林业词汇中英文(共28页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上The Ministry of Forestry 林业部the National Forestation Commission 国家绿化委员会Beijing Capital Greening Commission 北京首都绿化委员会the Japanese Peace and Friendship Forest 日本和平友好绿化协会the Green China Fund 中国绿化基金会cover the country with trees 绿化祖国turn the country green 绿化祖国the national afforest drive 全国绿化

2、运动greening campaign 绿化运动a major tree planting drive 大规模植树运动large scale afforestation drive 大规模造林运动intensive afforestation 大规模绿化the long green program 长远的绿化计划the national tree-planting festival 全国植树节tree-planting date 植树日the national compulsory tree-planting activities 全国义务植树活动organize the planting o

3、f trees 组织植树the tree-planting drive sponsored by 由发起的植树活动plant 5 trees each year 每年植5 棵树vitalize forestry with science and technology 科技兴树green all available land with trees and grasses 植树种草绿化所有土地the achievement in afforestation 绿化成绩afforested areas 绿化区域（面积）afforested project 造林工程form thick forests

4、形成密林collective tree farms 集体林场forest farm/lands 林场地forest resources 森林资源forest development 林业发展develop forestry 发展林业ban forest 禁伐林lose off the afforested bills and protect the trees 封山育林enclose the hills for natural afforestation 封山育林be treelined on the both banks 两岸植树on either side of the river 两岸植

5、树be surrounded by thick trees 被密林环绕grow saplings 培育树苗large stretches of forests 大片森林a stretch of pines 大片柃林a sea of forests/forestry 林海an afforestation projects in the flat-land areas 平原绿化工程newly afforested area 新绿地区the green coverage/areas 绿化面积clothe bare mountains in verdure 秃山披绿装afforest-mu of de

6、sert 绿化亩沙地afforest-mu of uncultivated hilly land 绿化未开垦的山坡地reach afforestation standards 达到绿化标准the forest cover rate/the tree cover 森林覆盖率forests will cover 森林覆盖the amount of tree and grass coverage increased 植被面积增加了the average coverage of forest for each person 人均森林面积占有量advanced unit in afforestation

7、 绿化先进单位 commend advanced locality in afforestation drive 表扬绿化先进地区be honoured as the Best Unit in Afforesting bare/barren Mountain 树为绿化荒山先进单位advanced workers in afforestation 绿化先进工作者conserve water and soil 保持水土provide shelter belts for farmland 保护农田curb the sand 防止风沙regulate climate 调节气候improve weath

8、er condition 改善气候条件play a vital role 起关键作用turn back the advancing of desert 阻止沙丘前进halt soil erosion slow down 防止土壤流失help the soil hold water 有利于保墒halt desertification 防止沙化prevent water loss and soil erosion 防止水土流失absorb dioxide and produce oxygen 吸收二氧化碳,放出氧气.Provide/supply large quantities of timber

9、 提供大量木材- cubic metres of timber -立方米木材be ready to cut for timber 10 years after planting 种植十年即可采伐timber resources 木材资源the consumption of timber 木材消耗provide fodder and fuel 提供饲料与燃料due to a deteriorating ecological environment 由于生态环境恶化by poor management 由于管理不善trees withered or died 树木枯死forest fires 森林

10、火灾open up 'virgin' soil for agriculture 开垦"处女地"fell trees and burn grass 砍树木烧荒sod shoveling for fuel 铲草皮烧火overuse 过分放牧excessive tree felling 树木砍伐过量the growing of forest resources reserves if behind consumption 备用林生长低于消耗because of constant loss of trees 由于树林不断减少suffer damage from ra

11、ts and other pests 遭受鼠害和其它病虫害non-forested area 无林区the worsening of environment 环境恶化soil erosion 土壤流失- mu of eroded land 流失土地-亩at a pace of - mu each year 每年以-亩的速度流失harsh climate 气候恶劣awful weather 气候恶劣vile weather 气候恶劣dry climate 干旱的气候lack of rainfall 缺雨rivers die out 河流干涸the grassland diminishes 草原变

