新概念英语第二册Lesson51知识点详解讲义.docx

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1、LESSON 51 如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part 1. 词汇脱口秀1. rewardv. / n. 回报, 奖赏词源探秘：为啥 reward 表示“回报”？前缀 re 表示“back”回来，ward = “to look, heed, watch” 就是“看，注意所以 reward 字面意思是 【听记 1】。“Academy Award” 为啥 Award 表示“奖项，奖品”？ 如何使用 reward ?用法 1：reward sb with sth.用法 2：reward sb for (doing) sth.场景造句：If you get an A on the test, I w

2、ill reward you with a Disneyland tour.The kid was rewarded for his great performance on the test with a Disneyland tour.When I waved to the beautiful girl , she rewarded me with a smile.Grant Us an Honor and China Will Reward the World with More Splendor.人人渴望收获和回报，但是如何获得 reward?“Before the reward th

3、ere must be labor. 【注意这里的 reward 是一个名词】You plant before you harvest. You sow in tears before you reap joy.”- 美国艺术家 Ralph RansomGiving opens the way for receiving.Some people work without expecting a reward. They work like they dont need money.Because to those who enjoy their work, work itself is a r

4、ewarding experience.2. virtue n.为啥 virtue 表示美德？virtue 这个词来自于拉丁词根：vir 表示男性 man, 由此衍生出拉丁语中 virtutem 这个词，表示：男 子 气 概 ， 力 量 ， 勇 气 等 。 所 以 ， virtue 这 个 词 最 初 含 义 ： 【听记 2】为啥 by virtue of 才有表示“凭借”的意思？by virtue of = by means of , because ofShe got the job by virtue of her rich experience.Virtue 和 Virtual 有什么

5、关系？ Virtual Reality 虚拟现实virtual currency 虚拟货币3. diet(1) 节食，规定饮食If you are on a diet, you only eat special kinds of food or you eat less food than usual because you are trying to lose weight.I have decided to go on a diet.节食的目的往往是为了减肥。减肥/增重的说法：* lose weight vs. gain weightTo lose weight, you must use

6、 or burn off more calories than you take in. If you eat and drink more calories than you burn off, youll gain weight.* take off weight/pounds vs. put on weight/pounds想象一下：Take off 和 put on 是什么画面？Having put on 20 pounds, I need to take off extra weight.(2) 日常饮食Your diet is the type of food you eat ea

7、ch day. To keep fit, you should eat a healthy diet.a low-fat diet 低脂肪饮食a low-calorie diet 低热量(卡路里)饮食a vegetarian diet 素食A balanced diet is important because our organs and tissues（组织） need proper nutrition to work effectively.So we are supposed to eat fruits, vegetables, grains( 谷物), proteins( 蛋白质),

8、 and dairy products to keep a balanced diet.4. forbidv. 禁止If you forbid someone to do something, or if you forbid an activity, you order that it must not be done.注意动词变化：forbid, forbade, forbidden经典用法：forbid sb. to do. 或者：forbid sb. from doingMy father forbids me to go outside after 10 pm.My father f

9、orbids me from going outside after 10pm. I am forbidden to go outside after 10 pm.注意：过去分词：forbidden* 紫禁城：The Forbidden City* 这里禁止吸烟：Smoking is forbidden h ere.口语中可以说： Smoking is a no-no here. Spitting is a no-no here. 随地吐痰是不可以的：区别： 三种禁止Forbid命令某人不做某事，可以是口头命令。Order sb. not to do sth.Prohibit （正式）强调通过

10、法律规章禁止to say that an action is illegal or not allowed Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the gas station.Ban语气最重：官方明令禁止 officially forbid sth* The UN has banned the use of chemical weapons .5. embarrassvt. 使尴尬If something or someone embarrasses you, they make you feel shy or ashamed.词源速记： em+barr

11、+assem=into 表示：进入,向内；barr=bar 表示：木棒，障碍；ass 是后缀表示词性；embarrass 这个动词的核心意思就是：“to block and make sb feel awkward”用法注意：I am embarrassed. / I feel embarrassed.When will you feel embarrassed ?You will feel embarrassed when falling over in public.You will feel embarrassed when waving to a stranger thinking i

12、ts your friend, You will also feel embarrassed when texting the wrong person.特朗普总统的尴尬时刻：But no one could be more embarrassed than US President Donald Trump when he made a speech at the U.N. General Assembly.Donald Trump boasted about his achievement as the President of the United States.“In less tha

13、n two years, my administration has accomplished （ 完 成 ） more than almost any administration in the history of our country.”听见下面哄堂大笑，特朗普说：“Didnt expect that reaction, but thats okay.”Obviously, the laughter embarrassed President Trump. And he felt embarrassed though he didnt want to admit. It was an

14、embarrassing moment for President Trump.美国媒体: “The Whole World Laughed at Trump at the United Nations.”【听记答案】1. 回头关照、关注2. 具有男性一般的力量和品德，如勇敢、坚毅等LESSON 51 如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part 2. 句型精讲1. My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.亮点赏析：1）铺垫与递进：大家体会一

15、下：”But things got so bad.”这句话用的特别精致，有两个作用： 一. 避免重复说用词二. 非常委婉造成了一种幽默的效果。为啥？那么情况遭到什么程度呢？结果状语 that he decided to go on a diet. Obviously, he couldnt bear his situation any more.精彩表达：but 这个词表转折，两种转折：可能“转 ”，也可以“转 ”。区别一下：Mike was energetic this morning, but he was very sick in the afternoon.Mike was very

