of China .三.、between / among 在之间1.between:指两者之间. 在.之间.2.among:用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在之中. You sit _ him a

4、nd me . The song is popular _ the students.四、after / in 在之后1. after1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后，用于过去时。2)after 作介词. after doing sth2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，用于将来时。 He came back _ two days . He will go home_ finishing his homework . He will come back _ two days .五、with / in / by 表示 “用”1.

5、with 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官. He cut the apple into halves _ a knife . 注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有” He came in _ a big smile on his face .2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English ?He wrote a letter _ blue ink .3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group .He makes a

6、living _ selling newspapers .注意: 同义词组1).by phone = on the phone2).by car = in a car3).in pen = with a pen = with pens六、across / through / over / by 经过1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过. Can you swim _ the river ? the elepha

7、nt is so big that it cant go _ the gate . I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence. I walked _ the bank of China yesterday .七、in front of / in the front of1.in the front of 表示在.内部的前面2.in front of 表示在外面的前面 There is a desk in _ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.八

8、、其它介词的用法1.at的其它用法.1).表示“从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词. She is at work now = She is working now .2)at表示“价格或速度” The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .2.in的其它用法:1)in表示“在方面” 词组:do well in = be good at be weak in2)in 表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服. 词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3)in作副词，“在家” = at home3.like 的用法1).像/和一样. 常与

9、系动词连用. 词组: look like sound like 2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”. What is he like ? He is kind .4.off的用法:1).从下来, 脱离某物体. 词组: fall off2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后. 词组: have +时间+ off He hasnt had a night off for two hours .5.except / besides1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范围之内. 注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也没有.2).besdies除了之外,还有 . 包括

10、在范围之内. We all went swimming _ Lucy . There is _ a letter in the box . We study Japanese and French _ English .6.with / without1).with具有,含有 -反义词: without 没有词组: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to without ones help2).without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物B).without + doing st

11、h. He left here without _ (say ) “Goodbye” to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句. If there is no water, we cant live.= We cant live _ _.7.on the tree /in the tree on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上. There are some apples _ the tree . There is a boy _ the tree.8.since / f

12、or注: since / for 用于现在完成时.1).since :a).since +时间点b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时c).since +一段时间+ ago.2) for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago9.be made +介词的区别:be made of 由制成 (看得见原材料)be made from由制成 (看不见原材料)be made in +地点 由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “数量的介词”about, round, around over 1). about , round, around表示 “大约

13、” 2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.11.inside / outside Inside 在里面 -反义词:outside在.外面12.in the wall /on the wallin the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”九、不用介词的情况1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词. What are you going to do tonight ?2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, e

14、ach等时间状语. He went to Wuhan last week .3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词. He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .【链接中考】( ) 1. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this yea

15、r. A. onB. atC. inD. to( ) 2. The castle stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the river. A. toB. forC. offD. out ( ) 3. I hope the train will arrive on time, but its _ my control. A. withinB. withoutC. underD. beyond ( ) 4. It was really helpful _ him to take the cat to the anim

16、al centre _ a rainy night.A. of, onB. of, atC. for, onD. for, at( ) 5. She always wants to do the job which she has been trained _. A. forB. byC. onD. of( ) 6. This problem is far _ me, Im afraid I cant work it out. - Dont worry, we will help you. A. beyondB. besideC. behindD. between( ) 7. - A pers

17、ons life is like a road _ lots of difficulties.- Yes, so we need positive energy.A. byB. withC. alongD. during( ) 8. The 2014 Tournament Chess took place in Xinghua _ March 11. A. inB. atC. onD. /( ) 9. Many cities in China, _ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.A. includingB. behindC. w

18、ithoutD. beyond( ) 10. The 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games will be held _ August in Nanjing. A. inB. onC. byD. at( ) 11. - Do you know Mo Yan? - Of course. He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature _ the age of 57.A. inB. atC. onD. to( ) 12. Sandy is real book lover and she often brings home many b

19、ooks to read _ the library.A. inB. forC. byD. from( ) 13. - How long have you lived in the new flat? - _ 2010. A. In B. AfterC. SinceD. Before( ) 14. It is reported that a lot of adults take lessons online _ further education. A. afterB. toC. withD. for( ) 15. Ice is not often seen here in winter as

20、 the temperature normally stays _ zero.A. upB. downC. aboveD. below( ) 16. Its reported that the Chinese government provides free milk powder _ children in poor areas. A. withB. forC. toD. by( ) 17. Li Yuchun is my favourite singer. I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan. A. toB. onC. atD. in( ) 18. - Mr. W

21、u, when did the earthquake in Yaan, Sichuan happen? - _ 8:02 _ the morning of April 20th, 2013.A. On, inB. At, onC. At, inD. On, on( ) 19. - How can I get more information about the donation to Yaan?- You can e-mail Mr Wang _ yaanearthquake.A. onB. inC. atD. by( ) 20. - Id like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?- I prefer coffee _ sugar.A. thanB. forC. withD. to7