12、少cause pasture to deteriorate at a rate of -造成草原以-亩的速度下降be worn away by wind and sandstorms 被风沙暴吞食grass for animal feed deteriorated 牧草减少The sand heaped into dunes 沙子堆成山 the advance of sand 沙丘的推进shifting sand burying crops 移动的沙子埋掉庄稼shifting dunes and sand 移动的沙丘与沙子annihilate-mu of cultivated land 吞掉-

13、亩良田clouds of dust 尘土遮天deteriorate the environment 环境恶化reduce soil moisture 降低土地壤保墒strengthen the management of forests 加强森林管理plant trees 植树prevention or eradication of pests 防止或根除病日虫害contract tree planting projects out to individuals 把植树工程承包给个人concede the land to forestry 退耕还林afforest desert 绿化沙地pla

14、nt trees in all the bald mountains 在秃山上植树a high(low)death rate 死亡率高(低)tree nursery 苗圃seedling nursery 苗圃botanical garden 植物园select fine seed strains 选良种selection of good tree seeds 选良种cultivate strong saplings/cultivation of strong saplings 培育强健树苗speed the growth of the forests 加速森林成长lay out young t

15、rees 抚育幼苗grow saplings 培育树苗breed new varieties of trees 培育树木新品种young plantation 人工幼林raise seedlings and care of trees 育苗护林protect forests 护林combat forest fires 防火林bare seashore 光秃的海边air seeding 空播sow tree seeds by plane 空播sow tree seeds from aircraft 空播by artificial seeding 人工播种survival rate 成活率pass

16、 appraisal by - 通过 -的鉴定China's vast grassland 中国大草原Man-made pastrres used for animal husbandry/for grating 用来放牧种草的人工牧场hay production 饲料草的生产 natural grassland 天然草原high-yield grass 高产草sow grass seeds on -loess Plateau 在黄土高原上播种草籽green vast land with grasses 种草原绿化大片土地the forest store 森林储备the consump

17、tion of timber 木材消耗the growing of forest resources reserves exceed consumption 备用林生长超过消耗the growth rate of forest reserves keeps pace with consumption rate 备用林增长率等于砍伐率open up -of orchards 开辟-果园Species of Forests And Treeswind breaks 防风林sand breaks 防沙林shelter belts of protect farmland 护田林shelter belt

18、s to protect the head-waters of rivers 水源防护林shelter belts to protect sea coasts 海防林natural forests 自然林auxiliary forest belt 主林带a network of forests 森林网trees of economic value 经济林forests for timber 木材林oil-yielding trees 油料林fast-growing and high-yielding forests 高产速成林rubber plantation 橡胶园tea plantatio

19、n 茶园tung-tree 桐树mulberry 桑 varnish tree 橄榄树bamboo grows 橡胶树tea grove 竹林tea grove 茶林/山walnut 核桃wild pepper 花椒wild peach 山桃wild apricot 山杏herbaceous plants草本植物monocotyledon单子叶植物ferns; pteridophyte蕨类植物dicotyledon双子叶植物mosses; bryophyte苔藓植物seed-bearing plants种子植物树木类 pine 松cerdar 雪松类larch 落叶松juniper 杜松con

20、e 松果cypress 柏树bamboo 竹box 黄杨poplar 白杨cottonwood 三角叶杨osier 紫皮柳树willow 垂柳birch 白桦maple 枫树sequoia 红杉fir 冷杉hemlock spruce 铁杉spruce 云杉yew 紫杉eucalytus 桉树locust 洋槐wattle 金合欢树camphor tree 樟树rosewood 紫檀ebony 乌檀sandalwood 檀香木satinwood 椴木linden 椴树rowan 欧洲山梨teak 柚木树elm 榆木树oak 橡树acorn 橡树果sycamore 美国梧桐ginkgo 银杏树h

21、olly 冬青coco 椰树date 枣椰树hickory 山核桃树plane tree 悬铃树beech 山毛榉horse chestnut 七叶树blackthorn 黑刺李baobab 猴面包树elder 接骨木myrtle 桃金娘科植物cycad 苏铁oil palm 油棕榈树treetop 树梢branch 树枝twig 小树枝bough 大树枝knot 树节trunk 树干leaf 树叶sprout 新芽sapling 树苗stump 树桩root 树根root hair 根毛taproot 主根bark 树皮resin 树脂pith 木髓cambium 形成层ring 年轮woo