16、sick this afternoon, but things got so bad in the evening that he suddenly fell over and fainted.2. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!亮点

17、赏析：1）悬念使用技巧： dramatic question1: What was inside the parcel ? dramatic question2: How did he reward himself ?The key to suspense is not to answer the dramatic question too soon.曾有同学问我说： Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!是

18、不是可以定语从句连起来，写成：Then he showed me the contents of the parcel which contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!但是，为啥课文中没有用定语从句？【请听音频】2）Satire 讽刺的使用大家体会一下：“his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. ”He actually rewarded himself with more high-calorie food.H

19、is diet was so strict that he couldnt stick to it and had to indulge himself occasionally.Satire 是嘲笑么？Satire is a humorous way of criticizing something or someone.Mark Twain 就是幽默大师，擅长 Satire.用到 Satire 的句子特点是： If you dont read the newspaper, you are uninformed; if you do read the newspaper, you are m

20、isinformed.Truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let us economize it.self-mockery:I try to avoid things that make me fat. like scales , mirrors and photographs.I wish I could lose weight as easily as I lose my keys, pen, cellphone, my temper, and even my mind.LESSON 51 如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part 3. 故事转述

21、1. 中英文逐句转述节食有多么容易呢？ 让我来和大家分享关于我的好友 Jack 的一个故事。How easy is it to go on a diet ? Let me share with you a story about my friend Jack.【注意：为啥这里用 how easy 而不是 how difficult？】Jack 一直都挺胖，但最近每况愈下。Jack has always been overweight, but recently things were going from bad to worse.上周一，在扫视了一眼镜子中的自己之后，他很难相信自己的眼睛，于

22、是很快下定决心要节食。 Last Monday, after glancing at himself in the mirror, he couldnt even believe his eyes and quickly made up his mind to go on a diet.他第二天就开始了节食。He started his diet the following day.首先，他写了一个很长的清单，列出所有严格禁止的食物。First of all, he made a long list of all the foods that were strictly forbidden.大

23、多数他喜欢吃的东西都上了“黑名单”：黄油、土豆片、炸薯条、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和甜点。 Most of the things he loves were on the “black list”: butter, potato chips, French fries, beer, milk, chocolate and sweets.从那时起，这些食物将被看做是他的敌人。From then on, those foods would be treated as his enemies.昨天，我拜访了他家。一点都不奇怪，他依然像往日一样胖。Yesterday, I called at his hou

24、se. Not surprisingly, he was as fat as before.在把我领进屋后，他匆忙把一个大袋藏到书桌下。After leading me into his room, he hid a large parcel under his desk in a hurry.我知道他想隐藏些不可告人的事，就问他说那个包装着什么。I knew he was trying to sweep something under the carpet and asked him what it was.他内疚地笑着，把包放回了桌上。Smiling guiltily, he put th

25、e parcel back on his desk.他向我解释说：他的节食计划进行的如此顺利，所以他忍不住要时不时奖励一下自己。He explained to me that his diet plan was going “so well” that he couldnt help rewarding himself from time to time.然后，他向我展示了他神秘大包里的东西，里面有八块巧克力，和三袋薯片。Later he revealed the contents of his mysterious parcel, which contained eight large ba

26、rs of chocolate and three bags of potato chips.所以，女士们先生，请大家牢牢记住。节食的第二天，永远比第一天简单，因为到了第二天， 你不会坚持了。So ladies and gentlemen, just keep this in mind: the second day of a diet is always easier than the first. Because by the second day, you are off it.2. 全英文转述How easy is it to go on a diet ? Let me share w

27、ith you a story about my friend Jack. Jack has always been overweight, but recently things were going from bad to worse.Last Monday, after glancing at himself in the mirror, he couldnt even believe his eyes and quickly made up his mind to go on a diet. He started his diet the following day.First of

28、all, he made a long list of all the foods that were strictly forbidden.Most of the things he loves were on the “black list”: butter, potato chips, French fries, beer, milk, chocolate and sweets. From then on, those foods would be treated as his enemies.Yesterday, I called at his house. Not surprisin

29、gly, he was as fat as before.After leading me into his room, he hid a large parcel under his desk in a hurry. I knew he was trying to sweep something under the carpet and asked him what it was.Smiling guiltily, he put the parcel back on his desk.He explained to me that his diet plan was going “so we

30、ll” that he couldnt help rewarding himself from time to time. Later he revealed the contents of his mysterious parcel, which contained eight large bars of chocolate and three bags of potato chips.So ladies and gentlemen, just keep this in mind: the second day of a diet is always easier than the firs

31、t. Because by the second day, you are off it.3. 文化点评：基督教里的“七德”和“七罪”一封“分手信”：Dear Diet, Things arent going to work between us.It is not me. It is you. You are tasteless, boring and I cant stop cheating on you.这篇文章的标题 Reward for virtue 也是用 irony（反语） 的修辞， 美食的节制，英文叫做 temperance。而其实，主人公恰恰反应的却是 temperance

32、这种美德的反面：indulgence（无节制）。“The seven virtues”&“The seven deadly sins”“The seven virtues”justice, prudence, temperance, fortitude, hope, faith, charityJustice is being fair to others.Prudence is moderation（适度）with money. Temperance is moderation of needed things. Fortitude is never giving up.Faith is belief in the right things.Hope is taking a positive future view.Charity is concern for, and active helping of others.The seven deadly sins：greed, pride, envy ,wrath, sloth, gluttony, lust