东吴大学微生物学系P教学实验室训练课程.ppt
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1、东吴大学微生物学系P教学实验室训练课程 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望生物科技風險nSARS,至民國九十二七月底止,台灣有669個可能病n有72之直接死因為SARS,負責第一線照護任務的醫護人員乏因職業而感染SARS者n台灣地區的SARS病百分九十自院內感染生物安全的目的n保護n實驗室操作人員(WORKERS)n實驗的產品(PRODUCTS)n實驗室維護人員(SUPPORTPERSONAL)n外部環境(ENVIRONMENT)生物安全防護n實驗操作
2、程序及技術(Practice)n安全設備(或稱初級防護)n硬體設施(或稱二級防護)內容n生物醫科技產業生物性危害n生物危害健康風險評估nP2實驗室規劃設計與空調n生物安全操作台、運作與檢測n生物安全實驗室操作規範n消毒與滅菌nP2實驗室之防護具使用n本系P2實驗室之規範生物醫科技產業生物性危害生物醫科技產業之概況n生技醫藥產業n生技農業產業n生技食品產業n生技特用化學品產業n生技環保產業n生技服務生物醫科技之相關安全衛生法規n勞工委員會n工安全衛生法n局限空間作業危害預防要點n農業委員會n基因轉移植物田間試驗管規範n國家科學委員會n基因重組實驗守則n環境保護署n遺傳工程環境用藥微生物製劑開發試
3、驗研究管辦法生物物質安全資表(BSDS)n挑選二十種目前國內常用的生物性物質n內容n生物物質與廠商資n生物成分辨資n健康危害資n致病情況、病資、主要症、宿主、傳播方式、潛伏期等n醫措施n實驗室危害n洩處方法n安全儲存方法n預防措施n存活n廢棄處置方法n運送資n法規資n其他資VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS-MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETS(MSDS)-1nMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET-INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCESnSECTION I-INFECTIOUS AGENTnNAME:Vibrio parahaemolyticusnS
4、YNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE:N/AnCHARACTERISTICS:Gramnegativerod,halophilic,facultativeanaerobe,0.5-0.8mx1.4-2.4m.Pathogenicstrainsusuallypossesscharacteristichemolyticreaction(Kanagawaphenomenon)nSECTION II-HEALTH HAZARDnPATHOGENICITY:Gastroenteritischaracterizedbywaterydiarrheaandabdominalcramps;some
5、timesnausea,vomiting,feverandheadache;occasionallyadysentery-likeillnesswithbloodyormucoidstools,highfever,andhighWBC;openwoundsmaybecomeinfected;systemicinfectionanddeathrarelyoccurnEPIDEMIOLOGY:Sporadiccasesandcommonsourceoutbreaks,particularlyinJapan,SoutheastAsia,andNorthAmerica;occursprimarilyi
6、nwarmmonthsoftheyearnHOST RANGE:HumansnINFECTIOUS DOSE:Ingestion-106organismsnMODE OF TRANSMISSION:Byingestionofraworinadequatelycookedseafood,oranyfoodcross-contaminatedbyhandlingrawseafoodinthesameenvironment,orbyrinsingwithcontaminatedseawater;aperiodoftimeatroomtemperatureisgenerallynecessarytoa
7、llowmultiplicationoforganismstoinfectiouslevel;exposureofopenwoundtocontaminatedseawaterVIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS-MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETS(MSDS)-2nINCUBATION PERIOD:Usuallybetween12-24hours,butcanrangefrom4-96hoursnCOMMUNICABILITY:Notcommunicablefromperson-to-personnSECTION III-DISSEMINATIONnRESERVOIR
8、:Marinecoastalenvironsarethenaturalhabitat;duringthecoldseason,organismsarefoundinmarinesilt;duringthewarmseason,theyarefoundfreeincoastalwatersandinfishandshellfishnZOONOSIS:NonenVECTORS:NonenSECTION IV-VIABILITYnDRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY:Sensitivetopenicillin,ampicillin,fluoroquinolones;strainsresistant
9、tomultipleantibioticshavebeenisolatednSUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS:Susceptibletomanydisinfectants-1%sodiumhypochlorite,70%ethanol,2%glutaraldehyde,formaldehydenPHYSICAL INACTIVATION:SensitivetocoldnSURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST:Shrimp-upto120days;swabs-72daysnSECTION V-MEDICALnSURVEILLANCE:Monitorforsymp