22、d 木材花草azalea 杜鹃花begonia 秋海棠Brazil 巴西木cactus 仙人掌camellia 山茶花carnation 麝香石竹(康乃馨)Chinese enkianthus 灯笼花Chinese flowering crab-apple 海棠花chrysanthemum 菊花dahlia 大丽花daisy 雏菊datura 曼陀罗epiphyllum 昙花fringed iris 蝴蝶花fuchsia 倒挂金钟gardenia 栀子India canna 美人蕉jasmine 茉莉lilac 丁香lily 百合mangnolia 木兰花mangnolia 玉兰花mornin

23、g glory 牵牛(喇叭花)narcissus 水仙花oleander 夹竹桃orchid 兰花pansy 三色堇peony 牡丹peony 芍药phalaenopsis 蝶兰rose 玫瑰rose 月季setose asparagus 文竹touch-me-not (balsam) 凤仙花tulip 郁金香violet, stock violet 紫罗兰water hyacinth 凤眼兰amaryllis 孤挺花anemone 银莲花anther 花药apple 苹果apricot 杏azalea 杜鹃花balsam 凤仙花begonia 秋海棠Brazil 巴西木cactus 仙人掌c

24、amellia 山茶花canna 美人蕉cantury plant 龙舌兰carnation 麝香石竹(康乃馨)Chinese enkianthus 灯笼花Chinese flowering crab-apple 海棠花chrysanthemum 菊花cosmos 大波斯菊crocus 番红花cyclamen 仙客来daffodil 黄水仙dahlia 大丽花daisy 雏菊daphne 瑞香datura 曼陀罗dogwood 山茱萸epiphyllum 昙花freesia 小苍兰fringed iris 蝴蝶花fuchsia 倒挂金钟gardenia 栀子geranium 大竺葵gladio

25、lus 剑兰hawthorn 山楂hibiscus 木槿hyacinth 风信花hydrangea 八仙花India canna 美人蕉iris 蝴蝶花jasmine 茉莉lilac 紫丁香lily 百合花mangnolia 木兰花mangnolia 玉兰花marguerite, daisy 雏菊marigold 金盏花morning glory 牵牛(喇叭花)narcissus 水仙花nectar gland 蜜腺night-blooming cereus 仙人掌oleander 夹竹桃orange 桔子orchid 兰花ovary 子房pansy 三色堇pear 梨peony 牡丹,芍药p

26、etal 花瓣phalaenopsis 蝶兰pink 石竹花pistil 雌蕊plum 洋李pollen 花粉poppy 罂粟花quince 柑橘redbud 紫荆rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰花sepal 萼片setose asparagus 文竹stalk 花柄stamen 雄蕊sunflower 向日葵sweet pea 香豌豆花touch-me-not (balsam) 凤仙花tulip 郁金香violet, stock violet 紫罗兰water hyacinth 凤眼兰wisteria 柴藤yucca 丝兰 rose 玫瑰花tulip 郁金香balsam 凤仙花

27、canna 美人蕉lily 百合花jasmine 茉莉sweet pea 香豌豆花sunflower 向日葵geranium 大竺葵morning-glory 牵牛花cosmos 大波斯菊pansy 三色堇poppy 罂粟花marigold 金盏花carnation 麝香石竹amaryllis 孤挺花dahlia 大丽花pink 石竹花crocus 番红花iris 蝴蝶花hyacinth 风信花daffodil 黄水仙chrysanthemum 菊marguerite, daisy 雏菊gladiolus 剑兰cantury plant 龙舌兰magnolia 木兰yucca 丝兰orchid

