专题十五　动词的非谓语形式（讲解部分）-精品文档资料整理.pptx

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1、课标导航考点清单栏目索引专题十五动词的非谓语形式高考英语高考英语课标导航考点清单栏目索引课标导航课标导航动词的非谓语形式 课标导航考点清单栏目索引考点清单考点清单非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词有动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,还可以有自己的宾语、状语等,其常见形式如下。形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done动词的-ing形式doing having donebein

2、g donehaving been done动词的-ed形式done课标导航考点清单栏目索引高考常考点详解高考常考点详解考点一考点一不定式不定式(一)作状语1.不定式作目的状语形式位置例句to+动词原形句首,句中In order to/To make a study of kangaroos,he went to Australia.为了研究袋鼠,他去了澳大利亚。Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in order to/to visit her.她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。in

3、 order to+动词原形句首,句中so as to+动词原形句中课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.不定式作结果状语形式意义例句to+动词原形结果What have I done to offend you?我做什么了结果把你冒犯了?only to+动词原形结果却(表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。so+形容词或副词+as to+动词原形如此以至于Im not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写

4、下来。too.to+动词原形太以至于不能Im too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了,不能再熬夜了。课标导航考点清单栏目索引注意:在only too.to结构中,too.to.不是“太而不能”之意,而是“非常”,相当于“very.to.”。与only too.to.搭配的形容词常见的有pleased、ready、willing、glad、happy等。Im only too glad to have passed the exam.(Im very glad to have passed the exam.)考试及格了,我非常高兴。3.在“主语+系动词+表语(

5、形容词)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、dif-ficult、important、impossible、interesting、pleasant、nice、comfortable、safe、dangerous等。This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。课标导航考点清单栏目索引This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。4.不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定

6、式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有happy、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、pleased等。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时,我是多么高兴。(二)作定语1.有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语,而这些名词也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有wish、decision、refusal、arrangement、intention、agree-ment、h

7、ope、need、plan、promise、failure、attempt、offer、warning等。课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容,它们是chance、opportunity、reason、way、effort、measure、movement、power、right、skill、strength、struggle、idea等。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一个奇特的方法使他的课既生动又有趣。例句比较I dont trust his promise to

8、come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。He promised to come for a visit.He said he had no plans to go there.他说他没有要去那里的计划。He didnt plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.他试图站起来。He attempted to stand up.课标导航考点清单栏目索引3.当名词被序数词或the only、the next、the last、the right修饰,且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时,用不定式的主动形式作定语。She was

9、the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。He was the only one to survive the plane crash.他是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。4.有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语,而这些名词也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有ability、anxiety、patience、determination等。例句比较A good teacher must have the ability to make him-self understood.一个好教师必须有把自己的意

10、思讲明白的能力。He is able to make himself understood.他有能力把自己的意思讲明白。课标导航考点清单栏目索引5.中心词是作定语的不定式的动作的执行者,动词不定式所表示的动作一般后于谓语动词或在将来发生。He had no photographs to remind him of the past.他没有照片来使他回顾过去的事情。(remind后于had)Is there anybody to carry on the work?有人要继续这项工作吗?(to carry on表示将来)易错提示易错提示The Browns have a comfortable

11、house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。Do you have a cup to drink water with?你有用来喝水的杯子吗?课标导航考点清单栏目索引但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time、place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no place to live.他没有地方住。(三)作宾语下列动词一般用不定式作宾语口诀对应动词例句决心学会想希望 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishShe pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过

12、时,她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet here but so far She hasnt turned up yet.我们约好了在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。拒绝设法愿假装 refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划 offer,promise,choose,plan同意请求帮一帮 agree,ask/beg,help课标导航考点清单栏目索引I happened to see my friend yesterday.昨天我碰巧看到了我的朋友。(四)作补语1.后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,en

13、courage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,in-vite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等。You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.常用不定式作补语的句型Sb./Sth.be said/believed/

14、known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他。He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)据说他出国了。Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热能被认为是一种能量形式。Youre supposed to pay the bill by Friday.你应该在星期五前结清这笔账。课标导航考点清单栏目索引考点

15、二考点二动词的动词的-ing-ing形式形式(一)作宾语(此时动词的-ing形式通常被称为动名词)1.作动词或词组的宾语口诀对应动词（词组）例句考虑建议盼原谅 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardonThe squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。I can hardly imagine Peter s

16、ailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。He got well-pre-pared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。承认推迟没得想 admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想)避免错过继续练 avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice否认完成就欣赏 deny,finish,enjoy/appr

17、eciate禁止想象才冒险 forbid,imagine,risk不禁介意准逃亡 cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape课标导航考点清单栏目索引课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.作介词的宾语无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语一般情况下要用动名词形式作宾语。I strengthen my body by working out every day.我每天锻炼身体以增强体质。If you insist on doing something,do it every day.如果你坚持做某件事,那就每天做。课标导航考点清单栏目索引易错提示to既可以作介词,又可以作不定式符号,因

18、此要牢记含介词to的常用短语课标导航考点清单栏目索引可将介词in省略的短语、句型例句(in)doingI had no difficulty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。可将介词in省略的短语、句型课标导航考点清单栏目索引(二)作状语(此时动词的-ing形式通常被称为现在分词)现在分词作状语多表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。形式意义例句重点掌握doing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或没有一定的时间性He stood there,smiling at me.他站在那儿对我微笑。having done与句中主语

