新概念英语第二册Lesson48知识点详解讲义.docx

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1、LESSON 48 如何讲述悲催经历：牙医的故事Part 1. 词汇脱口秀1. pullv.拉，拔When you pull something, you hold it firmly and use force in order to move it toward you or away from its previous position.开门：pull / push the door open 把门拉/推开Mom, Jenny is pulling my hair! pull out a toothI am going to have one of my teeth pulled out

2、.If you want to fire the gun, you should pull the trigger.pull over v. 靠边停车If a vehicle pulls over, it moves to the side of the road and stops.You should pull over immediately when a traffic policeman is chasing you.After pulling over, you should stay in the car and wait patiently. Do not get out of

3、 your car at this time.Could you please pull over here ?俚语： pull ones leg=To tease or joke with someone.Mike: I swear, last weekend I went fishing and caught a 40 pound salmon! James: Are you serious, or are you just pulling my leg?区别几个拉的动作：* drawTo draw =to pull something or someone gently in a par

4、ticular direction比如：The boy reached for the girls hand, but she drew it away.区别：如果是 pull it away 那就是比较用力地抽回draw the curtain 拉窗帘/ drawer 抽屉* dragTo drag = to pull something along the ground, especially because it is heavyIf you cant lift the piano, you have to drag it.* tugTo tug = to pull sth. quick

5、ly and hard, often several times I tugged at Andys sleeve to get his attention.2. collect核心意思：收集，聚集：To get things of the same type from different places and bring them together.1）有时人们把收集当做一种爱好:Sometimes people collect things that interest them as a hobby.They may collect stamps, coins, music albums,

6、 paintings and antiques.2）有时人们收集，是为了达到某个目标:Sometimes, people collect things to achieve a certain goal. For example, people may collect money for charity.The government collects tax.If you rent an apartment, the landlord will collect the rent.3）有的时候，你还可以“集中你的思想”, 让自己思绪清醒Sometimes you may also “collec

7、t your thoughts”, which means you make an effort to remain calm and think clearly and carefully about something.Before the interview, youd better spend a few minutes collecting your thoughts.collection 的核心意思就是“聚集起来的人或事物”“We have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red stat

8、es and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America.”red states： States supporting the Republican Party (red) Blue states :States supporting the Democratic Party (blue)模仿造句：We have never been just a collection of 56 ethic groups. We are and always will be the Peoples republi

9、c of China.collection 可以表示收藏品A collection of things is a group of similar things that you have collected, usually over a period of time.a stamp collectionA collection of stories比如：One Thousand and One NightsA poetry collection3. nod1) 点头If you nod or nod your head, you move your head up and down to

10、show that you are answering yesto a question, or to show agreement, understanding, or approval.nod/shake ones head经典表达：nod ones head 可以表达“同意，认可”nod ones agreementWhen I suggested ordering some traditional Chinese food, Mr. Obama nodded his agreement.nod ones approvalMr. Obama tasted the Kungpao chic

11、ken, and nodded his approval.2) 引申表达：nod /nod off 可以表示打盹；打瞌睡If you nod or nod off, you fall asleep for a short time while you are sitting in a chair.The movie was so boring that after watching it for just 10 minutes, people began to nod off. Homer sometimes nods . 什么意思？= Even the most gifted person

12、occasionally makes mistakes.4. meanwhileadv. 与此同时使用方法； 表示时间逻辑：描述同时发生的事情；1) 表达同时进行= in the meantime= at the same timeMy mom was preparing dinner in the kitchen. Meanwhile, my father was setting the table.2) 表达对比My mom was busy preparing dinner in the kitchen. Meanwhile, my father was sleeping on the

13、couch.The finals are just around the corner. I am busy cramming for the finals.Meanwhile, my roommate Peter is still relaxed as usual.LESSON 48 如何讲述悲催经历：牙医的故事Part 2. 句型精讲1. Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer.亮点赏析：这句话是文章的 Topic Sentence, 也就是 （听记 1） 作用是： （听记 2）什么是 Ir

