It的用法与高考.doc

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1、it的用法与高考 it是常见代词之一，它既可以指代时间、地点、天气、距离等，还能作形式主语或形式宾语，同时可以引起强调结构，是历年高考热点之一。现结合高考试题对其用法作一介绍。一、用来表示时间、天气、地点、距离、环境、形势等。例如： It is two miles to the beach. (Oxford) 这里到海滨有两英里。It was raining in the morning. (Oxford) 今天早晨下着雨。If its convenient I can see you tomorrow. (Oxford) 如果方便，我明天能见你。it表示时间常用于句型： 1、It is/ha

2、s been一段时间since 从句。意为“自以来已有多长时间了”或“自不以来已有多长时间了”。例如： 1）It has been many years since I was last in London (P. 136 SEFC Book 2B) 自从我上次到伦敦，已经有许多年了。2）Its a long time since we met last. (P. 89 JEFC Book 3) 自从我们上次见面以来已经有很长一段时间了。3）-What was the party like？ -Wonderful！Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much（NME

3、T 93） Aafter Bbefore Cwhen Dsince (Key: D)2、It is/ was/ will be + 一段时间 + before 从句。表示“在（做某事）前过了多长时间”，或“过了多长时间才”。如：But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. (P. 64 SEFC Book 2B) 但是在100年之后，这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。二、用来指代人。说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也

4、可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如： 1、-Look, someone is coming. Who can it be?-It may be the headmaster.-It cant be him He has gone to Shanghai.-It must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the headmaster. (Ex. 13, P. 113 Book 1B)2、Its Doctor Stone, isnt it? Shes usually good. (P. 1 SEFC Book 3A) 是斯通博士吗？她通常讲得很好。3.A kno

5、ck on the door made him look upBut _ was only the manager. (NMET 91 完型)A. this B. that C. she D. it (Key: D)4、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. （上海 2000）A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is （Key: D）三、用来指代前文中的内容，或指代整个主句。如：1Take your pound of flesh! I declare the court allo

6、ws it and the law gives it to you. (P. 63 SEFC Book 3A) 割下你要的那一磅肉吧！我宣布法庭允许你这么做，法律把那一磅肉判给你了。2If it is possible, hold up the part of the body which is bleeding. (P. 44 SEFC Book 2A) 如果可能的话，就把出血的部位抬起来。3.I was disappointed with the film ，I had expected _ to be much better（NMET 93） Athat Bthis Cone Dit (

7、Key: D)4.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. (MET 93)A. he B. which C. she D. it (Key:D)5.It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it (Key

8、: C) (NMET 2002)6.The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in（NMET 2001） Athey Bit Cone Dwhich (Key: B)四、在一些相对固定的词组中出现，没有特殊含义，经常不翻译。如： 1.Hes never really made it as an actor. (Oxford) 作为演员，他从未获得过真正的成功。2.It is my turn 轮到我了。3.Thats just it-I cant work when your

9、e making so much noise. (Oxford) 原因就在这儿-你们这么吵，我没法工作。五、指代不定式、动名词、从句等，用作形式主语或形式宾语。如：Its always difficult being in a foreign country, especially if you dont speak the language. (NMET 2000) I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（NMET 98） Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem （Key: A）It worried her a bit that

10、 her hair was turning grey. (NMET 92)用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型主要有： 1、It + be + adj./ n. (for sb. / of sb.) + to do sth. 该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult，hard，easy，impossible，necessary，important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice，good，bad，kind，silly，foolish，wise，clever， careless，rude，brave，cruel，careful， grateful等，

11、这时要用 of。如：1）Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (NMET 88) A. now B. man C. that D. it (Key: D)2）Is _ necessary to tell his father everything? (NMET 89) A. it B. that C. what D. he (Key: A)3)In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2001) A.

12、 this B. that C. there D. it (Key: D)2、It + be + fun/ a waste of time/ no good/ no use doing sth.1）It is no use crying over spilt milk. 谚 牛奶已泼，哭也无用。注：偶尔也可以将动名词用成不定式。如2）It is no good to read without full understanding. (P. 33 SEFC 2A) 没有完全理解的阅读是无用的。3、It be过去分词that从句. 适用该句型的过去分词主要有 said, reported, ann

13、ounced, hoped, thought，told，believed，expected，decided，suggested, known等。该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句。如： 1）They are said to be very good. (P. 19 SEFC Book 2A) 据说他们都很棒。It is said that they are good.2）it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free (P. 10 SEFC Book 1B) 人们希望有一天能有足够的麋鹿可以放出

14、去4、It be形容词 that从句。可用于此句型的形容词还有wonderful， true，good，right，wrong，（un）important ，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain等。 如：1）It is quite certain that will be at the meeting. 他当然回出席会议。2）It is important that we (should) study hard. 我们应该努力学习，这是很重要的。5、It be名词（词组）that从句。适用该句型的名词（词组）还有a pity，an hon

15、or，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news等。 如：1).It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. (P. 67 SEFC Book 2B) 你错过了上周的运动会，真遗憾。2)._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 95)A. There B. This C. That D. It (Key: D)6、It seem appear happen的适当形式

