《社区高血压管理》PPT课件.ppt
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1、中国社区高血压管理存在的问题及策略中国社区高血压管理存在的问题及策略孙英贤孙英贤中国医大一院心内科中国医大一院心内科国内外高血压管理的理想模式国内外高血压管理的理想模式芬兰的芬兰的“北卡曙光北卡曙光”n北欧美丽的千湖之国芬兰,经济繁荣,国民生活富足,但原来冠心病年死亡率却达 800/10 万,居世界之冠。n严峻的形势促使政府下了决心,请世界卫生组织的专家到发病率最高的北卡地区指导冠心病社区防治。n10 年后的试点结果:n男性烟民从50下降到33;吃黄油的人从90下降到20左右;北加里里男、女冠心病死亡率分别下降了24、51。n全国范围内死于冠心病下降了44,从500/10万降低280/10万:
2、其中 35-64岁的男性,冠心病死亡率下降了49,即从70年代的720/10万,下降到90年代的360/10万。n这一出人意料的结果,被称为照亮了心血管病预防之路的“北加里里曙光”,为许多国家仿效。国外高血压管理的模式国外高血压管理的模式n nESC2013ESC2013高血高血压压指南:指南:n n高血高血压压管理系管理系统应统应包括:包括:n nthe general practitionerthe general practitioner,who should take care of the majority,who should take care of the majority o
3、f hypertensive patients;of hypertensive patients;n nmedical specialistsmedical specialists from various fields depending on the nature from various fields depending on the nature of the hypertension and the difficulty posed by its treatment;of the hypertension and the difficulty posed by its treatme
4、nt;n nspecifically trained nursesspecifically trained nurses to closely follow the patient during to closely follow the patient during his or her lifetime treatment;his or her lifetime treatment;n nand and pharmacists pharmacists who handle physicians prescriptions and who handle physicians prescrip
5、tions and often have to deal directly with the patients problems and often have to deal directly with the patients problems and reply to his or her questions.reply to his or her questions.n nIn an ideal setting,all health care providers should co-operate In an ideal setting,all health care providers
6、 should co-operate in a successful lifetime intervention against this condition.in a successful lifetime intervention against this condition.Team approachTeam approach in disease management-ESC2013 in disease management-ESC2013n nThe beneficial effect of The beneficial effect of the involvement of t
7、he involvement of pharmacists and nursespharmacists and nurses in the management of in the management of hypertension has been obtained.when their task hypertension has been obtained.when their task involved patient education,behavioural and medical involved patient education,behavioural and medical
8、 counselling,assessment of adherence to treatment,counselling,assessment of adherence to treatment,and,for pharmacists,interaction with physicians in and,for pharmacists,interaction with physicians in the area of guideline-based therapy.the area of guideline-based therapy.n nClearly,Clearly,team-bas
9、ed strategiesteam-based strategies offer an important offer an important potential method for improvement of potential method for improvement of antihypertensive treatment compared with strategies antihypertensive treatment compared with strategies involving physicians alone.involving physicians alo
10、ne.Mode of care delivery-ESC2013n nMethods for the delivery of care are,available,such Methods for the delivery of care are,available,such as telephone interviews and advanced telemedicine as telephone interviews and advanced telemedicine(including videoconferences).(including videoconferences).n nT
