(5.2.2)--Unit5HowTreesTalktoEachOther课件.pdf

《(5.2.2)--Unit5HowTreesTalktoEachOther课件.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(5.2.2)--Unit5HowTreesTalktoEachOther课件.pdf（33页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、How Trees Talk to Each Other Unit 5 Focus leaningThere are many ways to begin and end a speech.A good beginning is half-done.If a good ending is added to it,can we say a good part of your speech is done?At the beginning:She relates to her audience by asking her audience to imagine walking into a for

2、est.She establishes her credibility by growing up in forest and studying forestry as a scientist.Whether there was actual mutual communication going on between the different species of trees.pine seedling rootsFindings:The fir and the birch did pass the earlier injected materials onto each other and

3、 they were literally interdependent on each other.The cedar didnt connect to the other two species.Significance:It can change the way we look at how trees depend and interact on each other,and how we human beings should treat them.We need to consider the sustainability of forests and take a more hol

4、istic view towards them.perseverance1following our intuitions and our experiences2asking good questions3 field research4data collection and verification,etc.5Major factors to be considered in doing scientific researchForest is much more complex a system.The eco-system involves and connects different

5、 individuals.It works like the internet.Forests are not just a collection of trees.To reveal the vulnerability of the eco-system Not to hurt the forests by high-grade logging and clear-cutting logging.Four solutions:1.Go into the forests to know about their local conditions.2.Save our old-growth for

6、ests by cutting less.3.Save the legacies to allow for sustainable development.4.“Regenerate our forests with a diversity of species and genotypes and structures by planting and allowing natural regeneration.”At the end of the speech:Suzanne returns to her story of the dog Jig that she tells at the b

7、eginning and thus a sense of unity is achieved.1.What comes to your mind when you come across the word“forest”?How is it presented in Suzannes talk?(para.1)When we come across the word“forest”,the first image that comes to us is trees.But to Suzanne Simard,a forest is much more than that.In todays f

8、ocus talk on“Nature is everywhere we just need to learn to see it”,she leads us into a lively new world of plant lives where trees of the same or different species can communicate with each other and together they act as if it was a single life.I.Questions and Answers2.Why does Suzanne have the say

9、about the forest?(paras.2-3)Suzanne grew up in forest with her grandpa,learnt a lot about how trees were connected with each other and observed the outer as well as inner beauty of the forest with her own eyes.3.How did people in charge treat the forest?(para.4)Suzanne witnessed how powerful people

10、deforested or even clear-cut the trees with cruelty for commercial purpose.4.What did Suzanne decide to do research on after her study at school?(paras.5-6)Suzanne decided to go back to school and learnt in the school laboratory that pine seedling roots could transmit carbon from one to another.And

11、she wanted to find out whether this was true in real forests.Despite lack of research funding and possible dangers,she managed to carry out her experiments in the forest with more species of trees,birch,fur and cedar,by partly buying and partly borrowing necessary materials and tools for the experim

12、ents,and with legal permission.The birch and the fir were verified to be connected underground,while the cedar behaved differently.5.What was her major purpose of doing the experiments with all the preliminary hard work in preparation?(para.9)Her major purpose of doing all the experiments regardless

13、 of all the hard work in preparation and possible danger of attack from bears is to find out whether there was mutual communication going on between the different species of trees.6.How did the results of the experiment come out?(paras.11-12)The results of the experiment came out perfect as the fir

14、and the birch did pass the earlier injected materials onto each other and they were literally interdependent on each other.Interestingly,the cedar didnt connect to the other two species.7.What is the significance of Suzannes findings?(paras.12-13)Suzannes findings are of great significance in that i

15、t can not only change the way we look at how trees depend and interact on each other,but also how we human beings should treat them.Instead of clear-cutting or using herbiciding,we need to consider the sustainability of forests and take a more holistic view towards them.8.According to Suzanne,what a

16、re the major factors required of doing scientific research on complex systems like forests?(para.14)According to Suzanne,the major factors to be considered in doing scientific research on complex systems like forest include but are not limited to field research,perseverance,following our intuitions

17、and our experiences and asking good questions,data collection and verification.9.What do Suzannes details of her research on the forest tell us about science?(para.15)Suzannes more detailed account of her research on the forest tells us that the forest is like an engineering system which is much mor

18、e complex than we expect.The system involves and connects different individuals and it works like the internet.10.How does Suzanne describe the eco-system of forests?(paras.16-18)The eco-system of forests is just like an internet with nodes and links.The central nodes are called mother trees,each of

