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1、二级口译实务考试介绍英语口译二级考试分口译综合能力 和口译实务测试两部分,旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧,完整准确地译出原话内容,无错译漏译。英语口译实务(二级)考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。题量各占50%,含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇,时间约60分钟。考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等,跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致,要求应试者知识结构分布合理,专业技能达到一定的水平。英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式,考试结果记录在磁带上。考试
2、的评分标准非常细化,一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听,并且听出来的结果基本一致,最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。应该说英语口译实务(二级)考试具有一定的挑战性,要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关,同时还要有稳定的心理因素。按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分,即:助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审,二级就是翻译级,也就是我们所说的中级职称。因此,二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生,经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念,即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。具体说来,应试者应具备良好的语言知识(Linguistic Kno
3、wledge)、语言外的知识(Extra-Linguistic Knowledge)以及分析能力(Analysis)。同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。口译学习讲解技巧和语言基本功相结合。课程讲解同时关注这两点。口译技巧介绍口译技巧( Interpretation Techniques) 根据口译步骤(信息接收信息储存信息处理信息输出)为基础,总结出以下技巧:(1) 听辨; (2) 思维理解1逻辑分析; (3) 思维理解2信息视觉; (4) 思维理解3 将认知信息纳入理解轨道(5) 记忆机制1瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆
4、; (6) 记忆机制2记忆训练方法; (7) 笔记方法1记什么? (8) 笔记方法2怎么记? (9) 数字口译1单纯数字口译(10) 数字口译2数字与信息相结合(11) 习语的口译; (12) 模糊信息处理技巧; (13) 口译中的文化差异; (14) 口译中的句法转换; (15) 语境因素处理技巧; (16) 临场应变技巧。我们将把这些技巧穿插在我们的讲解之中,辅以必要练习。口译课程结构介绍每次课内容安排:50分钟技巧讲解和练习 20语言练习 10篇章练习 20一、听辨技巧 “听辨”,顾名思义,不仅要“听”还要“辨”,即思考、分析。“听辨”是口译过程中的第一个阶段。在这个过程中我们接收到源语
5、信息,并通过种种分析手段把接收到的信息纳入到我们的理解范畴,以便储存和输出。毫无疑问,口译的成败在很大程度上取决于听辨的过程。所以大家首先要对口译的听辨过程有一个透彻的认识,以便有针对性地进行练习,以提高自己的听辨能力。口译中的听辨过程和大家平时在英语学习中所接受的听力训练是不同的,但二者又有一定的联系。首先,具备良好的听力水平是培养好的听辨能力的基础。换句话说,如果一个人的外语听力有问题,那么无论他的语言表达能力有多强,他都很难胜任口译工作。然而光有好的听力还不够,因为听辨过程还涉及到其他方面的能力。这一点可以从听力训练与听辨过程的区别中看出来。1英语的听力训练中比较注重语言层面,也就是说他
6、们会十分注意语音、语调和语言的表达及用法等。而译员在听辨过程中所注重的是意思,或是讲话者的意图而不是具体的词句表达。所以译员在听到一段话之后在头脑中形成的是一个有逻辑关系的语意整体,而不仅仅是词句的简单集合。 2听力练习中主要启动听觉系统,理解只是一个被动而附带的过程。而译员在听辨过程中不仅要启动听觉系统,还要启动大脑中的分析理解机制和记忆机制。也就是说译员要边听、边分析、边理解、边记忆。所以,与一般的外语学习相比较而言,专业译员要具有更强的分析能力,要会“一心多用”。 3在听的过程中,信息接收是被动和跟随性的,对信息的反映略显滞后。而译员的听辨过程是积极而主动的。在听的过程中伴有很大程度的预
7、测和判断行为。常常需要调动非语言因素对所听内容进行分析、整理、补充和联想等。4用作听力训练的材料,信息比较清晰,杂音干扰较少。而译员在口译工作中所处的信息环境是现场性的,因此不确定性因素较多;信息干扰、信息缺失时有发生。而且,讲话者以交流为唯一目的,在信息发布过程中并不照顾或考虑译员的状态。综上所述,口译的听辨过程较一般外语听力训练过程要复杂得多,对能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立这样一个意识,即口译的过程不是一个信息背诵加字词翻译的过程。而是一个通过听辨将信息接收、理解,再用译入语将理解了的信息加以表达的过程。以下提供一些训练方法供大家参考,以英语听辨能力的训练为主。1可以选择一些英文有声
8、资料(最好是现场讲话)或是请练习搭档模拟现场发言。听过一段话后,在不记笔记的情况下用源语(英文)进行复述。注意在听的过程中要把注意力从词句表达上移开,而专注于整段话的逻辑意思。在复述时不要拘泥于原文的词句,更不要试图背原话。意思和逻辑关系要尽量复述的准确完整。2在听辨训练的初级阶段,如果还不能完全掌握边听、边分析、边记忆的技能,可采取就所听内容进行提问的方式建立逻辑关系。比如可以将注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等几个要素上。通过这种方式增强逻辑分析意识,努力跟上讲话人的思路,从而对所听语篇有一个正确的理解。3每段讲话的长度可随熟练程度的加强而
9、逐步增加:比如从听几句话到听一小段,从一小段到一大段到数段等。并且可以尝试听各种不同风格的讲话。选题也可以从比较熟悉的领域逐步扩展到比较陌生的领域,以培养临场适应能力和分析综合的能力。练习 1:要求,认真听原文,不要记笔记,根据WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 几大要素总结段落大意。 Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were mu
10、ch slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a v
11、egetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Whats the general idea of this short passage?Compared with the Chinese
12、, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it. They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Childrens sandwiches.练习 2Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the s
13、hips of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea
14、. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they
15、must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea:Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring
16、 it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.二、 主题练习会议致辞词汇词汇积累(致)欢迎/开幕/闭幕词 (deliver/make) a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture开/闭/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveil
17、ing ceremony 举行烈士纪念碑的揭幕典礼 unveil a monument to the martyrs为展览会揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition奠基典礼 foundation laying ceremony 开学典礼 schools opening ceremony毕业典礼 graduation ceremony /commencement开国大典 founding ceremony of a state婚礼 wedding ceremony庆典 celebration答谢宴会 return banquet晚宴 evening reception/dinner
18、招待会/宴会 reception 冷餐招待会 buffet reception联欢/新年/篝火晚会 get-together/spring festival/campfire party酒会 cocktail party宣布开幕 declareopen; declare the commencement of 宣布闭幕 declare the closing/conclusion of 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty殿下 Your/His/Her (Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency贵宾们
19、 distinguished guests尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr. President至此 之际 on the occasion of 代表 on behalf of 我愿借此机会 I would like to take this opportunity to / I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to 我代表中国政府向各位来宾表示热烈欢迎,对会议的召开表示衷心祝贺! On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后,祝各位在北京生活愉快,并祝会议圆满成功! Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.
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