16、that从句。该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。如：1)It seems that there is a big waste pipe coming down from the town. (P. 31 SEFC Book 3A)There seems to be a big waste pipe coming down from the town.2)He appeared calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear. (P.56 SEFC Book 3A)It appeared that he was calm, but

17、 inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.7、It doesnt matter（Its no wonder；It doesnt make too much difference等） when/ where/ which/ whether 等从句。 如：1）Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(NMET 91)A. this B. that C. he D. it (Key: D)2)They are all classmates_ is no wonder _ they should

18、 help each other with their studies（上海 98） AThis；whether BIt；if CThat；that DIt；that （Key: D）8、S. + v. it + adj. / n./ + 不定式或从句。常用于这一句型的动词有 find, consider, feel, make, think 等。如：1)he found it important to study the situation in Russia, (P. 26 SEFC Book 1B) 他发现研究俄国形势非常重要, 2）I want to make it clear whe

19、ther she is still at school. 我想弄清楚她是不是还在上学。3）I feel it our duty to study English well. 我认为学好英语是我们的职责。4)I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 90)A. this B. that C. its D. it (Key: D) 六、it 用来引起强调句型，句型结构为：It iswas 被强调部分thatwho其它。分析和使用该句型时应该注意以下几点：1、被强点成分一般

20、是主语，宾语，状语（尤其是时间和地点状语）或状语从句。当强调时间、地点状语时或状语从句时，仍然用 that 而不用 when 或 where。如：1）Was it during the Second World War _ he died? (NMET 88)A. that B. while C. in which D. then (Key: A)2）It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET 95)A. while B. which C. that D. since (Key: C)3)It was about

21、600 years ago _ the first oclock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET 97) A. that B. until C. before D. when (Key: A)4)It was only when I reread this poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 98) A. until B. that C. then D. so (Key: B)2、当被强调成分是指人的主语或宾语时，可以用 that 或 who，其它情况下则

22、只能用 that。如：1）It was I that/ who met Jack in the street yesterday.2）It was Jack that/ who I met in the street yesterday.3）It was in the street that I met Jack yesterday. (不能用 who 替换 that)3、句型中 is/ was 有时可以是“情态动词 + be”.如： It must be my book that she is reading. 她正在读的一定是我的书。4、强调句型与定语从句、主语从句的区别： 强调句中的 I

23、t is/ was that/ who 去掉后，将语序进行适当调整，可以得到一个结构和意义都完整的句子，而定语从句不是这样；如果是主语从句，去掉 It is/ was that/ who 后句子就无法成立。强调句型中的 that/ who 只是句型的一个标志，而引导定语从句的 that/ who 在从句中作主语或宾语。试比较：1）It was Jack who/ that I met in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇到的是杰克。（强调句型）I met Jack in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇到杰克2）It is the book

24、 that I have been looking for. 这就是我一直在找的书。（定语从句，that 作 look for 的宾语）I have been looking for the book. 我一直在寻找这本书。 3)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 95) （主语从句）A fact English is being accepted as an international language. （不能成立）5、强调句型的两种变形形式：一般疑问句形式：Is/

25、Was it that? 特殊疑问句形式：Who/ Whom /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that ? 如：1)Was it in 1979 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon? (上海 94) A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (Key: D)2）Was _ that I saw last night at the concert? (上海 95)A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yours

26、elf (Key: A)3）Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？6、当强调的成分是表示时间或地点的介词短语时，如果去掉介词，句型会发生根本变化。试比较：It was five oclock in the afternoon _ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.（NMET 96） Asince Bwhen Cthat Duntil (Key: B)该

27、句为 when 所引导的时间状语从句，it 在句中表示时间。如在题干上加上介词 at，句子变成：It was at five oclock in the afternoon _ they climbed up to the top of the mountain空格中只能填 that，为强调句。因为：高考原题目如果填 that，就应该是强调句，去掉 it，was，that，可以得到：They climbed up to the top of the mountain five oclock in the afternoon. （不成立）所以高考原题不能填 that；而增加介词的句子可以改写为：

28、 They climbed up to the top of the mountain at five oclock in the afternoon. 这是个完整的句子，所以填 that，为强调句。七、另外两个与it 有关的常用句型1、It is was will be the + 序数词 + time that 从句。该句型意为“这是那是这将是某人第某某次做某事了”。主句谓语动词用is时，从句用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词用was时，从句用过去完成时；主句的谓语动词用will be时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来。如： She understood what I was talking

29、 about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together. (P. 55 SEFC Book2B) 尽管这是我们第一次在一起谈话，但是她明白我们在谈些什么。2）-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I have been here. (NMET 92)注意：句型中 it 可以用this 或 that，time 可以用成 week，year，month 等边式时间的名词。如：This is the first moth that/ year I have been here. 这是我在这儿的地一个月/第一个年头。2、It is（high/ about）time that sbdid/ should do sth该句型意为“是该某人做某事的时候了”。这是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。如： 1)Its time (that) I went and picked up my little girl from school. (P. 13 SEFC Book 2B) 是该我去学校接我女儿的时候了。2）Its high time they realized the problem. (NMET 99) 是他们意识到问题的时候了