中考形容词、副词知识点.docx

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1、 1、概念：形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征，用来修饰名词或不定代词，常作定语、表语、宾补2、分类：（1）根据构成，可分为简单形容词（kind, boring）和复合形容词（kind-hearted, hard-working）（2）根据与所修饰的名词的关系，分为限定性形容词（a French dish, a Chinese table）和描述性形容词（a delicious dish, a smooth table）3、形容词的一般用法（1）形容词+名词，作定语a good girl（good 作 girl 的定语）（2）be/系动词+形容词，作表语It is good. / It so

2、unds great.（good 表明 it 的状态和性质）（3）表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语eg：awake, alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill, frightened（scared 可作定语）（4）动词+形容词(make / keepadj.)，作宾补Robots can make humans lazy.（humans 是宾语，lazy 作宾补）（5）数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）eg：two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 2

3、8 years old.（6）the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数the old / young / rich / poor.（7）形似副词的形容词lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly（8）以 ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以 ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人eg：exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened, disappointing-disap

4、pointedbe sorry / sad / sure to do sth.be easy / difficult to do sth.eg：little, only, wooden, woolen, eldereg：thisbignewredplasticpen描述性形容词形状（大小，长短）small新旧颜色weakmanbridgedeskbeautifulprettynicewhiteredblueeg：old / tall / quickly enough 修饰动词（3）用作表语，主要限于少数地点或方位副词，时间副词以及其它副词（in, out, on, off, up, down,

5、 over, around）eg：I am home. / Hell be back in two minutes.First, lets begin our class with a song.up：look up, send up, put up, dress up, ring up, give upout：find out, wear out, sell out, try out, take outon：put on, try on, turn onoff：turn off, take off其它的：look over, look around6、几个常用副词的区别（1）how long

6、 / soon / often / farHow long 问时间和物体的长短” How often 问做某事的频率，常用“once, twice, three times”来回答How far 问距离的长短hardly“几乎不 ，否定副词He can hardly see the words on the blackboard.”（3）much too / too muchmuch too+adj. / adv.原级，与too many 相对，中心词是tooeg：much too cold / He finished his homework much too quickly.too muc

7、h+不可数名词，中心词时muchHe has too much time.eg：He is too young to go to school. eg：He is so young that he cant go to school.eg：The bottle can break easily.1、adj. & adv.的比较级和最高级的规则变化：（1）单音节形容词的比较级和最高级 一般末尾直接加er 和 esteg：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest, large-larger-largest 辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词，去y 加 ier 和 iest2

8、、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good, well-better-(the) best, bad, badly, ill-worse-(the) worst, many, much-more-(the) most, old-elder,little-less-(the) least, far-farther-farthest（掌握）或 further-furthest（了解）3、三级的用法（1）原级的用法： 只能修饰原级的有very, as, so, too, enough, quite等表示“A 和 B 的程度相同”e) less + adj. / adv.原级+thaneg：She is less beautiful than her sister.He runs less quickly than Jim.（2）比较级的用法：A+v.+比较级+than+B，表示 比“A B”A+v.+倍 数+比较级+than+B，表示 比“A B” “Aeg：This ball is three times bigger than that ball.He runs ten times faster than his brother.