2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

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1、Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to

2、those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. Of even greater _5_ is the

3、fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. O

4、besity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 1

5、1 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media wi

6、th their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about bo

7、dy build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obam

8、a launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured 、【答案】 B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项 denied( 否认 ) 与意义相反， do

9、ubled( 翻倍 )与题意较远，ensured( 确保 )不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome 、【答案】 A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足， troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。3. A Instead B However C

10、Likewise D Therefore 、【答案】 C likewise 【解析】 第三句话中， 较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_，在老年人中，一定程度上超重 , 。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。 A选项 instead表示逆接的句意关系， B选项 however 也表示逆接， D选项 therefore表示因此， 只有 C选项 likewise意为同样地 ; 也，而且。因此正确答案为C。4. A indicator B objective C origin D example 、【答案】 A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_。A选项，表

11、示指示器， 指标。B选项 objective表示客观 ;C 选 项 origin表示来源， D选项 example 表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为 A。5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern、【答案】 D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是， 需要更加 _是， 很难对肥胖加以定义。A、 impact( 印象 );B 、relevance(相关性 );C 、 assistance(辅助 );D 、concern( 关注 ) 。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题

12、，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of 、【答案】 A in terms of 【解析】题干中, 肥胖经常 _体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。 A、in terms of ，根据, ，就, 而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下， C 、 in favor of 表示赞成， 以,来取代， D 、 in respect of，关于 , 。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用 BMI 作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生

13、能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies 、【答案】 C equals 【解析】本题题干中BMI_体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI 指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal 符合题意。 A measure( 测量 ) 、B determine表示确定 ;D modify(修订 ) 。句义就是BMI 等于体重除以身高的平方。8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part 、【答案】 C in turn 【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_能够分成

14、中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence( 事实上、实际上); B、in contrast ( 相反地 );C 、in turn(依次 ); D、in part ( 部分地 ) 。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward、【答案】 D straightforward 【解析】题干中，相比之下， 这样的数字标准看起来_， 实际上不是的。 A、 complicated ( 复杂 );B 、conservative(保守 ) 、 C、variable(可变的 );D

15、、straightforward(直截了当 );这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确， B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项 straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。?10. A so B unlike C since D unless【答案】 B while 【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_其他人有较低的BMI指数， 可能 _。从前半句我们可以看出，有些人的 BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，

16、这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI 指数较低， 而_较差。A、so( 所 以 );B 、while( 而);C 、since( 因为 );D 、unless( 除非 ) 四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为 B。11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste 、【答案】 A shape 【解析】本题可以简化为：Some , are fit, while others , may be in poor .不难看出， 前后意义相反， 且 fit(体型健康 ) 与 in poor 对应，与之最相关是A shape( 外形

17、 ) ，故为正确答案。 精神 、 均衡 、 品味 都相差比较远，可以排除。12. A start B quality C retire D stay 12、【答案】 B qualify 【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员是肥胖的， 开始 不符 ; 处在 也不符合句意 ; 退休 内容无关 ; 被认为 符合句意，正确。13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant 、【答案】 C normal 【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI 却 。所需词汇明显是正向的，排除 A、B;D 属中

18、性，且不符合句意，C(正常的 ) 契合，为正确答案。14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency、【答案】 D tendency 【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖 ) ，作为划线部分的后置定语， 将四个选项 选择 理由 机会 倾向 代入划线处， 最符合句意的是D(倾向 ) 。后面一句也进一步证实了 ( 出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的) 。15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored 、【答案】 b pictured 【解析】空格所在句提到

19、了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇只有b picture 意思为刻画，描写，描述。16. A B combined C settled D associated、【答案】 D associated 【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现，分析四个选项，A. 与。相比 ;B 与。相结合 ;C. 和。和解 ; 都不符合题意，只有 D与。相联系，相关符合句意。17. A Even B Still C Yet D

20、Only 、【答案】 A even 【解析】空格所在句的意思是_小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有A even 即使符合题意。18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded、【答案】 D grounded 【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，激发一批反肥胖的_。 本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有选项D grounded

21、, 意思是基于。19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies、【答案】 D policies 【解析】 解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题，浏览四个选项， D选项 policies 符合题意， 直接入选。20. A for B against C with D without 、【答案】 B against 【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属

