2015年考研英语二真题、解析和翻译(大师兄版).pdf

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1、大师兄英语 2015 年考研英语二12015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section IUseof EnglishDirections:Read the followingtext. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporaryculture, the prospect of communicatingwith oreven lookingat a stranger isvirtually

2、unbearable. Everyone around us seemsto agreeby the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a1underground.It sa sad reality ourdesire to avoid interacting with other human beings because there s2to begained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn tknow it,3into your phone

3、. Thisuniversal armor sendsthe4: “ Please dontapproachme.”What is it that makesus feel we needto hide5our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that ourinnocent social advanceswill be6as “ creepy.”We fear we ll be7. We fear we ll be disr

4、uptive.Strangers are inherently8to us, so we are more likely to feel9when communicating with themcompared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we10to our phones. “ Phones becomeour security blanket,”Wortmann says.“ They areour happy glassesthat protect us from what we perceive i

5、s goingto be more11. ”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn t12so bad.In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do theunthinkable: Start a13. They had Chicago train commuters talk to thei

6、r fellow14. “ When Dr. Epleyand Ms. Schroeder askedother people in the sametrain station to15how they would feel after talking to astranger, the commuters thought their16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, ” the New YorkTimes summarizes. Though the participants didn texpect a positive e

7、xperience, after they17with the expe-riment, “ not asingle person reported having been snubbed. ”18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings thrive off of social connections. It sthat20: Talking tostrangerscan

8、make you feel connected.1. A ticketB permitC signalD record2. A nothingB linkC anotherD much3. A beatenB guidedC pluggedD brought4. A messageB codeC noticeD sign5. A underB beyondC behindD from6. A misinterpretedB misappliedC misadjustedD mismatched7. A firedB judgedC replacedD delayed8. A unreasona

9、bleB ungratefulC unconventionalD unfamiliar9. A comfortableB anxiousC confidentD angry10. A attendB pointC takeD turn11. A dangerousB mysteriousC violentD boring12. A hurtB resistC bendD decay13. A lectureB conversationC debateD negotiation14. A traineesB employeesC researchersD passengers大师兄英语 2015

10、 年考研英语二215. A revealB chooseC predictD design16. A voyageB flightC walkD ride17. A went throughB did awayC caught upD put up18. A In turnB In particularC In factD In consequence19. A unlessB sinceC ifD whereas20. A funnyB simpleC logicalD rareSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the

11、followingfour texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggeststhat contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressedat home than at work.Researchersmeasuredpeople scortisol, which is a stressma

12、rker, while they were at work and while they were athome andfound it higher at what is supposedto be a place of refuge.“ Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women aswell as men have lower levels of stressat work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers,SarahDamaske. In fact

13、 women even say they feel better atwork, shenotes. “ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ” Another surprise is thatthe findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non-parents. This is why peoplewho work outside the home have better he

14、alth.What the study doesn tmeasureis whether people are still doing work when they reat home, whether it ishousehold work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kickback. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who w

15、ork outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home frontlags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it snot surprising that women aremore stressedat home.But it snot just a gender thing. At wor

16、k, people pretty much know what they resupposed to be doing:working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people h

17、ave no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of laboris so clinicallyand methodically laid out. There are alot of tasks to be done; there areinadequate rewards for mostof them. Your home colleagues yourfamily have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,o

18、r if they reteenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they reyour family. Youcannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it snot surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, theco-workers are

19、 much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph1, most previous surveys found that home _.A was an unrealistic place for relaxationB generatedmore stressthan the workplaceC was an ideal place for stressmeasurementD offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske,who are lik

20、ely to bethe happiest at home? _.A Working mothersB Childless husbandsC Childless wivesD Working fathers23 The blurring of working women s roles refers to the fact that _.大师兄英语 2015 年考研英语二3A they areboth breadwinners and housewivesB their home is also a place for kicking backC there is often much ho

21、usework left behindD it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word moola (Para. 4) most probably means_.A energyB skillsC earningsD nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that _.A home is hardly a cozier working environmentB division of labor at home is seldom clear-c

22、utC household tasksaregenerally more motivatingD family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students thosewho do not have a parent with acollege degree lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are low

23、er and theirdropout ratesare higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeedin highereducation, colleges and universities have pushedfor decadesto recruit more of them. This has created“a paradox ”in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching

24、 many of them fail, means that higher education has“ continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close ”an achievement gap based on social class, according to thedepressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it out

25、lines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting thatan approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors asgrades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universit

