新概念英语第二册Lesson57知识点详解讲义.docx

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1、LESSON 57 如何描述个性人物：对付势利小人Part 1. 词汇脱口秀1. hesitate为啥 hesitate 表示“犹豫”？词根：her, hes = stick, 表示“粘着，附着” 再比如：coherent 这个词表示“连贯的”co 表示共同，her 表示“粘糊”后缀-ent 表示形容词；hesitate 如何使用？用法 1：做.很犹豫hesitate to do sth. / be hesitant about doing sth.If you hesitate to do something, you delay doing it or are worried about

2、doing it, usually because you are not sure that it is right.Bill 收到了一个工作邀约。He received a job offer.Bill hesitated to accept the job offer, as the company was far from his home. He was hesitant about signing the contract.Bill didnt hesitate for a moment to take the job.用法 2： never hesitate to do / do

3、 sth. without hesitation Vincent never hesitates to help his friends in need.=Vincent always helps his friends in need without hesitation.He never hesitates to make important decisions.He who hesitates is lost. = It is important to make decisions and do things in a quick and definite（确切） way.If you

4、have clear and solid decision-making principles, you will not hesitate to make decisions.用法 4：Please do not hesitate to do .Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need any help.Scorn is open disrespect for someone or something.If y

5、ou scorn something or someone , you look down upon them.场景造句：The lady looked at the man with scorn.= The lady looked at the man scornfully.The lady scorned the man by giving him a dirty look.George Bernard Shaw：“Silence is the most perfect expression of scorn.” Scorn for your rivals sometimes leads

6、to failure.Guan Yu felt scorn for Lu Xun, which led to the loss of Jing Province.= Guan Yu was scornful of Lu Xun, which led to the loss of Jing Pronvince.Scornful adj. 轻视的，蔑视的be scornful of sb./sth.Many Americans were scornful of the politicians.Some people scorned the views of the politicians as o

7、ld-fashioned.小结：对一个人或一件事表示轻视蔑视1) scorn sb./sth.2) feel / have scorn for sb./ sth. 3）be scornful of sb. / sth.2.punishv. 惩罚用法 1： punish sb for sthFinally, the killer was punished for his crime.用法 2：be punished by . 受到.的惩罚The killer was punished by death.Careless drivers will be punished by heavy fine

8、s.The killer deserved his punishment. Capital punishment = death penaltypunishmentrewardPeople are motivated by both punishments and rewards.If you want people to do their best, you have to use both the carrot and the stick.什么是 a carrot and stick approach ？If both the carrot and the stick are used i

9、n a proper way, people will be effectively motivated.3. fur* fur可以指动物的毛Fur is the thick and usually soft hair that grows on the bodies of many animals.Furry adj.A furry animal is covered with thick, soft hair. furry kittensfurry puppies furry friendsOur furry friends are adorable. adorable 非常可爱的注意：f

10、ur 这个词也可以指动物的“毛皮”(毛+皮) 裘皮大衣 a fur coat* skin人的皮肤一个人皮肤白/黑，该怎么表达？Michael has dark skin. Susan has fair skin.Her skin is clear and smooth.skincare products注意：Skin 也可以表示动物的皮/毛皮crocodile skin/ leopard skinFur 和 skin 有什么区别? 【听记 1】此外：Skin 还可以表示 【听记 2】如，banana skins* 当然：瓜果蔬菜的皮更常用的是：peel banana peels / apple

11、 peelsPeel v. 去皮If you peel fruit or vegetables, you remove their skins. peel an apple / peel an orange* 皮鞋怎么说？leather shoesLeather is treated animal skin, which is used for making shoes, clothes, and bags. leather bags4. eageradj. 渴望的，热切的When you are eager to do something, you want to do it very mu

12、ch.用法 1：be eager to doAlbert is a bright kid and eager to learn.He is eager to know everything about the world.The young athletes are eager to succeed. = The young athletes are eager for success.用法 2：be eager for sth 渴望获得.If you are eager for something, you want to have it very much.The fans are wai

13、ting outside the hotel, eager for a glimpse of their idol.【idol 偶像区别：idiot 白痴】拓展：如何表达：我特别想见到你I am eager / anxious / impatient to see you . I cant wait to see you.I am dying to see you.I badly want to see you.【听记答案】1. 都可以表示动物的毛皮，表示人的皮肤时只能用 skin2. 瓜果蔬菜的皮LESSON 57 如何描述个性人物：对付势利小人Part 2. 句型精讲1. She retu