11、elephone contactsTelephone contacts are effective in changing patient are effective in changing patient behaviours,with the additional potential advantage behaviours,with the additional potential advantage that,compared with face-to-face contact,(i)more that,compared with face-to-face contact,(i)mor
12、e patients can be reached,(ii)little or no time or patients can be reached,(ii)little or no time or working hours are lost,and(iii)contacts can be more working hours are lost,and(iii)contacts can be more frequent,with a greater chance of addressing patients frequent,with a greater chance of addressi
13、ng patients concerns in a timely manner,tailoring treatment and concerns in a timely manner,tailoring treatment and ultimately improving adherence.ultimately improving adherence.Information and communication technologiesESC2013n nMany new ways by which healthcare teams can Many new ways by which hea
14、lthcare teams can communicate with patients,with the theoretical advantage communicate with patients,with the theoretical advantage of timely and effective adjustment of care plans.of timely and effective adjustment of care plans.n nHome BP telemonitoring Home BP telemonitoring n nsmart phonessmart
15、phonesn ncell phonescell phonesn nBluetoothBluetoothn nTextingTextingn npersonal electronic health recordspersonal electronic health recordsn npatient portals.patient portals.n nAll aimed at favouring self-monitoring of treatment All aimed at favouring self-monitoring of treatment efficacy,adherence
16、 to pre-scription and feedback to efficacy,adherence to pre-scription and feedback to healthcare personnel.healthcare personnel.ESC2013ESC2013高血压的社区规范化管理高血压的社区规范化管理-中国中国20102010指南推荐指南推荐n n一、一、高血压分高血压分级随访管理的级随访管理的内容内容n n根据危险分层:根据危险分层:低危、中危、低危、中危、高危和很高危,高危和很高危,将高血压患者将高血压患者分为一级、二分为一级、二级、三级管理;级、三级管理;n n
17、二、高血压社区管理流程二、高血压社区管理流程n n基层高血压分级管理见图:基层高血压分级管理见图:高血压的社区规范化管理高血压的社区规范化管理-中国中国2010指南推荐指南推荐n n三、随访的方式三、随访的方式n n高血压社区随访可采用多种方式同时进行,常用的方式有:高血压社区随访可采用多种方式同时进行,常用的方式有:n n患者到医院的诊所随访、患者到医院的诊所随访、n n定期到居民比较集中的社区站点随访、定期到居民比较集中的社区站点随访、n n患者自我管理教育后的电话随访、患者自我管理教育后的电话随访、n n对行动不便患者的入户随访、对行动不便患者的入户随访、n n以及对中青年高血压人群的网
18、络随访。以及对中青年高血压人群的网络随访。n n符合成本效益的是电话随访(与符合成本效益的是电话随访(与ESCESC推荐类似),推荐类似),注意在电注意在电话随访前患者应接受血压监测方法的培训。话随访前患者应接受血压监测方法的培训。高血压的社区规范化管理高血压的社区规范化管理-中国中国20102010指南推荐指南推荐高血压的社区规范化管理高血压的社区规范化管理-中国中国2010指南推荐指南推荐n n四、高血压社区防治主要的效果评价指标四、高血压社区防治主要的效果评价指标n n高血压防治高血压防治“三率三率”水平是社区高血压防治考核评价指标水平是社区高血压防治考核评价指标体系最重要的指标,考核评
19、估工作至少每年进行体系最重要的指标,考核评估工作至少每年进行1 1次。次。n n高血压患者管理的主要考核指标:高血压患者管理的主要考核指标:n n(1)(1)管理率:管理率:是指基层社区卫牛服务机构管理的高血压患者是指基层社区卫牛服务机构管理的高血压患者人数占辖区高血压患病总人数的比例;人数占辖区高血压患病总人数的比例;n n(2)(2)管理人群血压控制率:管理人群血压控制率:接受管理的高血压患者中血压达接受管理的高血压患者中血压达标的人数占管理高血压患者人数的比例;标的人数占管理高血压患者人数的比例;n n(3)(3)人群高血压防治主要考核指标:人群高血压防治主要考核指标:高血压知晓率,高血
20、压知晓率,高高血压服药率,血压服药率,血压控制率。血压控制率。高血压社区规范化管理高血压社区规范化管理的主要内容的主要内容1.规范化健康教育2.规范化检出、评估,危险分层3.规范化分级管理(随访,检查)4.规范化治疗:非药物疗法 药物治疗,坚持长期平稳降压5.规范化测量血压6.规范化考核,评价效果我国社区高血压管理的我国社区高血压管理的现状及经验现状及经验我国高血压防治现状严峻我国高血压防治现状严峻n n在我国在我国,高血压的发病存在三高三低现象高血压的发病存在三高三低现象,即发病率、致残即发病率、致残率及死亡率高率及死亡率高;知晓率、服药率及控制率低。知晓率、服药率及控制率低。2002200
21、2年全国年全国营养调查报告中显示我国营养调查报告中显示我国1818岁以上人群高血压的患病率为岁以上人群高血压的患病率为18.8%,18.8%,服药率和控制率分别为服药率和控制率分别为24.7%24.7%、6.1%;6.1%;n n2012201220122012我国我国我国我国15151515岁以上高血压患病率为岁以上高血压患病率为岁以上高血压患病率为岁以上高血压患病率为24%24%24%24%;知晓率、治疗率、;知晓率、治疗率、控制率控制率控制率控制率和治疗控制率分别为和治疗控制率分别为48.4%48.4%、38.5%38.5%、9.5%9.5%9.5%9.5%、24%24%;n n“以以社
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