10、toms;confirmationbystoolcultureorcultureofsuspectedcontaminatedfood(105organisms)nFIRST AID/TREATMENT:FluidreplacementasnecessarynIMMUNIZATION:NonenPROPHYLAXIS:NoneVIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS-MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETS(MSDS)-3nSECTION VI-LABORATORY HAZARDSnLABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS:Atleast1reportedca
11、seoflaboratoryacquiredinfectionnSOURCES/SPECIMENS:Feces,infectedseafoodandseawaternPRIMARY HAZARDS:Ingestion,parenteralinoculation;importanceofaerosolhazardsnotknownnSPECIAL HAZARDS:NaturallyandexperimentallyinfectedanimalsareapotentialsourceofinfectionnSECTION VII-RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONSnCONTAINMEN
12、T REQUIREMENTS:Biosafetylevel2practicesandcontainmentforactivitieswithculturesorpotentiallyinfectiousclinicalmaterials;animalbiosafetylevel2practicesandfacilitiesforactivitieswithinfectedanimalsnPROTECTIVE CLOTHING:Laboratorycoat;gloveswhendirectcontactwithinfectiousmaterialsisunavoidablenOTHER PREC
13、AUTIONS:GoodpersonalhygieneandfrequenthandwashingnSECTION VIII-HANDLING INFORMATIONnSPILLS:Allowaerosolstosettle;wearingprotectiveclothing,gentlycoverspillwithpapertowelsandapply1%sodiumhypochlorite,startingatperimeterandworkingtowardsthecentre;allowsufficientcontacttime(30min)beforecleanupnDISPOSAL
14、:Decontaminatebeforedisposal;steamsterilization,chemicaldisinfectionnSTORAGE:InsealedcontainersthatareappropriatelylabelledVIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS-MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETS(MSDS)-4nSECTION IX-MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATIONnDate prepared:February,2001nPrepared by:OfficeofLaboratorySecurity,PHACnAlthoughthe
15、information,opinionsandrecommendationscontainedinthisMaterialSafetyDataSheetarecompiledfromsourcesbelievedtobereliable,weacceptnoresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,sufficiency,orreliabilityorforanylossorinjuryresultingfromtheuseoftheinformation.Newlydiscoveredhazardsarefrequentandthisinformationmaynotbeco
16、mpletelyuptodate.nCopyrightHealthCanada,2001生物醫產業可能發生的危害n生物性的危害n包括微生物、病毒等可能會造成過敏、免疫系統方面或致癌反應n產品所造成的危害n如員工當操作放射性物質時可能會於過之放射線物質,這些放射線物質亦可能經由當操作而污染環境n一般之製程危害n包括像是純化過程所使用之化學物質(腐蝕性或可燃性)、物因素(噪音、低溫)等生物性危害n微生物n包括人與動植物之病原體,如細菌、黴菌、病毒以及寄生蟲等。動物n實驗動物n噬咬、抓刮,或接觸動物血液、糞、毛髮、組織等而形成人畜共通疾病(zoonoses)。動物毛皮及液產生之過敏等n植物n植物性毒
17、物、過敏物等。生物性危害主要傳播方式n主要經由血液、體液(傷口)、空氣心、氣懸、攪拌、實驗動物噴嚏、動物咬傷與接觸等傳播方式所造成。空氣傳播n呼吸道進入的病原菌,往往是透過空氣或病人噴出的飛沫所造成n雖然許多微生物無法在乾燥的環境生存,但有些卻可以,如:結核桿菌、葡萄球菌及鏈球菌。空氣傳播之微生物n病毒n冠病毒(coronavirus),如SARSn依波病毒(Ebola)n細菌n退伍軍人菌屬(Legionellaspp.)n炭疽病(Anthrax)n結 核 分 枝 桿 菌 屬(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)n腸桿菌(Clostridium botulinum)n鼠疫菌(
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