28、 兰花freesia 小苍兰cyclamen 仙客来begonia 秋海棠anemone 银莲花wisteria 柴藤redbud 紫荆dogwood 山茱萸hawthorn 山楂camellia 山茶hydrangea 八仙花hibiscus 木槿peony 芍药azalea 杜鹃rhododendron 杜鹃花daphne 瑞香gardenia 栀子lilac 紫丁香night-blooming cereus 仙人掌 apple 苹果pear 梨orange 桔子quince 柑橘apricot 杏plum 洋李pistil 雌蕊ovary 子房petal 花瓣anther 花药stame

29、n 雄蕊nectar gland 蜜腺sepal 萼片stalk 花柄pollen 花粉同龄林 forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营 exploitation management；high grading间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业 intermittent production；forest under intermittent management林分经营；林分管理 stand management；management on a stand basis立木蓄积、立木度 stocking (=d)更新作业法；作业法 sil

30、vicultural system稽核；照查 control永续林；恒续林 continuous cover forest永续林经营；永续林施业；恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业；单采作业；单木施业 forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采 exploitation划伐、伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system划伐作业；群状择伐作业 group selection system；group sel

31、ection management经营林；施业林；生产林 managed forest营林监督 forest inspection森林经营计划；森林经营(学) forest management (>)；forest management planning(neol.)森林法 forest act；forest ordinance；forest law营林监督 forest inspection森林条例；森林法令 forest ordinance林业政策；森林政策 forest policy林业；林学 forestry林业经济；林业经济学 forest economics高山林；山岳林；

32、山地林 mountain forest大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system小面积集团森林经营 group management乔林；用材林 high forest乔林作业 high forest system木材需求；木材需要 demand for wood木材供销；木材获得 timber supply木材生产 timber production；wood production原木分级；材种；原木检尺 timber assortment木材消费 wood consumption；timber consumption木材供给

33、wood procurement林产业；木材工业；木材加工业 timber industry；wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban；prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业(法) clearcutting system；crearfelling system地景经营；地景施业；景观施业 landscape management地景保护；景观保护 landscape protection阔叶树林 broadleaved forest；hardwood forest多目标(利用)林业 multiple-use managem

34、ent；multi-use management混交林；混合林；混生林 mixed woodland；mixed forest中林；矮林；萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作业；矮林保残作业法coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storied coppice system（UK）针叶树林 coniferous forest近天然经营林分；近自然经营之林分 near to nature forest；naturally managed forest天然林；自然林；自生林 natural forest；i

35、ndigenous forest矮林；萌芽林 coppice forest；sprout forest；low forest矮林择伐作业；择伐矮林作业 coppice selection system矮林作业；简单(单纯)矮林作业 simple coppice system正规林业；正规森林经营；合法的林业 regulated forest management人工林经营 plantation management择伐作业 selection system；single tree selection system择伐林 selection forest；plenter-wood环状划伐；带状划

36、伐；带进孔状伞伐 strip-and-group felling (>)带状划伐；带进群状伞伐作业 strip-and-group felling system带状伐采作业 strip cutting system；strip felling system速生林作业 free growth management伞伐作业法 shelterwood method；shelterwood system异龄混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业 high forest with reserves (system)；high

37、 forest with standards（system）原始林；原生林 virgin forest蓄积保育 management of the growing stock森林 forest育林(学) ；造林；造林学 silviculture森林利用(学) forest utilization；forest utilisation森林生态系 forest ecosystem牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management；range management再造林义务 replant duty；legal obligation to replant作业级；事业区 working

38、 circle森林调查专家(员)；森林调查专业人员 forest inventory specialist森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营(经理)之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制 control of forest growth (trans.)绩效检验 performance test永续林业；永续森林经营 sustainable forest management永续性；保续；永续 sustainablility永续作业；永续经营 sustained-yield management永续准

39、则；永续基准 sustainability criteria永续经营调整；永续经营规整(调整) sustained yield regulation禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发 preservation order；exploitation ban再生产 reproduction超伐；过伐 overcutting；overfelling伐采龄 felling age树龄，林龄 age龄阶；龄级区分 age gradation龄级结构；龄级分布；龄级构成 age calss distribution林木界限；树限；乔木界限 timber line；tree line林业经营单元(单位) management unit林缘；林分边界 stand edge；edge of a stand林分安全性(稳定性) st