1.精品-高中英语语法通霸定语从句讲解专项练习.pdf

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1、高中英语语法通霸1：定语从句中讲解专项练习如何选择引导词的选择技巧方法考点 1. 相关概念A. 主句、从句、关系词例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句 ：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中， This is the boy.是主句。 ) 定语从句 ：相当于形容词， 修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中， who won the first prize in the English Speech

2、 Competition 是定语从句，修饰the boy。) 先行词 ：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，the boy 是先行词。) 关系词 ：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 (例句中， who 是关系代词。 ) 关系词的三个作用i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。iii. 代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中， who 作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词 the boy。）B. 关系代词i.指人时可以用who, 也可用 that

3、。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom suncle. ii.指物时可以用which, 也可用 that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday. iii. whose 可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were

4、not well- known in his life time. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. iv. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略C. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点， why 指原因， how 不能作关系词。如： We wi

5、ll put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词 ) 基础过关1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man _ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I saw is ca

6、lled Smith. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. I d like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy _ / _ / _ / _ you are looking for. Do you know the rea

7、son _ he was late for the meeting？ This is the school _ I used to study. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time. 2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句： _ 定语从句 :（ ）先行词：先行词关系词：例： This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought

8、 the book which we talked about ？ I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we shouldnt

9、 be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born? 考点 2.关系词的选择技巧A. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 He worked in

10、the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the schoolwhich is near to my home. I like the schoolwhere my sister studies. 在句和句中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用 where 的；在句和句中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which 也有用 where 的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句和句中，关系词在定

11、语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”一. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1 讲）二. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。 （可以添词）三. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似

12、，该用what 的时候用 which/that 即可）例如： This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. 找： （略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school . The school is the most famous in the city. My father

13、 teaches English at the school . 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据 “ 对画线部分提问” 的规则， 1.和 3.用 where, 2.本 该 用what, 在 定 语 从 句 中 该 用what的 要 换 为which/that。因此，答案为： 1.where；2. that/which；3. where C. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009 江西】 The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B

14、. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析： A 没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C 介词后不能用 that；D 关系词一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 2.Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his wor

15、k? A. that B. what C. how D. why 3.The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 4.He lives in a village _ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 5.He lives in the village _ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. w

16、hose 6.In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what 7.In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed. A. where B. when C. which D. what 8.I ll never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that B. / C. when D. A an

17、d B 9.【2014 湖南】 I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that 11. qq 329950885I

18、s this the factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which 12. Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. which B. the one where C. that D. in which 13. This is the factory _ produces color TV sets. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 14. 【2010 天津】C

19、an you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? Y ou should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that 15. 【2011 陕西】 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 16. 【2011 福建】She has a gif

20、t for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 17. 【2012 江西】 By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 18. 【2013 山东】 Finally he reached a lonely is

21、land _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom I.单句改错1.【2010 重庆】 Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets. 2.【2010 重庆】 After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. 3.【2006 江西】 I read your e-mail to my parents an

22、d showed them the photo you sent it to me. 4.I often think of the days when we spent on the island together. 5.This is the museum where you visited the other day. 6.Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years ago?II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）7.【2014 新课标】 Maybe you have a habit_ is driving your family

23、crazy. 8.【2014 广东】 The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _we watched some people play volleyball. 9.【2014 湖南】 People should not do things _ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. 10. 【2014 安徽】 The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 11. 【2015 课标 】I d

24、skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 12. 【2015 广东】 When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the to

25、wn met regularly. III.写作技能提升13. 【2012 上海】 在展览会上， 公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 14. 这本书对我帮助很大， 特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must）15. 我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。 （involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience）16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。答 案高中英语语法通霸2016 版1. who/that who /

26、whom /that / 不填 whose whose that /which that /which / 不填 who /whom /that / 不填 why where when 2. The movie (that we saw last night) is very exciting. Have you bought the book (which we talked about)? I still remember the day (which we spent together last week). He still lives in the house (whose wind

27、ows face south). The boy (whose father is a policeman ) speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl (who you met) was John s sister. There is no reason (why we shouldn t be friends). They arrived in the early morning (when the sky was still dark). The days were gone (when we had to travel on

28、 horses ). Is this the hospital (where you were born)? 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 1.secrets后加 with；with 的宾语是关系代词，省略了。2.is改为 are；that代指的是words，所以要用复数。3.去掉 it；it 变为关系代词省略了，不能再要it。4.把 when 去掉或者改为that/ which；关系词作 spent的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省

29、略。5.把 where去掉或者改为that/ which；关系词作visited的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。6.where 改为 which；关系词作 left 的宾语，所以要用关系代词。7.that/which；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。8.where； 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词。9.which/that；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。10. that/which/不填 ；作 spent 的宾语，用关系代词。11. that/which；先行词是mountain tops and dark waters。12. where；先行词是 the marked。13.

30、At the exhibition, the companys sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which / that) children were looking forward to.14. The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must. 15. I think Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.16. I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together.