19、为逻辑上的主动关系,先于句中谓语动词的动作发生Having finished the work,I felt very relaxed.完成作业后,我感到非常放松。课标导航考点清单栏目索引形式意义例句一般了解being done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与句中谓语的动词动作同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句首Being taught by the teacher,I made great progress.由于老师的教导,我进步很大。having been done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于句中谓语动词的动作发生Having been told many times,he stil

20、l repeated the same mistake.虽然被告诉过很多次了,他仍然重复犯同样的错误。续表课标导航考点清单栏目索引(三)作定语分词形式作定语时的意义例句v.-ing被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner.除了在一个角落里立着的书架外,这个房间空空如也。(主动)being+过去分词被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表示动作正在进行The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。(被动,正

21、在进行)课标导航考点清单栏目索引分词形式作定语时的意义例句过去分词被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成“Things lost never come a-gain!”I couldnt help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语:“覆水难收啊!”(被动,完成)考点三考点三动词的动词的-ed-ed形式形式(一)作定语(二)作表语过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。Father,dont be worried.Everything is all right now.爸爸,别担心。现在一切都好啦。课标导航考点清单栏目索引课标必备点梳理课标必备点梳理一、动名词和不定式作主语和表

22、语1.动名词和不定式作主语和表语的区别功能用法例句作主语和表语动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火是危险的。(泛指玩火)His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)不定式多表示具体的动作,尤指某一次的动作To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火会发生危险。(指一次具体的动作)Your task today is to wash the curtain.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的动作)课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.

23、动名词和不定式作主语的常用句型(1)下列句型中常用动名词作主语It is/was+doing sth.Its no use complaining.抱怨没有用。It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。(2)下列句型中常用不定式作主语It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes/took sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary.+for sb.+to do sth.课标导航考点清单栏目索

24、引It+be+careless,clever,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,silly,stupid,wise.+of sb.+to do sth.Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间来完成这项工作?It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文。It is stupid of you

25、 to write down everything(that)the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。知识拓展现在分词也可作表语,表示“令人的”。课标导航考点清单栏目索引The film is exciting.这部电影激动人心。二、动词的-ed形式作状语动词的-ed形式作状语多表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等,其动作与句子谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或存在。The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)老师进了实验室,后面跟着一些学生。Hit by the lack of fresh ai

26、r,he got a bad headache.由于缺乏新鲜空气,他头疼得厉害。(原因)三、动词的非谓语形式作补语1.感官动词see、watch、observe、notice、hear、feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see 为例:课标导航考点清单栏目索引I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动,正在进行)课标导航考

27、点清单栏目索引I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过那个小女孩的房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(被动,正在进行)Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性)易错提示“五看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)Someone

28、was heard to come up the stairs.听见有人上楼了。课标导航考点清单栏目索引2.使役动词make、let、have、get后接复合宾语的情况(1)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。(2)Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。课标导航考点清单栏目索引Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做。易

29、错提示have sth.done还表示“使遭受”之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆踢足球时弄伤了腿。课标导航考点清单栏目索引Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在史密斯先生外出度假期间,他家被盗了。have sb.doing若用于否定句中,其中have有“允许、容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。have还可用于have something

30、 to do结构,该结构中have作“有”讲,不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有紧急的事要通知你们。课标导航考点清单栏目索引(4)He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。课标导航考点清单栏目索引(1)le

31、aveIts wrong to leave the machine running.让机器一直运转着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste deli-cious.大部分的菜客人们动都没动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成)3.动词leave、keep、find、catch后加动词的非谓语形式作复合宾语的情况课标导航考点清单栏目索引He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来)We

32、 hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)(2)keepKeep the engine running.别让发动机熄火。You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。(3)find课标导航考点清单栏目索引We found him to be dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。Often I found her quietly weeping alone.我经常发现她独自

33、默默流泪。I found him buried in a novel.我发现他在埋头读一本小说。(4)catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事I caught John reading my private letters.我撞见约翰在偷看我的私人信件。课标导航考点清单栏目索引易混易错点突破易混易错点突破一、下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词,也可以跟不定式,但意义上有区别课标导航考点清单栏目索引二、to be done、done和being done作定语的区别形式意义例句to be done表被动、将来The question to be discussed at tomorr

34、ows meeting is very im-portant.明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。done表被动、完成Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗?being done表被动、正在进行Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!正被唱的这首歌非常受学生们的欢迎。课标导航考点清单栏目索引三、英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人的”,过去分词形式表示“感到的”四、with后接动词的非谓语形式作宾语补足语withJohn r

35、eceived an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly ac-cepted it.约翰收到了一份宴请函并且他的工作也完成了,于是他欣然接受了邀请。课标导航考点清单栏目索引With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决,这位新选的总统的日子不好过。五、need、want、require既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,但用法不同用法例句sb.to do st

36、h.He needs to leave at once.他需要立即离开。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这扇窗户需要擦一下。sth.+课标导航考点清单栏目索引六、deserve、be worth、be worthy(of)既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,但用法不同七、动词不定式在but、other than后面时,如果前面有行为动词do的某种形式,那么后面的不定式不带to,否则就要带to(1)We could do nothing but/other than wait.(2)We had nothing to do but/other tha

37、n wait.用法例句The place is worth visiting.=The place is worthy to be visited.=The place is worthy of being visited.这个地方值得参观。课标导航考点清单栏目索引(3)We had no choice but to wait.八、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式作状语时,为了表示强调,可与while、when、once、if、unless等连词连用,构成状语从句的省略He went through the papers while having breakfast.他边吃早饭边看报纸。Anyone,once tested positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.任何人,一旦被检测出感染H7N9流感病毒,将得到政府的免费治疗。