软件工程软件工程软件工程 (60).pdf

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1、软件软件交互设计 交互设计?GUI?KLM?Fitts?WIMP GUI设GUI设计规则计规则 GUI allows user direct manipulating the objects on the screen,for example,pointing,dragging,deleting,rotating,enlarging,etc.Visual feedback will appear in real time:What You See Is What You Get(WYSIWYG)GUI GUI(Graphical User Interface)elementselements：

2、WIMP WIMP W(Windows):working area,more than one window on the screen I(Icons),graphical icon,easy to understand P(Pointing Devices)Devices like mice to control objects on the screen GUI：DM，WYSIWYG，WIMP M(Menu),hints for functions can be selected by user Design Principles 可视化 Visibility 可视化 Visibilit

3、y 一致性Consistency 一致性Consistency 直接映射Mapping 直接映射Mapping 有效反馈Feedback 有效反馈Feedback GUI设计GUI设计规则规则 GUI：DM，WYSIWYG，WIMP Be visible,WYSIWYG 人类信息来源 80%80%以上通过视觉获取 屏幕元素的选择、布局、呈现及装饰 屏幕元素的选择、布局、呈现及装饰 繁多、分散的设计规则之下：繁多、分散的设计规则之下：视觉认知原理视觉认知原理 GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：可视化可视化 Visibility Gestalt Theory(Gestalt Theory(格式塔理论，

4、完形心理学，德文Gestalt)Gestalt)发现和解释了人类视觉认知活动中的整体性；视场内元素的关系 闭合律 law of closure 连续律 law of continuity 相似律 law of similarity 接近律 law of proximity 对称律 law of symmetry 前背景 Figure-ground GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：可视化可视化 Visibility：Gestalt 闭合律 law of closure 连续律 law of continuity GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：可视化可视化 相似律 law of similarity

5、 Visibility：Gestalt 接近律 law of proximity 对称律 law of symmetry ()GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：可视化可视化 前背景分离 Figure-ground Visibility：Gestalt 屏幕元素的选择、布局、呈现及装饰 屏幕元素的选择、布局、呈现及装饰 GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：可视化可视化 Visibility Guidelines 分组：grouping of items logically together physically together Color can also be used for grouping us

6、e fonts for emphasis,headings 装饰：decoration colors,fonts,boxes,animation etc.match screen order 排序：order of items Read/scan,search,compare 对齐：alignment of items space to separate 留白：white space between items(a)phones,remote controls(a)phones,remote controls(b)calculators,computer keypads(b)calculato

7、rs,computer keypads Design interfaces to have similar operations and use similar elements for similar tasks Main benefit is consistent interfaces are easier to learn and use Consistency GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：一致性一致性 Relationship between controls and their Relationship between controls and their movements an

8、d the results in the world movements and the results in the world Mapping GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：直接映射直接映射 Feedback GUI设计GUI设计规则规则：有效反馈有效反馈 Sending information back to the user about what has been done Design Principles 可视化 Visibility 可视化 Visibility 一致性Consistency 一致性Consistency 直接映射Mapping 直接映射Mapping 有效反馈Feedback 有效反馈Feedback GUI设计GUI设计规则规则 GUI：DM，WYSIWYG，WIMP