(2.3.1)--3.1textorganization.pdf

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1、Text OrganizationUnit 2 Text ASuccessful Entrepreneurs,A-Students or B-Students?Content1.Reading Skill Focus:Understanding Comparison and Contrast2.Reading Comprehension 3.Text OrganizationWarm-up activity:Please find out the similarities and differences in the following two pictures:If you are figu

2、ring out the similarities,you are making a comparison of these two pictures.If you are figuring out the differences,you are making a contrast of these two pictures.1.Understanding comparison and contrastWhat is comparison and contrastComparison and contrast are used to show similarities and differen

3、ces between two things.Comparison:focus on similaritiesContrast:stress differencesHow to understand comparison and contrastTips:Identify synonyms（近义词)or antonyms(反义词）inthe passageIdentify relevant connectives（连接词)indicating comparison and contrast relationshipDistinguish between point-by-point and s

4、ubject-by-subject patternsComparison/contrast connectives(连接词）expressing similarities and differences SimilaritiesDifferencesBoth A and B A while/whereas B Like A,B Unlike A,B A;similarly/likewise,B A but/however/nevertheless,B A;B in the like manner/in the same way.A.In contrast/On the contrary/Con

5、versely,B.Just as A,BAon the other hand,BTwo patterns for comparison or contrastThere are two basic patterns in presenting comparison and contrast relationship.Pont-by-point patternSubject-by-subject pattern examine one subject thoroughly and then start the otherexamine two subjects at the same time

6、,discussing them point by pointSuppose we are to compare two restaurants:restaurant A and restaurant B.The points to be compared might be:1)taste2)price3)servicePont-by-point patternTopic sentence:A is a better restaurant than B in terms of taste,price and service.Supporting sentencespoint 1:Taste p

7、oint 2:Pricepoint 3:Servicerestaurant Arestaurant Brestaurant Arestaurant Arestaurant Brestaurant BSubject-by-subject patternTopic sentence:A is a better restaurant than B in terms of the taste,price and service.Supporting sentences:Subject A:Restaurant A1.Taste2.Price3.ServiceSubject B:Restaurant B

8、1.Taste2.Price3.ServiceThe points of comparison or contrast are the same and that they are discussed in the same order under each side.P34 Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with information from Paras.3-6 to understand the differences between B-students and A-students,entrepreneurs and managers.Connecti

9、ves used:however,_,_.Patterns of comparison and contrast:_ buton the other handsubject-by-subjectReading comprehensionBetween A-students and B-students4A-students,on the other hand,know a lot about one thing,whether it is technology or marketing or sales or finance.Andthey do this one thing extremel

10、y well.If they dont do it well,it bothers them.A-students want to do things perfectly all thetime.This is a very bad trait for an entrepreneur,but a verygood trait for a manager.3B-students dont know everything about anything and are excellent at nothing.B-students do,however,know something about a

11、lot of things,and they can complete almost any task with some modicum of competence.People often ask me:“As an entrepreneur,what exactly do you do?”My answer:“I do nothing.But I do it very well.”Entrepreneurs are B-students.There is no one thing they do well.But there are many things they do well en

12、ough.Can you find out what connectives are used?What pattern does the two paragraphs employ?Subject-by-subjectDifferences Between B-students and A-students:TraitsB-studentsnot knowing _ and are excellent at _;knowing _;completing almost any task with _.A-studentsknowing _ and wanting to _.everything

13、 about anythinga lot about one thingnothingsomething about a lot of thingssome modicum of competencedo things perfectly all the timeBetween entrepreneurs and managers(Para 5,6)Connectives used:but _,_Pattern of comparison and contrast:_Differences:PenchantsPatterns of thinkingEntrepreneursManagers5T

14、he biggest downside of the entrepreneurs penchantto understand everything about nothing and a little bitabout a lot of things is that they get bored quickly with anyone task.The ability to focus and be patient is typicallyassociated not with entrepreneurs but with managers.Entrepreneurs want results

15、 immediately,while managersare happy to wait,confident that if they execute perfectlyover time the results will eventually follow.Can you find out what connectives are used?6 An entrepreneurs short attention span allows him,or maybe even forces him,to think laterally.Because managers,on the other ha

16、nd,can stay focused on one topic for a long period of time,they are able to in fact prefer to think in a more linear fashion.Lateral thinking is necessary in a start-up where the entrepreneur is constantly being pulled off course when plans dont go as planned,while linear thought is required in more

17、 mature companies where getting several hundred or several thousand people to stick to a plan is absolutely necessary to get anything done.What pattern does the two paragraphs employ?point-by-pointDifferences between entrepreneurs and managers:PenchantsPatterns of thinkingEntrepreneursunderstanding

18、_ and _;wanting _thinking _because of _everything about nothinga little bit about a lot of thingsresults immediatelylaterallyshort attention spanManagersable to _happy to wait;confident that_thinking _over time the result will eventually followin a morelinear fashionfocus and be patientText Organiza

19、tionMain Idea:By presenting comparison and contrast relationsbetween B-students and A-students,entrepreneursand managers,the author puts forward the idea thatB-students_while A-students _.He also holds that A-student managers and B-student entrepreneurs should _ so that they can cooperate productive

20、ly.are more likely to be entrepreneursare more likely to be managersunderstand and appreciate each otherText StructurePartsMain ideasParas.1-2My mom believed that I would be a B-student whether going to Harvard or the community college.Paras.3-6B-students know something about a lot ofthings and have

21、 the potential to becomeentrepreneurs in the future,while A-studentsknow a lot about one thing and are more fit forfuture managers.PartsMain ideasParas.7-9B-student entrepreneurs and A-student managers need each other,and there are exceptions to the A-student/B-student rule.Para.10Only when B-student entrepreneurs and A-student managers work together under certainrules are they able to be more productive.