英文-派生-前后缀(共6页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上重点知识补充:构词法英语单词的构成有一定的规律,这种规律称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。构词法主要有三种:派生法、合成法和转换法。一、派生法在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法。词缀分为前缀和后缀。(一)后缀:许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1.构成名词的常用后缀有:(1)-er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。如:writer, translator, trainee, employee, scientist
2、, physicist, musician, physician, Italian, Asian, Chinese, assistant等。(2)-ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -al, -ing, -ity, -ment, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。如:acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repetition, preparation, discussion, division, arrival, survival, approval, dis
3、approval, building, reality, simplicity, ability, rapidity, regularity, argument, warmth, length, growth, safety, leadership, failure, pressure, friendship等。(3)其他名词后缀:-hood, -ness, -ology, -phy。如:childhood, neighborhood(附近,街坊), motherhood(母性,母亲身份), kindness, happiness, sadness, biology, psychology,
4、philosophy, geography2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有:-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -y, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。如:available, suitable, responsible, natural, national, powerful, helpful, faithful, successful, fearless, useless, helpless, selfless, selfish, childish, decisive, famous,
5、continuous, African, American, European, scientific, historic, friendly, lively, thirsty, noisy, pleasant, dependent, consistent(一贯的), imaginary, golden, wooden等。3. 构成动词的常用后缀有:-ise/ize, -en, -ify等。如:modernize, realize, widen, strengthen, beautify, modify(修饰)等。4. 构成副词的后缀有:-ly, -ward(s), -wise。例如:comp
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