14、ony？A situation that is unusual or amusing.回顾：26 课：“Young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.”32 课：“People are not as honest as they once were.”造句练习：表示判断的主题句，描述“群体特征”Little kids sometimes ask questions when it is very difficult for their parents to answer. You cant wak

15、e a person who is pretending to be asleep.God helps those who help themselves.2. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.亮点赏析：什么是 A close-up？ 这句中的精致表达在哪？1） be busy doing2） search out the holesearch =to try to find something by looking very carefully 3）the hole w

16、here the tooth had beenIt is like a close-up of the tongue in his mouth.精华句型： where / when 引导的定语从句My tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.where 在从句中作为地点状语：相当于“in the hole”= My tongue was busy searching out the hole. The tooth had been (in the hole).思维本质：关系副词 where / whenwh

17、ere 修饰的先行词是一个 ，where 在定语从句中做 when 修饰的先行词是一个 ，when 在定语从句中做 例 1：I will never forget the day when we first met each other.= I will never forget the day. On that day we first met each other.例 2：I will never forget the spring when we first met each other.= I will never forget the spring. In the spring,we

18、 first met each other.例 3： I will never forget the cafe where we first met each other.=I will never forget the cafe. At the cafe,we first met each other.例 4： 下面这句话的先行词是什么？Peter had a strange dream where he went to a fantastic castle and met a beautiful princess.这句话中 where 引导的定语从句作用主要是 复习：之前我们强调过：定语从

19、句的本质作用是 造句练习：1）如果用两句话表达：I suggest putting off the party until next weekend. At that time, we will not be so busy.用定语从句表达：I suggest putting off the party until next weekend when we will not be so busy.2） The moon festival is the day of the year when family members are supposed to get together.【when 在

20、从句中做 ，相当于 】3） The day when we stop learning is the day when we die.【when 引导的两个定语都是短定语，修饰前面 the day】4） Steve left his hometown where he had lived for 18 years.【where 在从句中做 ，相当于 】5） He went to Stanford, where the smartest young people around the world were studying and doing research.【where 在从句中做 ，相当于

21、 】总结： where 和 when 引导的定语从句：思维本质： 造句技巧： 3. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at lastremoved the cotton-wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.亮点赏析：“I suddenly felt very worried”这句话有什么效果？作者有两处用词非常精致：1）at last = finally

22、The phrase“at last”suggests “after a long time”, and that the writer was waiting impatiently. 2）I was able to . 表示做到一件事，我在 43 课曾经总结过，在讲述过去故事的时：如果表达：“过去一般性能力”（不是具体事件）可以用 （听记 3） 如果表达：“成功做到了”(一个具体的事件)只能用 （听记 4）如果没有用“at last”和“was able to”，效果如何？大家可以对比一下，When the dentist removed the cotton wool from my m

23、outh, I told him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.造句：Our taxi was stuck in the traffic for two hours.When we at last arrived at the airport, I was able to find that I had forgotten my passport.【听记答案】1. 主题句2. 开门见山地告诉读者你的想法，吸引观众兴趣3. could 或 was able to4. was able toLESSON 48 如何讲述悲催经历：牙医的故事Part 3

24、. 故事转述1. 中英文逐句转述拔牙可能是一件可怕的事。Having a tooth pulled out can be terrifying.但是，没有人比我的朋友 Joey 有过更糟糕的经历了。But no one has had a worse experience than my friend Joey.上周日，他牙疼得厉害，去了牙医诊所。Last Sunday, he had a terrible toothache and went to the dentist.在经历恐怖的拔牙手术之后，牙医很开心地给他看了看刚刚拔出的牙，让他休息一会儿。 After a frightening