14、rned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.亮点赏析：dressed in. 描述衣着with.描述携带的物品，或身体特征注意：. in the other = in the other hand , 不能说成 in anotherThe president walked onto the stage dressed in a black suit, with a bunch of flowers

15、 in his hands.A young man was waiting for his girlfriend at the airport dressed in a tuxedo, with a bunch of roses in his hands.A lady returned to her parents home dressed in a bright red coat, with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other and a chubby baby on her back.2. 作者是如何描述势利眼的“售货员”的前后两天的

16、不同表现的？第一天：Glancing at her scornfully , he told her that the dress was sold.第二天：Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.分词状语：如果有否定词, not 要在分词前面。场景造句：Not having anything to do last weekend, I wandered around the city aimlessly. Not knowing which way to go, I stopped t

17、o ask a stranger for directions.But it seemed that the stranger didnt speak English.Not understanding what I was talking about, the man looked at me with a weird expression.Then he answered me in a strange language.Not wanting to embarrass both of us, I nodded my head , pretending to know his words.

18、3. 你真的会用“before”么？She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.两个重要结构：1）enjoy oneself doing sth.通过某个方式开心，自得其乐造句：Nancy always enjoys herself talking to her furry friends.2）这句话中的 before . 怎么理解？before 时间思维:1) 相当于：

19、“才”Nearly a week passed before she was able to explain what had happened to her.2) 相当于：“就”Less than two years passed before he finished all the required courses in college.3) 相当于“然后”Andy spent his early life in China before moving to Canada.问题：何时表示“才”，何时表示“就”，何时表示“然后”？ 答： 【听记 1】Before 核心思维：A happene

20、d before B happened 【听记 2】* 则 before 对应中文中的“才”* 则 before 对应中文中的“就”* 则 before 对应中文中的“然后”比较：Just one week passed before Kevin learned how to swim. Nearly one week passed before Kevin learned how to swim.They had been seeing each other for just three days before they got married. They had been seeing e

21、ach other for ten years before they got married.The stock price dropped to 20 dollars before it soared to 30 dollars.The stock price dropped all the way to 20 dollars before it began to increase. The stock price rose for just one day before it began to drop sharply.造句：It will take you a long time be

22、fore you truly understand a person. It will be a while before you know the results.I hesitated for a long time before I finally made the decision to quit my job.I had slept for less than ten minutes, before my cellphone rang loud enough to wake the dead.We visited San Francisco before we flew to Los

23、 Angeles.= We visited San Francisco before flying to Los Angeles.You should take the TOEFL and the SAT before applying for admission to U.S. universities.【听记答案】1. 关键看主句2. 强调 A 持续的时间很长； 强调 A 持续的时间比较短； 不强调 A 持续时间的长短LESSON 57 如何描述个性人物：对付势利小人Part 3. 故事转述1. 中英文逐句转述上周，我的朋友 Amy 在购物的时候，遇到了一件不开心的事。Last week,

24、 my friend Amy went shopping and had an unpleasant experience.她身穿着蓝色牛仔裤，走过一家高档的商店，这时橱窗里的一件漂亮的衣服吸引了她的目光。Dressed in blue jeans, she passed by an expensive shop when a nice dress in the window caught her eye.她在橱窗前站了好一会儿，才最终走了进去要求看看那件衣服。She was standing at the window of the shop for quite a long time be

25、fore she finally went in and asked to see the dress.* 这里的 at the window 表示在橱窗旁边 sit at a table 坐在桌旁很显然，那个售货员不喜欢一个穿着这么随意的顾客。Obviously, the shop assistant didnt like a customer who was dressed so casually.他轻蔑地扫视了 Amy 一眼，然后傲慢地告诉她那件衣服已经卖出了。Glancing at Amy with scorn, he arrogantly told her that the dres

26、s was already sold.Amy 被他的粗鲁给激怒了，她走出了商店，心里琢磨着第二天如何惩罚这个非常势利眼的售货员。Enraged by his rudeness, Amy walked out the shop, thinking about how to punish the snobbish assistant the next day.第二天早上，Amy 回到了商店，身穿一件裘皮大衣头戴一顶漂亮的帽子，一手提着个时尚的手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄雨伞。The following morning, Amy went back to the shop dressed in a

