小升初代词讲解及习题(共24页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第二讲 代词一、 定义:代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。二、 代词的分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。常见的代词分类表:分类 例词人称代词 we , you , he , she , it , them物主代词my , your , his , our , their , mi
2、ne , hers , theirs , ours反身代词myself , yourself , ourselves , itself , themselves指示代词this , that , these , those不定代词all , some , any , much , many , fe
3、w , little相互代词each other , one another 疑问代词who , whom , whose , which , what 连接代词who , whom , whose , which , what 关系代词who , whom , whose ,
4、;that , which , as1.人称代词分类及用法人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit(1)主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He feels happy everyday. We/You/They .go to school every weekday.
5、 (2)宾格:作宾语,表示动作行为的对象,一般放在动词后面。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us) 2.物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。 形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,后面要跟名词。 如:This is my book. 名性词的物主代词后面不能跟名词。如:This book is mine.=This
6、is my book.人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhe sheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如: Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词its作name的定语) My siste
7、r lost her bicycle. (形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语) Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词) Its your pen =Its yours. Its her dress = Its hers. (1)名词性物主代词的用法 A. 作主语 如: May I use your pen? Your
8、s (=your pen) works better. B. 作宾语 如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours (=your motherland). 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。C. 作介词宾语 I am writing with your pen,
9、 not with mine(=my pen). d. 作表语 如:My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。(2) 形容词性物主代词的用法 A. 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: My new bike
10、60; 我的新自行车 her young son 她年幼的儿子 B. 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen我的钢笔 his books他的书 C.形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。 如:这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.(错误的原因:my在此句中单独使用) 正This
11、;is my pen. D. 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词来修饰名词(注:冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两类)。如: 那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a bike. 错误原因:不定冠词a和形容词性物主代词my同时出现 正That is my bike. (3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示
12、代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。 如:他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) 错误原因:指示代词those和形容词性物主代词there同时出现 正Their computers are here.(4)名词性和形容词性物主代词的区别A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词one。它总是单
13、独出现在句中。如:The umbrella is mine.(mine=my umbrella) He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers.(hers=her pen) B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词,通常可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如:My bag
14、0;is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C)
15、0;名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -'s属格结构. 如: Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers,
16、0;his, theirs),=one of my friends;但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)这种说法绝对错误。 E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如: Dont lose heart. 别灰心(lose heart:灰心) She lost her heart t
17、o Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。(lose ones heart to sb: 爱上某人)3.反身代词A.定义:反身代词,又称为自身代词,表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。还可以在句中起到强调的作用,用以加强语气。B.用法1)可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如:Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。 &
18、#160; We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。 2)可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如:I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。
19、0; He doesn't seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。 【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态: Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大
20、舒服。 Ill be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。 3)可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。 如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。
21、160; I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。 4)用在某些固定短语当中 by oneself 单独地 When I was young, I had to make a living all by
22、160;myself. Would you go there by yourself? for oneself 为自己;独自 One shouldnt live for himself alone. You must find it
23、;out for yourself. enjoy oneself玩得很痛快talk to oneself自言自语help oneself to sth. 随便吃
24、160; Please help yourself to some fish.4.双重所有格:在同一名词词组中同时具备's以及of两种所有格a friend of my father's我爸爸的一个朋友(1).of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词如:a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如:
25、; Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's? 你看过雷锋的故事吗? They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我。 Three classmates of my
26、 brother's have found good jobs. 我哥哥的三个同学已经找到了好工作。 ( 2). 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色彩。例如: That answer of Tom's was not right. 汤姆的那个回答是不对的。
27、160; Something is wrong with this hand of mine. 我的这只手出了毛病。 (3)of后面带有's的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如: That's a book of Lu Xun's. 这是鲁迅的一本书。
28、160;This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。5.it的用法A.基本用法 (1).指代前面所提到过的人、物或事情,也可以指未提到过的但是谈话双方都明白的事情、情况。 Where is your backpack? Its on the chair. (2). 指代时间、天气、距离、环境等。 It is
29、over one year since I came to this school.(时间) It is warm in winter in Kunming.(天气) It is about 2 kilometers away from here.(距离) It is very quiet here.(环境)
30、;(3). 指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或物。 Whos the baby in the picture? Is it your brother? No, its me. (4). it作形式主语和形式宾语,代替不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句,而把真正的主语、宾语放在后面。 It is a pity that
31、 he missed the first flight. It seems that he has passed the exam. I find it a waste spending so much time on TV. 6.指示代词指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些&
32、quot;等指示概念的代词。 如:this(这),that(那),these(这些),those(那些)等。 this和these指单数,this和these指复数。 指示代词在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语、定语等。 this和these指距离较近的人或物。 that和those指距离较近的人或物。 例如: this is a dog. 这是一只狗。(作主语
33、) That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。 These are are apple. 这些是苹果。&
34、#160; Those are my teachers. 那些是我的老师。 What do you like
35、60;? I like this.(作宾语) 你喜欢什么?我喜欢这个。 I should say I know
36、160;that . 我应该说我知道这件事情。 That pencil is long. 那支铅笔是长的。(作定语) 否定是在be动词后面加not. 例如: this is not a dog. 这
37、不是一只狗。 That is not a good idea. 那不是个好主意。 These are not apples.
38、60; 这些不是苹果。 Those are not my teachers. 那些不是我的老师。7. 疑问代词 A.疑问代词在句中起who 名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。如:what ,where,when,what time
39、 ,how,who ,whom,whose,which等 B. 指人:who,whom,whose 指物:what 既可指人又可指物:which C疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试比较: Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? (疑问代词作表语)What wa
40、s the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? (疑问代词作限定语)What events led to most of the east of t
41、he Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?(疑问代词作限定语8.不定代词代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。如something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人),
42、0;no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).A. some和 any 的用法: some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做) They will go there
43、some day. (他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 Would you like some coffee with sugar? (你要加糖的咖啡吗?) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“一些”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。 They didnt have any fri
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