Unit 4 知识重点总结讲义--高中英语外研版必修第一册.docx

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1、外研版必修一Unit4知识重点总结一， 重点词用法及相关短语：1. familiar-熟悉的 名词：familiarity熟悉 *1）be familiar to sb.-被某人熟知2） sb. be familiar with .-熟悉. similar-相似的 similarity-相似性 be similar to.2. adventure-n. 奇遇 adj-adventurous-惊险的 3. prefer-v. 更喜欢 n.-preference偏爱 *1）have a preference for sth.-偏爱.prefer相关短语回顾： *4. lose track of.-

2、keep track of 5.deliver-v. 递送，传送，交付，接生，助产，发表 n.-delivery 交付 5.advance-n.进步，进展 adj.-advanced-高级的，先进的 *1）in advance-预先，提前 =ahead of time 2) make an advance in.=make progress in 在.取得进步3） advance across.-前进穿过. 4)in advance of.-在.之前 6.maintain-v.保持 n.-maintenance 保养 7. enable-v. 使可能 -disabled v.使伤残 adj.-

3、无能力的 *enable sb. To do sth. 8. tend-v. 易于做某事 n.-tendency趋势 *1）have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的趋势 2） tend to do sth.-易于做某事 3）tend to sb.-照顾某人 4) a tendency towards.-.的倾向9. criminal-crime罪行 n. 10. acquire-v. 获得，购得 adj-acquired 已获得的， acquisition-获得物 acquirement-n. 获得 学得的东西 10. prove-v. 证明 n.proof-证据 * 1

4、) Its proved that.-已经证明. 2) prove+名词/that.证明.3) prove sb. to be +名词-证明某人是. 11.illustrate-v. 说明 n.-illustration-插图 n. illustrator-插图画家 12. inspiring-adj. 鼓舞人心的， n.-inspiration 灵感 fort-n.安慰 adj.-comfortable舒服的discomfort-不舒服 14.patience-n. 耐心 adj.-patient 有耐心的，名-病人 adv.-patiently-耐心地*1）lose patience wi

5、th.-对.失去耐心 2）have little patience with.-对.没有耐心 3）be patient with.-对.有耐心 15.humour-n. 幽默感 adj-humorous-幽默的 16. quality-n. 素质 n.-quantity-数量 qualify-v. 使有资格 *1）be of poor /good quality-好的/坏的素质 2）goods of a high quality-高质量的产品 17. anxious-adj. 焦虑的 n.-anxiety 焦虑， 不安 *1）with anxiety-不安地 2）be anxious for.

6、-渴望. 3)be anxious to do sth.-急于做. 4)be anxious about.-对.感到担心/焦虑18. distance-v. 使.保持距离 adj.-distant遥远的 remote遥远的 *1）in the distance-在远方 3） from a distance-从远处 3）distance oneself from sth.-撇清自己与关系 19. dine-v. 就餐 diner-就餐者 20.fortune-巨款 *fame and fortune20. hustle v.-拼命干 =work hard 21.turn up-出现 *1） tu

7、rn to sb.-求助于某人 2) turn over-翻身，认真思考 3）turn out to be.-结果是. 4)turn round-转身 5)turn on=switch on 打开21. appoint-v.i 约定，指定 adj-appointed 约定的 22. scene-场景 ,现场，地点，场面， 景色，领域 *1) beyond the scenes-在后台 2）on the scene在现场23. location-n.地点 v. locate 建造 找出. 课文重点： 24. what if.？-要是.将会怎样 25.stay in touch with.-与.保

8、持联系 26.social medial tools-社交媒体工具 27 be up to.-取决于./ 正在做 28.maintain friendships-维持友情 29.contain contact with-与.保持联系 30. the digital age-数据时代 31.enable sb. To do sth.-促使某人做.32. connect.with.-把.和.联系在一起 33.real and meaningful-真实有意的 34.keep in mind-牢记 make up ones mind to do sth.-决定做某事 35.positive upda

9、tes-积极的最新消息 37. throw the baby out with the bathwater-部分良莠不分一起扔掉 38. long for-渴望 39. make a statement-做陈述 40.distance oneself from.-使.自己置.之外41. be set in.-以.为背景 42.leave work-下班 43.go up to.-走向.44. have a chat-进行聊天 45.be to start for-准备向.出发 46. make ones fortune-发财47. drag . out of.-把.从.拖出 48.ought

10、to-应该做. 49.work out.-得到，算出50. have sth. done-让.被. 51.between two meets-两次会面 52.keep hustling-坚持拼命干53. at the appointed place-在约定的地方 54. strike the match-划着火柴 55.a plain clothes man-一位便衣警察 56.step out of.-走出. 57.a familiar-looking man-一位长相熟悉的面孔二 重点句型及句式：1. What if the only way of getting news from fa

11、raway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered ?-getting news from faraway friends 为ways的后置定语，writing.为表语，that后为定语从句1） What if. ?如果. 将会怎样？-后跟陈述句，表建议或假设，表假设时候可以用虚拟语气如：What if I fail ? 2. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if