27、fur coat and wearing a beautiful hat,with a stylish handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.她惊艳的外表，立刻引起了很多店员的注意。Her dazzling appearance immediately attracted the attention of many assistants.* dazzling = very impressive and attractive在找出那个势利的店员后，Amy 走上前去，要求看昨天同一件衣服。After seeking out the

28、 snobby assistant, Amy went up to him and asked for the same dress.【seek out v. = to try to find someone or something, especially when it is not easy ; snobby = snobbishadj. 势利的】售货员一定是被 Amy 的外表给征服了，并没有认出她来。The assistant must have been overwhelmed by Amys look and didnt even recognize her.他的脸上露出灿烂的笑容

29、，非常殷切地给这样一位外表漂亮，可能很富贵的女士效劳服务。With a big smile on his face, he was eager to serve such a good-looking and potentially “rich” lady.尽管要费好大劲，他还是爬进了狭小的橱窗为 Amy 去取那件衣服。Despite the great difficulty, he climbed into the narrow shop window to get the dress for Amy.* 注意：表示尽管： despite = in spite of 后面接名词性结构； al

30、though 后面接句子然而，Amy 刚一看到这件衣服，就说不合她的心意。However, immediately after Amy saw the dress, she said it was not to her liking.【be to ones liking = suit ones interests or tastes 】她很开心地让售货员把橱窗里几乎所有东西都拿了出来，这才最终决定买下第一件衣服。She enjoyed asking the assistant to take out almost everything in the window before finally

31、deciding to take the first one.当 Amy 有意地脱掉帽子和裘皮大衣，穿上她新买的衣服，那位势利眼的售货员突然认出了她是谁，感到无比尴尬。When Amy deliberately took off her hat and fur coat to put on her new dress, the snobbish assistant suddenly realized who she was and felt extremely embarrassed.2. 全英文转述Last week, my friend Amy went shopping and had

32、an unpleasant experience.Dressed in blue jeans, she passed by an expensive shop when a nice dress in the window caught her eye. She was standing at the window of the shop for quite a long time before she finally went in and asked to see the dress.Obviously, the shop assistant didnt like a customer w

33、ho was dressed so casually. Glancing at Amy with scorn, he arrogantly told her that the dress was already sold. Enraged by his rudeness, Amy walked out the shop, thinking about how to punish the snobbish assistant the next day.The following morning, Amy went back to the shop dressed in a fur coat an

34、d wearing a beautiful hat, with a stylish handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. Her dazzling appearance immediately attracted the attention of many assistants.After seeking out the snobby assistant, Amy went up to him and asked for the same dress. The assistantmust have been overwhel

35、med by Amys look and didnt even recognize her.With a big smile on his face, he was eager to serve such a good-looking and potentially “rich” lady. Despite the great difficulty, he climbed into the narrow shop window to get the dress for Amy.However, immediately after Amy saw the dress, she said it w

36、as not to her liking.She enjoyed asking the assistant to take out almost everything in the window before finally deciding to take the first one. When Amy deliberately took off her hat and fur coat to put on her new dress, the snobbish assistant suddenly realized who she was and felt extremely embarr

37、assed.3. 东欣点评势利小人和谦谦君子有啥区别Snob n. 势利的人Snobbish / snobby adj. 势利的Debby Mayne 写的一篇文章An individual snob is someone who thinks he or she is better than everyone else in one or all areas of life.This creates a mindset of entitlement.【Entitlement n.权利 An entitlement to something is the right to have it or

38、 do it. 】Snobs typically prefer designer labels and other status items to impress people rather than the intrinsic quality of the item.In reality, snobs are often weak people who rely on outside factors to define themselves rather than their own core values and integrity.Traits of a snob:1) Snobs ty

39、pically make others uncomfortable by insisting on their specific set of rules, which may or may not be appropriate.2) Snobs put others down by excluding them from events for arbitrary reasons, such as lack of money or social status.3) Snobs are often phony and try to make others think more highly of

40、 them than they deserve.4) When backed into a corner, a snob may turn into a wimpy weasel.Instead of standing up for what is right, they are more likely to fight for whatever benefits them at the expense of others.Traits of a well-mannered person:1) Someone with good manners will do his or her best to make others comfortable.2) Even when practicing proper etiquette, it will be silent and often invisible with no attention called to the actions.3) A well-mannered person is more likely to cover for someone who doesnt know the etiquette rules than to call the person out for the infraction.