25、tooth extraction, his dentist happily showed him the tooth that had just been pulled out and asked him to take a rest.Joey 松了口气 ，躺在牙科治疗椅上，嘴里塞满了药棉。Joey felt relieved and was lying on the dental chair, with his mouth full of cotton wool.他的牙医似乎心情不错，开始闲聊起来。His dentist seemed to be light-hearted and bega

26、n to make conversation.【light-hearted adj. = cheerful and happy / make conversation 闲聊】他问 Joey 是否他收藏的火柴盒在增长，他的哥哥近况如何，以及 Joey 在伦敦的工作是否顺利。He asked Joey whether his collection of match boxes was growing, how his brother was doing and whether his new job in London went well.作为对于这些没完没了的问题的回答，Joey 只能点头或者发

27、出奇怪的声音。In answer to these endless questions, Joey was only able to nod or make strange noises.与此同时，他的舌头急切地在搜寻那颗拔掉的牙原来所在的洞。In the meantime, his tongue was eagerly searching for the hole in which the tooth had been.突然，Joey 感到特别焦虑, 但是他还是无法说话。Suddenly, Joey felt extremely worried, but still could not sa

28、y a word.此时，牙医还在兴奋得询问 Joey 上个月度假的情况。Meanwhile, the dentist was still excitingly asking about the vacation Joey was taking last month.当药棉最终从他的嘴里拿开之时，Joey 总算可以告诉他的牙医：牙给拔错了。When the cotton wool was finally removed from his mouth, Joey was able to tell his dentist that a wrong tooth had been pulled out.

29、的确，拔牙最恐怖的部分不是疼痛而是一个马虎的牙医。Indeed, the most terrifying part of a tooth extraction is not the pain but a careless dentist.2. 全英文转述Having a tooth pulled out can be terrifying. But no one has had a worse experience than my friend Joey.Last Sunday, he had a terrible toothache and went to the dentist. Afte

30、r a frightening tooth extraction, his dentist happily showed him the tooth that had just been pulled out and asked him to take a rest. Joey felt relieved and was lying on the dental chair, with his mouth full of cotton wool.His dentist seemed to be light-hearted and began to make conversation. He as

31、ked Joey whether his collection of match boxes was growing, how his brother was doing and whether his new job in London went well. In answer to these endless questions, Joey was only able to nod or make strange noises.In the meantime, his tongue was eagerly searching for the hole in which the tooth

32、had been. Suddenly, Joey felt extremely worried, but still could not say a word.Meanwhile, the dentist was still excitingly asking about the vacation Joey was taking last month. When the cotton wool was finally removed from his mouth, Joey was able to tell his dentist that a wrong tooth had been pul

33、led out.Indeed, the most terrifying part of a tooth extraction is not the pain but a careless dentist.3. 东欣点评I hope no one will ever meet a careless dentist like the one in this story.下面我们来听两个在牙医诊所的英文段子： 回顾一下, 听读笑话有几个提示，1. Dont take it seriously2. Get the hidden meaning.补充词汇：tooth decaycavity = A ca

34、vity is a hole in a tooth, caused by decay（腐蚀）. The cavity will be filled.filling.A filling is a small amount of metal or plastic that a dentist puts in a hole in a tooth to prevent further decay.Joke 1：A little boy was taken to the dentist. It was discovered that he had a cavity that would have to

35、be filled. “Now, young man,” asked the dentist, “what kind of filling would you like for that tooth?” “Chocolate, please,” replied the boy.注意：这个笑话的 hidden meaning 是啥？Joke 2：Open wider. requested the dentist, as he began his examination of the patient. Good God ! he said startled. Youve got the bigge

36、st cavity Ive ever seen - the biggest cavity Ive ever seen. OK Doc ! replied the patient. Im scared enough without you saying something like that twice. I didnt ! said the dentist. That was the echo.注意：这个笑话用到了 Hyperbole 的手法，造成 humor.LESSON 49 如何讲述奇闻轶事：碎梦大风Part 1. 词汇脱口秀1. tired1）累：Very tired 累坏了的“更高级