26、ies, and their findings are basedon a study involving 147students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not havinga parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients ofPell Grants, a fe

27、deral grant for undergraduateswith financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of thestudents with at least oneparent with a four-year degree.Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact wasbased on the view thatfirst-generation students may be most lacking

28、 not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal withthe issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gapthat must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “ struggle to navigate the middle-cl

29、ass culture of higher education, learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources,”they write. And this becomes more of a problemwhen colleges donttalk about the classadvantagesanddisadvantagesof different groups of students. BecauseUScolleges and universities seldom acknowledge

30、how social classcan affect studentseducational experience, manyfirst-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like themcan improve.26. Recruiting more first-generation studentshas_.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC mis

31、sed its original purposeD depressedcollege students27. The authors of the researcharticle are optimistic because_.A the problem is solvableB their approach is costlessC the recruiting rate hasincreasedD their findings appeal to students28. The study suggeststhat most first-generation students_.A stu

32、dy at private universitiesB arefrom single-parent familiesC are in needof financial supportD havefailed their college29. The author of the paperbelieves that first-generation students_.A are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB can havea potential influence on other students大师兄英语 2015 年考研英语二

33、4C may lack opportunities to apply for researchprojectsD are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that _.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-class.B students are usually to blame for their lack of resources.C social classgreatly

34、helps enrich educational experiences.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question.Text3Even in traditional offices, “ the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional andmuch more right-brained than it was 20 years ago, ” said Harvard Business School professor N

35、ancy Koehn. Shestarted spinning off examples. “ Ifyou and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would seemuch less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, and passion. There were goals, there were strategies, therewere objectives, but we didn ttalk about energy; we didn ttalk a

36、bout passion.”Koehnpointed out that this new era of corporate vocabularyisvery “ team” -oriented andnot bycoincidence. “ Let snot forget sports in male-dominated corporate America, it sstill a big deal. It snot explicitlyconscious; it sthe idea that I m a coach, and you re my team, andwe re in this

37、together. There are lots and lots ofCEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coachesand this is their team and they want towin. ”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning and,as Khurana points out, increase allegianceto the firm. “ Youhave the importationof t

38、erminologythat historicallyused to be associated with non-profitorganizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, andpurpose,”said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillmentcan help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debatesover work-lifebalance.The “ mo

39、mmy wars ” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg sLean In, whose title has becomea buzzword in itsown right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries betwee

40、nthe office and the home. But if your work is your “ passion,”you ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even ifthat meansgoing home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seemsto be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companie

41、sdepend on it, and regular people willinglyabsorb it. As Nunberg said, “ You can get people to think it snonsenseat the sametime that you buy into it.”In a workplace that sfundamentally indifferent to your life and its meani-ng, office speakcan help you figure out how you relate to your work andhow

42、your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office languageshave become _.A more emotionalB more objectiveC lessenergeticD lessstrategic32. “ Team” -orientedcorporate vocabulary is closely related to _.A historical incidentsB gender differenceC sports cultureD athletic executives33.

43、Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to _.A revive historical termsB promote company imageC foster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34. It canbe inferred that Lean In _.A voices for working womenB appealsto passionateworkaholicsC triggers debatesamong mommiesD p

44、raisesmotivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?_.A Managers admire it but avoid it.B Linguists believe it to be nonsense.C Companies find it to be fundamental.D Regular people mock it but acceptit.大师兄英语 2015 年考研英语二7decision is the best. You live in your ski

45、n, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your ownchoices.Section Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)Think about driving a route that svery familiar. It could be your commute to work,

46、a trip into town or theway home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it seasy to lose concentration on driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that youperceive that the trip hastaken less time than it

47、actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takesto travel a familiar route.The effect is causedby the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, becausewe donthave to concentrate much, time seemsto flow more quickly. And

48、afterward, when we come to think backon it, we cantremember the journey well because we didn tpay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.Section WritingPart A47.Directions:Supposeyour university is going to host a summercamp for high school students.Write anotice to1) briefly introduce the

49、 camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not useyour nameor the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essaybasedon the following chart. In your writing, your should1) interpret the chart, a

50、nd2) give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)我国某市居民春节花销比例大师兄英语 2015 年考研英语二82015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题参考答案Section IUse of English (10 points)1. A B C D2. A B C D3. A B C D4. A B C D5. A B C D6. A B C D7. A B C D8. A B C D9. A B C D10. A B C D11. A B C D12. A B