初中英语语法大全a.ppt
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1、试题结构试题结构听力题听力题阅读理解阅读理解选择题选择题翻译题翻译题填空题填空题作文题作文题选择题选择题n n选择题共有10道道n n占总分的5%n n内容主要考察语法语法返回返回序序序序号号号号语法类别语法类别语法类别语法类别2009-2009-12122010-62010-6 2010-2010-1212合计合计合计合计比例比例比例比例1 1非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词3 37 74 4141418.518.52 2定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句1 13 32 26 611.7411.743 3状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句3 32 23 38 812.5712.574 4
2、名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句2 21 11 14 49.859.855 5虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气1 12 21 14 49.859.856 6强调句和倒强调句和倒强调句和倒强调句和倒装句装句装句装句1 10 01 12 25.345.347 7主谓一致和主谓一致和主谓一致和主谓一致和反义疑问句反义疑问句反义疑问句反义疑问句1 11 10 02 25.345.34题题 型型n n虚虚拟拟语语气气n n分分词词结结构构n n主主谓谓一一致致n n倒倒装装结结构构n n从从句句结结构构n n独独立立主主格格n n时时态态结结构构虚拟语气虚拟语气n n虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观
3、愿望主观愿望或假假想想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。返回返回If 非真实条件句非真实条件句(1)If If 从句动词从句动词主句动词主句动词与与现在现在现在现在事实相反事实相反 一般过去时一般过去时(did/weredid/were)情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词+do+do 与与过去过去过去过去事实相反事实相反过去完成时过去完成时(had donehad done)情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词+have done+have done 与与将来将来将来将来事实相反事实相反一般过去时一般过去时(did/weredid/were)would+dowould+do were+
4、to do were+to do should+do should+do If 非真实条件句非真实条件句(2)n n与现在现在事实相反n nIf they were here,they would help you.If 非真实条件句非真实条件句(3)n n与与过去过去过去过去事实相反事实相反n nIf she If she had workedhad worked harder,she harder,she would have would have succeededsucceeded.n nThe rice The rice wouldwould notnot have beenhave
5、 been burnt if you burnt if you had beenhad been more careful.more careful.n nIf he If he had comehad come yesterday,I yesterday,I should/would have toldshould/would have told him about it.him about it.If 非真实条件句非真实条件句(4)n n与与将来将来将来将来事实相反事实相反n nIf you If you succeededsucceeded,everything,everything w
6、ould bewould be all right.all right.n nIf you If you should succeedshould succeed,everything,everything would bewould be all right.all right.n nIf you If you were to succeedwere to succeed,everything,everything would bewould be all right.all right.I wish(1)从句动词从句动词与与现在现在现在现在事实相反事实相反一般过去时(一般过去时(diddi
7、d)与与过去过去过去过去事实相反事实相反过去完成时过去完成时(had donehad done)与与将来将来将来将来事实相反事实相反 would+dowould+do I wish(2)n nI wish I were as tall as you.n n我希望和你一样高。n nI wished I hadnt said that.n n他希望他没讲过那样的话。n nI wish it would rain tomorrow.n n我希望明天下雨就好了。特殊动词特殊动词+宾语从句宾语从句(should)+don n建议建议建议建议n nsuggest/propose/advise/recomm
8、end suggest/propose/advise/recommend n n要求要求要求要求n ndemand/desire/insist/require/request demand/desire/insist/require/request n n命令命令命令命令n norder/command order/command n n意志意志意志意志n nurge/prefer/maintain/objecturge/prefer/maintain/object特殊名词特殊名词+表语表语/同位语从句同位语从句(should)+don n建议n n要求n n命令n n意志主语从句主语从句It
9、 is+adj./p.p.+that(should)+don n特殊动词的特殊动词的形容词形容词形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词形式:形式:n nsuggested/desirable/advisable/demanded/urgent/suggested/desirable/advisable/demanded/urgent/preferablepreferablen n特殊特殊形容词形容词形容词形容词:n n important/impossible/necessary/natural/essential important/impossible/necessary/natu
10、ral/essential n n特殊特殊名词名词名词名词:n na pity/a shame a pity/a shame It is(high/about)time+(that)主语从句主语从句did n n表示做某事的时间早完了或早该做了。表示做某事的时间早完了或早该做了。n n从句动词用从句动词用一般过去式一般过去式一般过去式一般过去式表示虚拟。表示虚拟。n n例:例:It is high time you It is high time you wentwent to bed.to bed.would/had+rather/sooner+宾语从句宾语从句n nI would rath
11、er you did it now.n nI would rather you came here tomorrow.n nI would rather you had come here yesterday.as if/as though n nHe talks as if he He talks as if he knewknew where she is where she is nownown nHe talks about Rome as if he He talks about Rome as if he had beenhad been there there beforebef
12、oren nHe opens his mouth as if he He opens his mouth as if he would saywould say something somethinglest/in case/for fear that(should)+don nHe checked his car carefully lest it should break down on the way.but for+n./but+(that)从句从句要不是要不是要不是要不是/如果不是因为如果不是因为如果不是因为如果不是因为 without /with no 如果没有如果没有如果没有如果
13、没有/如果不是如果不是如果不是如果不是would have donen nThey would have helped us willingly but(that)they happened to be short of hands,too.If only:要是要是就好了!就好了!n n与与现在现在现在现在事实相反:事实相反:n nIf only I If only I werewere a boy.a boy.n n与与过去过去过去过去事实相反:事实相反:n nIf only he If only he had beenhad been here then.here then.n n与与将来