19、 which is connected with hundreds of other trees,such as the younger ones that need nurturing or seedlings who need nutrients.Amazingly,like human mothers,mother trees do recognize their own kin and send whatever is needed including messages of wisdom to their offspring.11.Why do you think Suzanne b

20、rings us back to the initial point that forests are not just collection of trees?(para.21)Suzanne brings us back to the initial point that forests are not just collection of trees,mainly to reveal the vulnerability of the eco-system and appeals to the public not to hurt the forests by high-grade log

21、ging and clear-cutting logging.12.What is Suzannes purpose of bringing up the case in western Canada around the end of her talk?(paras.25-28)Suzanne brings up the case in western Canada to demonstrate how massive disturbance human behavior has brought to the forests and what we can and should do abo

22、ut it.13.What can we do about it?How can we reinforce the forests and help them deal with climate change?(para.29)According to Suzanne,first things first,we should learn more about the characteristics of forests,allow them to self-heal and recover.14.How can we act on the constructive side?(paras.30

23、-33)She gives four solutions:First,before we act,we need to go into the forests to know about their local conditions rather than“using a one-size-fits-all approach”;Second,we need to save our old-growth forests by cutting less;third,when we cut,we need to save the legacies to allow for sustainable d

24、evelopment;finally,we need to“regenerate our forests with a diversity of species and genotypes and structures by planting and allowing natural regeneration.”II.Skills and practices:How to Achieve Unity by beginning and ending with the same story Suzanne mentions her dog Jigss fall at the beginning T

25、hen refers to it once again at the end.She leaves a suspense at the beginning and resolves it at the end.Thus the unity of the speech is achieved.II.Skills and practices:How to Achieve UnityNow retell the story of Jig and explain how the story hasaroused the speakers passion for forestry.1.凹凸不平的树干和漂

26、亮的树冠 rugged stems and their beautiful crowns 2.一个有着无限生物通道的世界，其间树木相连，互相交流，使得整个森林好似单个生命体a world of infinite biological pathways that connect trees and allow them to communicate and allow the forest to behave as though its a single organism 3.我小时候常常躺在树下仰望着树冠。I used to lay on the forest floor and stare

27、up at the tree crowns.4.树木之间静谧且紧密的联系 the quiet and cohesive ways of the woods5.于是我继承了祖业。So I followed in grandpas footsteps.III.Useful Expressions6.树根和土壤构成的调色板 palette of roots and soil 7.我很快就发现自己与置身其中的角色发生了冲突。I soon found myself conflicted by my part in it.8.看来什么都挡不住这种无情的工业机器。It seemed that nothing

28、 could stop this relentless industrial machine.9.雪松则独善其身，未与柏树和杉树织成的网络建立联系。Cedar was in its own world.It was not connected into the web interlinking birch and fir.10.相互之间进行着生动的对话 in a lively two-way conversation11.事实证明两个树种之间确实存在着有如阴阳之间的相依相存。So it turns out the two species were interdependent,like yin

29、 and yang.12.那时那刻对我来说，一切都聚焦了。At that moment,everything came into focus for me.13.我发现了关于的强有力证据I have found solid evidence of something14.具有全局观和发展观的措施holistic and sustainable methods,methods that were less expensive and more practical.15.那么我们对于像森林那样的复杂系统如何做科学研究呢？So how do we do science in complex syst

30、ems like forests?16.结果表明，它们（两个树种之间）不仅交换碳，还交流包括氮、麟、水、防御信息、等位化学品和荷尔蒙等信息。It turns out they were conversing not only in the language of carbon but also nitrogen and phosphorus and water and defense signals and allele chemicals and hormones-information.17.菌细胞和树根互动时是在以碳换营养素。Where the fungal cells interact

31、 with the root cells,theres a trade of carbon for nutrients.18.真菌菌根的网络有结点和连接线。Mycorrhizal networks have nodes and links.19.我们把这些叫做核心树，或者叫母树显得更有爱。We call those hub trees,or more fondly,mother trees.20.让我们回到一开始的话头 So lets come back to the initial point.21.我想30年以后再来检验一下I want to take a check on that 30 years later.22.它们的自愈能力很强。They have enormous capacity to self-heal.23.我们不能以太复杂难以实施为由来糊弄自己。We cant kid ourselves that these are too complicated to act on.24.用千篇一律的方法 use a one-size-fits-all approachThank you！