8B教与学的基本内容与要求.doc
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1、牛津英语八年级第二学期(Oxford English 8B)单元教与学基本内容Module 1 Nature and environmentUnit 3 ElectricityI Vocabulary词汇 本课基本词汇1. servant n. 仆人,serve v.服务2. electricity n. 电,电能,electric adj.电的,electronic adj.电子的3. trick v. 哄骗,n. 诡计,花招,trick sb.哄骗某人,戏弄某人,play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人4. foolish adj. 愚蠢的,fool n.傻瓜,v.愚弄5. wir
2、e n. 金属丝,金属线6. measure v.测量,度量7. bill n. 帐单8. monthly adv. 每月一次,month n.月(复数months)9. in a way 在某种程度上10. explanation n.解释,说明,explain v.解释,说明11. careful adj. 小心的,谨慎的,谨慎处理,be careful with 小心对待12. connect to (使)连接,联结13. power station 发电厂,发电站14. polite adj. 有礼貌的,politely adv. 有礼貌地,客气地15. contain v. 包含,含
3、有,容纳,container n.容器16. clear adj. 明白清楚的,清晰的,明亮的,清楚的,v.清除,清扫,(天气)放晴 clearly adv. 清晰地,明亮地,清楚地17. iron n. 熨斗,铁18. switch v.开或关(电器),switch on = turn on 打开,switch off = turn off关上19. lock v. (用锁)锁上20. test v. 试验,测试;n. 测验,考试21. encourage v. 鼓励,encourage sb to do鼓励某人去做某事22. behave v. 表现23. staff n. 全体职工24.
4、 customer n.顾客25. energy n. 能量,活力,heat energy热能,moving energy动能,light energy光能,sound energy声能 本课拓展词汇1. meter n.计量器,计量表,a water meter水表2. scratch v. 挠,搔3. invisible adj.看不见的,隐形的,visible adj.看得见的,明显的4. bulb n.电灯泡5. bury v. 埋藏6. grin n.露齿而笑 本课重点词汇用法1. servant n. 仆人;master n. 主人,(男)主人;mistress(女)主人Fire
5、and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 水火是忠仆,用之不慎成灾主。【同根词】 serve v. 为服务,招待,His grandfather served in the army during the Second World War. 他爷爷二战期间在部队服役。【同根词】service n. 服务,招待,The food at the hotel is good, but the service is poor. 这家餐馆饭菜很好,但服务很差。2. electricity n. 电,电能The power station suppl
6、ies electricity to this area. 这家电站供应这个地区电。Turn off the lights when you leave. It saves electricity. 当离开时把灯关了,节约用电。【同根词】electric adj.电动的,用电的(指与电有关的,电产生的,电带动的,带电的),如:electric toys电动玩具,electric kettles电水壶【同根词】electrical adj.电的,电气科学的(指与电学有关的),如:an electrical engineer电气工程师,electrical appliances电器【拓展】elec
7、tron n.电子,electronic adj.电子的3. change v. 改变,更改,兑零钱;n. 变化,找头,零钱【同根词】changeable adj. 可变的,多变的 The weather in spring is very changeable. 春天天气多变。【用法】changeinto把变成 We can change electricity into different kinds of energy. 我们可以把电转换成不同种能源。4. careful adj. 小心的,谨慎的,谨慎处理【用法】be careful with 小心对待,Be careful with
8、my vase. Dont break it. 小心我的花瓶,别打碎了。【同根词】care n./v.小心,关心,照管,用法:take care of= care for= look after照顾,照料Hes very good at caring for sick animals. 他擅长于照顾生病的动物。【同根词】carefully adv. 仔细地,carelessly adv.粗心地【同根词】 careless adj. 粗心的5. laugh v. 大笑 【同根词】laughter n.笑声【用法】laugh at sb.嘲笑某人Nobody enjoys being laughe
9、d at. 没有人喜欢被(别人)嘲笑。6. packet n. 包,袋【用法】a packet of sweets 一包糖果,two packets of chocolates 两袋巧克力in packets一包包地,She thinks she can buy electricity in packets, like sweets. 她认为能像买糖果一样一包包地买电能。Rice in supermarkets is always sold in packets. 超市里的大米常常是以袋装出售。7. at last = in the end = finally 最终,最后He waited f
10、or the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等公共汽车等了一个小时,最后终于到了。8. through prep.(从中间)穿过,通过 ,如:travel through the forest旅行穿过森林Electricity flows through a wire. 电从电线中流过。Water comes to our home through pipes. 水从管子里流到我们家里。【区别】across prep.(从表面)穿过,横过 walk across the street 穿过马路9. monthly adv. 每月一次,month
11、n.月(复数months)monthly属兼类词,作adj.表示“每月一次的”,作n.表示“月刊”。同类的还有:daily adj./adv.每天的,每天;weekly adj./adv.每周的,每周;yearly adj./adv.每年的,每年10. different kinds of energy: electricity energy, heat energy, moving energy, light energy, sound energy11. sound, light, heat, iron兼类词用法1)sound n.声音,v. 听起来(系动词),adj.健康的=withou
12、t any illness, in very good health2)light n.光,光线,v.点亮,adj.轻的=not heavy3)heat n.热,v.加热4)iron n.铁,熨斗,v.熨(衣服)12. invisible adj.看不见的,隐形的反义词visible adj.看得见的,明显的。常见的构成形容词反义词的前缀有in-, im-, il-, ir-, un-, dis-等,如:1)大多数adj.前面加un-构成反义词,如:happyunhappy, kindunkind, ableunable, comfortableuncomfortable, healthyun
13、healthy2)有些adj.前面加dis-构成反义词,如:honestdishonest, agreeabledisagreeable 3)ir-加在以r开头的adj.前面,如:regularirregular 4)im-加在以b, m, p开头的adj.前面,如:possibleimpossible, politeimpolite 5)in-加在除l, b, m, p, r以外开头的adj.前面,如:visibleinvisible, correctincorrect, accurateinaccurate, sensibleinsensible另外,构成adj.反义词还有一些其它的方法,
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