37、”说法：口语：I am exhausted.【注意 ex=out, haust=draw water , 把你体内的水抽干了】I am beat .【注意：不是”我被揍了”，I am beaten 才是被揍了】还可以用词组：tire sb. out 使人筋疲力尽*The long walk really tired me out.*I was tired out by the final exams.2)烦：If you are tired of something, you do not want it to continue because you are bored of it or u

38、nhappy with it. 厌烦的用法：be tired of sth./doing 对.厌烦比如：做一件枯燥的工作：dishwashing*After being a dishwasher for just three days, John was tired of the boring job.极其厌倦：sick and tired of doing sth.Oh, he is such a cold fish. I am sick and tired of talking to him.2. springn. 春天; 弹簧; 泉水v. 弹跳Spring 最核心的意思：来自于古英语 s

39、prengh 表示“快速的运动”1） 因此，spring 可以表示跳跃：to jump quickly or suddenly When the alarm clock rang, I sprang out of bed.2） 床垫弹簧 bed springs有弹簧的床垫，席梦思床垫：A spring mattress为啥 SIMMONS 表示弹簧床垫？【请听音频讲解】Springboard跳板，springboard diving 跳板跳水* The girl is walking with a spring in her step . （猜猜这句话什么意思？）3） 为啥 spring 可以

40、表示泉水？【请听音频讲解】A spring is a place where water comes up through the ground.温泉：a hot spring4） 最后，spring 为啥可以表示春天？ 【请听音频讲解】3. gust n. 强烈的一阵风A gust or a gust of wind is a short, strong, sudden rush of wind.A gust of wind blew my hat off.* A gust of wind blew the door shut.注意：一阵狂风叫 a gust of wind一阵微风 a br

41、eezeWe enjoyed a delicious dinner together in a cool summer breeze.引申用法* a gust of laughter 一阵狂笑We could hear gusts of laughter (= sudden, loud laughter) from within the theatre.4. sweep v. 清扫 （用扫帚打扫）= to clean the ground with a broom* A cleaner is sweeping the street* sweep the tomb* Tomb-sweeping

42、Festival* The autumn wind is sweeping away the fallen leaves.引申义：“清扫, 横扫”这个动作，常常可以引申为其他意思： 记住核心意思“快速运动，或传播”请猜猜下面几句话的含义:1）The tornado swept through the whole town.2）A serious flu swept through the whole country.3）Rumors of the Kings death swept through the kingdom. 4）The bridge was swept away by the

43、floods.精彩表达：口语中 sweep sb. away 还有一个重要意思：使人着迷(就像被卷走)We were swept away by the spectacle（壮观的景色） of the Grand Canyon, and ended up staying at the national park much longer than we had planned.还有一个经典表达：sweep sth. under the carpetIf you sweep something bad or wrong under the carpet, you hide it or try to

44、 keep it secret.Many people tend to sweep their mistakes or problems under the carpet.It is unhelpful to sweep the problems under the carpet instead of dealing with them.5. smashv. 打碎; 破碎If you smash something or if it smashes, it breaks into many pieces.1) 常用结构：smash sth. (up)/smash (up) sth.smash

45、sth. to/into piecesThe cup fell to the floor and smashed to pieces.A robber smashed the windows of the shop to pieces.注意区别：crash 强调“撞击的强度”smash 强调“撞击后破碎”A plane crashed into the World Trade Centre. The plane was smashed into pieces.2) 引申义：Usain Bolt smashed the world record in Berlin .【体会：smashed th

46、e world record = broke the world record by a large amount】Police have smashed a major crime ring.6. Miraculous adj. 奇迹般的名词：miracle/ 副词：miraculouslyWhen we want to describe something surprising or extremely unexpected, we use the word miraculous.生活中的奇迹：The pig miraculously survived the massive earthquake.电影中的奇迹：* In the movie, it took Andy two decades to make a miraculous escape from the prison.“Remember, Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies.” 关于奇迹