14、将来将来将来事实相反:事实相反:n nIf only I If only I hadhad another chance.another chance.n nIf only I If only I could seecould see you tomorrow.you tomorrow.分分 词词n n分词是一种分词是一种非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词形式形式n n现在现在现在现在分词:表示分词:表示主动主动n n过去过去过去过去分词:表示分词:表示被动被动被动被动n n分词可以做前置分词可以做前置/后置后置定语定语定语定语n n分词可以做时间分词可以做时间/条件条件/原因原因/结果
15、结果/让步让步/伴随伴随状语状语状语状语返回返回主谓一致主谓一致 n n主谓一致指“人称”和“数”之间的一致关系n n语法一致语法一致(grammatical concord)n n意义一致意义一致(notional concord)n n就近原则就近原则(principle of proximity)返回返回语法一致语法一致n n主语为单数单数形式,谓语动词用单数单数形式。n nThe number of the students present is 200n n主语为复数复数形式,谓语动词用复数复数形式。n nJane and Mary look alike.意义一致意义一致n n主语形
16、式虽为主语形式虽为单数单数单数单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数复数复数复数。n n如:如:The crowd were shouting.The crowd were shouting.n n单数形式代表单数形式代表复数复数复数复数内容的词有:内容的词有:peoplepeople,personnelpersonnel,policepolice,cattlecattle,youthyouth,mankindmankind,等。等。n n主语形式为主语形式为复数复数复数复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数单数单数单数。n n如:如:The
17、 news was so surprising.The news was so surprising.n n复数形式单数意义的复数形式单数意义的单词单词单词单词有有newsnews和一些以和一些以-ics-ics结尾的学科结尾的学科名称,如名称,如physicsphysics,politicspolitics,economicseconomics等。等。就近原则就近原则n n谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词。谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词。n n这类词包括:这类词包括:oror,eitheroreitheror,neithernotneithernot,not not onl
18、ybut alsoonlybut also,there bethere be 结构结构n nEitherEither your students your students oror Mr.Wang Mr.Wang knowsknows this.this.each/every/non n each/every/no+n.+and +each/every/no+n.+V.单单单单n nEach boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.主谓倒装中的主谓一致主谓倒装中的主谓一致n n在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词与其后的主语一致。在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词与
19、其后的主语一致。n n如:如:Between the two windows Between the two windows hangshangs a picturea picture.andn nandand连接的并列主语如果指的是连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人同一个人同一个人同一个人、同一同一同一同一 事物事物事物事物或或 同一概念同一概念同一概念同一概念时,谓语动词用时,谓语动词用单数单数单数单数形式,这时形式,这时andand后面的名后面的名 词没有冠词。词没有冠词。n nA A(knife (knife andand fork)fork)is is on the table.on
20、the table.n nThe girlsThe girls(teacher (teacher andand friend)friend)is is a young doctor.a young doctor.n nTruth Truth andand honesty honesty is is the best policy.the best policy.n nTo love To love andand to be loved to be loved is is great happiness.great happiness.n nGoing to bed early Going to
21、 bed early andand getting up early getting up early is is a good habit.a good habit.with 等等n n当主语后面跟有:当主语后面跟有:as well asas well as/as much asas much as/no less thanno less than/along withalong with/together withtogether with/with with/likelike/rather thanrather than/but but/exceptexcept/besidesbesid
22、es/including including/in addition toin addition to 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数视主等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。语而定。n n如:如:The teacher The teacher as well asas well as the students the students waswas reading reading in the library.in the library.one and a halfn n表示数量的表示数量的one and a halfone and a half后,后,名词名词名词名词要用
23、要用复数复数复数复数形形式,但是其短语作主语时,式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语谓语谓语谓语动词用动词用单数单数单数单数形形式。式。n n如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.one of+定语从句定语从句n none of+pl.+引导词+V.复复复复 n nthe only one of+pl.+引导词+V.单单单单n nThis is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.n nShe was the only one of the girls who was la
24、te.倒倒 装装 n n含义含义含义含义:为了表达上的需要,有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句:为了表达上的需要,有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序,把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法,的一般次序,把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法,叫做倒装。叫做倒装。n n作用作用作用作用:运用倒装,可以加强语势,调和音节,错综句法。:运用倒装,可以加强语势,调和音节,错综句法。n n完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装:V+V+S S (地点(地点/方向副词或介词短语位于句首)方向副词或介词短语位于句首)n n部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装:助动词助动词助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词+S
25、S+V V (其它情况)(其它情况)返回返回倒装分类倒装分类n nhere here 等方向副词等方向副词等方向副词等方向副词+go+go等位移动词等位移动词+名词主语名词主语 n nin in 等地点副词等地点副词等地点副词等地点副词+V+V+名词主语名词主语 n nso so(肯)(肯)(肯)(肯)/nor/neither nor/neither(否)(否)(否)(否)+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语n nsoso+adj./adv.+adj./adv.+助动词助动词+主语主语+V+V+that that 从句从句 n nonly+only+介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语 n
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