高考英语短文改错常见错误类型(共23页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上常见错误类型 高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。笔者对近几高考英语短文改错年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(例题保留原题号) 1. 动词时态 每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 (1)(2003全国卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was. 84. read (and连接并列谓语) (2)(2004江苏卷)At once I apolog
2、ize and controlled myself. 83. apologized (and连接并列谓语) (3)(2004全国卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,. 82. talk (根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时) (4)(2005全国卷)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took (把照片寄给你,应该是已经拍好的,用过去时) (5)(2005全国卷) There are advantage for s
3、tudents to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is (从上下文判断,应该是现在时,谓语用is) (6)(2005江苏卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and连接并列谓语) 2. 名词单复数 单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。 (1)(2003全国卷)Their word were a grea
4、t encouragement to me. 85. words (是把word改为words 还是把were改为was,根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。) (2)(2004江苏)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修饰复数名词) (3)(2004全国卷) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes (a few修饰复数名词) (4)(2005全国卷)But one and a half year later. 79. years (one a
5、nd a half意思为一年半,故判断此处year应为复数形式) (5)(2005全国卷)There are advantage for students to work. 76. advantages (从there are 判断应该用名词复数) 3. 句子结构 句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 (1)(2004 全国卷)I wont be able to meet you at the airport
6、 although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as (复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当) (2)(2004 全国卷) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. 81. why (复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当) (3)(2005全国卷)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work (缺谓语动词) (4)(2005全国卷)Earning their own
7、 money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows (主语是动名词短语Earning their own money,谓语应该用单数) (5)(2005江苏卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was (主语是第三人称单数) 4. 赘述 高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。 (1)(2003全国卷80)I followed her ad
8、vice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should (并列谓语,should多余) (2)(2004 全国卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about (tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句) (3)(2004重庆卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, . 78. to (look up a word查字典) (4)(2005全国卷)Some students may also to
9、save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情态动词may后接动词原形) (5)(2005江苏卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是连词for是介词,不能并列) 5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配) 所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。 (1)(2003全国卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on
10、 paper as I was . 81. talking (enjoy doing为固定短语) (2)(2004 全国卷)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短语) (3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82 with (provide . with为固定短语) (4)(2005全国卷)I am writing to thank you with yo
11、ur kind help. 76. for (thank sb for sth) (5)(2005全国卷) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with (with money) 6. 冠词 英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。 (1)(2004 全国卷)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根据句义是特指这个周末) (2)(2
12、004江苏卷)When I was boy, . 76. a (我是一个男孩,应用不定冠词 a.) (3)(2004 辽宁卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an (English开头字母是元音,应该用an) (4)(2004重庆卷)I started writing down words from books that I read. 82. the (名词后由从句修饰时,应使用定冠词) (5)(2005全国卷)I hope youve hadpleasant journey home and will come to Chi
13、na 83. a 7. 代词 代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。 (1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own . 78. their (指代对象应一致) (2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。) (3)(2005全国卷)Some students
14、may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代对象应一致) (4)(2005江苏卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him (play a trick on sb) 8. 连词及与并置问题 连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在。 (1)(2004江苏卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious
15、 dishes. 79. and (从句意可知,此处表并列关系,应用and) (2)(2004全国卷)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列关系,“于是、同时、然后”等意思) (3)(2004全国卷)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet (连接的词性应一致) 9. 易混淆的词或词组 易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词,也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。 (1)(2
16、004全国卷)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容词做表语) (2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately (副词做状语) (3)(2003全国卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything (在陈述句中一般用everything) (4)(2004 重庆卷).but I had terribly pro
17、blems memorizing them. 77. terrible (作定语应用形容词) (5)(2005全国卷)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible (系动词后用形容词作表语)以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学,但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型,解题时就不会盲目从事,而能做到有的放矢。短文改错题常见的错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。2、名词 的数与格的误用。3、主谓不一致的错误。学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。4、代词的指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性
18、包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称;代词的数分为单数和复数;代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词;代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致。6、非谓语动词的误用。非谓语动词的难点主要体现在Ving形式和过去分词的用法区别、Ving形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词,作表语说明主语的性质、特征;而副词的作用较复杂,常常修饰形容词 、副词 、介
19、词短语、动词或全句。形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象:省略不当;自身比较;修饰语的误用;than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。8、关联词语的误用。关联词分并列连词 and,but,or,so,when等,从属连词各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:and,but,or,so等之间的混用;because与so并用;although与but并用;why 与because并用;come与go混用;here与there混用。9、平行结构的误用。平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。平行
20、结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。在平行结构中常用的并列连词 有and,but,or,than等。10、成分的多与少多一词或少一词。多或少的词语,常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等,不过有时也可能是实义词。在短文改错中常出现repeat back,serve for等错误。这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响,或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的。11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。短文改错题常见的错误类型剖析1、多词多冠词。I caught a
21、sigh of my English in the crowd。析sight是不可数名词,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意为“看见”。故应去掉a。多介词。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作时间状语的名词短语多了介词,故应去掉for固定搭配中多词。I was used to watch it 。此 例属于used to do 与be used to两个固定搭配的误用,据句意应去was。即“过去常常”之意。行文逻辑上多词。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first
22、可知是刚刚开始向别人讲述自己的事情,故只能说something ,而不要加more.词义重复。Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意为“整个周末”,再加上all ,词义重复。故去all.出现冗言现象。Today I visited the Smiths _my first time visit to an American family . 本句中first 修饰visit ,vsit 此处为名词,意为“我的第一次访问”,time多余。2、缺词名词前缺限定词。The da
23、y before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根据上下文分析,此处English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英语教师,故应English teacher 前加上my ,表达一个更确切的概念。缺动词不定式符号to. Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加动词,需to,构成固定搭配would like to do something,意为“想做某事”。缺系动词。What your
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