12、 they live on the other side of the world.-让步状语从句和定语从句3. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.-that引导宾语从句，宾从中又包含一个what引导的主语从句4. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing fo

13、r friends remain the same.-although引导让步状语从句，让步状语从句中又包含一个定语从句，主句为主系表结构。5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.-此句子中含一个让步状语从句，和宾语从句.have sth. done结构We must have the work finished by Tuesday.6. At first it

14、 was difficult to communication with her.-Its +adj. （for sb./of sb.）to do sth.-对某人说做某事是.的, 表述人的品质时用of sb.常见形容词有 kind, polite, silly, friendly, foolish, cruel, rude, clever, wise, right等。 It is always polite of him to communicate with others.7. This makes it clear to the other person that you are giv

15、ing them a choice.-make/consider/find /think/feel+it+adj/n.(for sb./sth.) to do sth./从句-使得认为/想/感觉/发现做某事是.,it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语 Whatever he do, he makes it perfect to finish the things.三重点语法：定语从句: A.限性定语从句：对所修饰的意思加以限制，表示“.的人或物”的定语从句称为限制性定语从句。引导词：关系代词：关系代词先行词 所缺少的成分which 物 主 宾 who 人主 宾 whom 人宾 that 人 物

16、主 宾 whose人 物 定关系副词：关系副词先行词所缺的成分when时间名词状语where地点名词whyreasonas用于引导限定性定语从句时，主要与such, as, the same连用,其意思为”像.的”“和.一样的”He is not such a fool as he looks.It is the same as we can see.2. 关系代词或副词能省略的情况：1）先行词是day,year, time等少数几个词，且关系词在从句中做状语时，关系词可以用when或that,也可省略。如：Ill never forget the day we met.2) 先行词是reas

17、on且关系词在从句中做状语，可以省略：The reason he failed was his laziness.3) 先行词是way且关系词在定语从句中做状语时，关系词可以用in which 或that,也可以省略。That was the way she worked the problem out.4) 关系词在句中做宾语，可以省略 3. 关系代词that与which的情况：1）只用that的情况：人物一马当先，序数最高用在前，不定代词常出现the only, the very 露面，who提问避免重复that见The most important thing that we shoul

18、d pay attention to is the first thing that Ive said.This is the very person that I have mentioned in the street只有which：1)非限只用which指物，用who/whom指人.2) 介词后只能用which指物whom指人。3) 先行词本身是that时，用which。先行词为those,one,he时多用who4) 非限定性用which ,介词后指物用which 4.关系副词和关系副词转换情况：引导副词when, why, where可以用相应副词介词+which ，介词放which

19、前，where=相应on/in at which, when=in/at/during which, why=for which,但是含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T正确)F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F错误) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whoseTh

20、e man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词、数词或者名词。He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone

21、bad.【易错点】正确运用介词+关系代词知识点 3 判断介词和关系代词考点/易错点1 【考查点】用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。 （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.【易错点】正确辨别谓语动词知识点 4 特定情况【考查点】the way做先行词时引导词用:that/in wh

22、ich/ /【易错点】正确运用引导词 B.非限定性定从：没有限制词义的作用，只是起补充作用通常有逗号，that不能当先行词，which作先行词 非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰或补充说明,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.1. as作关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句，位于句首、句中、句尾。意思为“正如.”,从句中常含有：see, know, hear, watch, report, remember, say, tell, show, expect

23、, guess等，这类词与as连用几乎成固定搭配。 as we all know, as we all can see, as I can remember, as you can see, as often happens, as was expect, as can be seen, as may be imined, As we all know, China is a beautiful country with a long history.（句首） The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.（句中） Tom works hard and

24、is willing to help others, as is known to everybody.（句尾）2. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物，如果需要用why，可用for which代替 3. .限定性与非限定性区别：作用不同：1）限定性说的是先行词必不可少的情况，非限定性是对先行词进行补充解释 2）形式不同：限定关系词和先行词不用逗号隔开，非限定性关系词和先行词用逗号分开 3）先行词不同：限定性只能是名词或代词，非限定性可以是名词或代词，也可以是句子2） 关系词不同：限定性可用that; 关

25、系代词作宾语that可以省略；非限定性不用that; 关系代词作宾语不可省略 5）译法不同：译成“.的”， 非限定性主句和从句分开译，从句可以译作并列句。Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.We have launched another man-made satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.3.as 与which的区别：as引导限制性定语从句结构：the same.as.和.一样的/such.

26、as.像.之类的作用：Its the same person （主句）as we wanted to find yesterday.（定语从句）1）as引导的从句可以放任何位置，which引导的只能放句中2） which可以做定语或介词的宾语，而as不能：He may with the competition, in which case he likely to get into the national team.3) 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不是as.Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn

27、t like at all.总结复习指引：1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别； 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；5. suchas与suchthat的区别；the sameas与the samethat的区别；6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查； 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；8.含有插入语的定语从句； 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。二准备练习：弄清以下概念：什么是定语从句？什么是先行词？什么样的词能做先行词？ 什么是关系代词、关系副词？有哪些？ 4学科网（北京）股份有限公司