22、于细节的句子，用来支持这个主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_儿童肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，反抗的意思， 纵观四个选项，只有B against 符合题意。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40

23、 points) Text 1 What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings

24、 of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extra

25、vagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These pu

26、rchases often becomemore valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most happiness bang for your buck. It seems most people would be better off if

27、they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is oftenmore pleasurable than purchasing th

28、ings for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession. Readers of “HappyMoney ” are clearly a privi

29、leged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity en

30、hances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors? policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentivesfor American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent. 21. According t

31、o Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase? AA big house BA special tour CA stylish car DA rich meal 、【答案】 B A special tour 【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的it is far better to spend money on experiences,like interesting trips,，意思是 花钱消费在经历方面更好, ，比如说有趣的旅行 ,，由此可以得知答案是B选项 一场特别的旅行。22. The a

32、uthor?s attitude toward Americans? watching TV isAcritical Bsupportive Csympathetic Dambiguous 、【答案】 A critical 【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it，意思是 普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快 ，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项 批判的 。23.

33、 Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that Aconsumers are sometimes irrational Bpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are after effective Drarity generally increases pleasure 、【答案】 D rarity generally increases pleasure 【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib 这个例子，用这个例子证明的论点是 luxuries

34、 are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly，大意是 有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦 ，D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money Ahas left much room for readers?criticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchase Chas predicted a wider income gap in the us Dmay give its readers a sense of achiev

35、ement 【答案】 B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase 【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent，大意是 大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值 ，因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。25. This text mainly discusses how to Abalance feeling good and spending money Bspend large sums of money won in

36、lotteries Cobtain lasting satisfaction from money spent Dbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuries 【答案】 A balance feeling good and spending money 【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系，因此答案定位在A选项。Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, y

37、ou think you?re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “ above average effect” , or “ illusory superiority” , and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate our

38、selves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities. We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost ou

39、r own esteem, we stalk around thinking we?re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compresswith others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of thems

40、elves? from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “ an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation” . If the subjects quickl y chose a false

41、ly flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were rea

42、l) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. Infact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “ I don?t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of pe

43、rsonal delusion” , says Epley. “ It?s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves?. If you aredepressed, you won?t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ,s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally- on one level, they don?t even

44、recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer?s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it?s not that people?s profiles are dishonest,sayscatalinatoma of Wiscon Madison

45、 university , ” but they portray an idealized version of themselves. 26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that _. A our self-ratings are unrealistically high B illusory superiority is baseless effect C our need for leadership is unnatural D self-enhancing strategies a

46、re ineffective 、【答案】 A our self-ratings are unrealistically high 【解析】 题目问 根据第一段， 社会心理学家发现了什么? 对应于文章第一段第三句 社会心理学家对所谓的高于均数效应或者虚幻的优越感进行大量的研究，发现我们中 70% 的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上, 这些数据明显都是不可能的。由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为A our self-ratings are unrealistically high。27. Visual recognition is believed to be people?s_A rapid

47、 watching B conscious choice C intuitive response D automaticself-defence 【答案】 C intuitive response 【解析】 题目问 视觉识别被认为是人们的什么? 对应于文章第三段第三句 视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。由此可知，视觉识别被认为是人们的直觉反应。故答案为C intuitive response。28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to_ A underestimate their

48、 insecurities B believe in their attractiveness C cover up their depressions D oversimplify their illusions 【答案】 B believe in their attractiveness 【解析】题目问Epley 发现有更高自尊的人倾向于怎样 。对应到第四段，第二句讲到没有证据显示那些自我提升最多的人这样做是为了掩饰自己的不安全， 接着讲到： 事实上，那些认为自己的形象高于吸引力标准的人就是那些表现出更高自尊的人，故答案为B believe in their attractiveness。

49、29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_.Ainstinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively 【答案】 A instinctively 【解析】题目问最接近 viscerally的意思的是 ? 。对应到第五段，viscerally所在句讲到 许多人讨厌照片中的自己，从某种层面上说， 他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己。 而下文又讲到facebook 是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人们可以分享最满意的的照片。由此可知， viscerally在本句中是

50、 本质上地 意思，故答案为A instinctively。30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer?s paradise because people can _. Apresent their dishonest profiles Bdefine their traditional life styles Cshare their intellectual pursuits Dwithhold their unflattering sides 【答案】 Dwithhold their unflattering sides 【解