学位英语同义词近义词辨析.doc
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1、学位英语同义词近义词辨析1、a number of, the number of a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的 the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为的数目2、able, capable, competent able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do s.th。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或
2、受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)3、above all;after all;at all; in allabove all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如: After al
3、l,your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如: He doesnt like you at all他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事? If you d
4、o it at all,do it well若你真要做这件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了,我很惊讶。 in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如: There are 25,000 Inuit in all(In all, there are 25,000 Inuit) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。 4、aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often g
5、oes abroad.board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.5、accept, receiveaccept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)6、accident, incident, event accident事故。如:a traffic ac
6、cident (交通事故) incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。 event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。7-accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步
7、,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”,“精密”。8、accuse, charge, sueaccuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.9、acquire, require, inquireacquire取得,获得,学到。如:
8、acquire knowledge (获得知识)inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a persons name(问一个人的姓名)require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)10、adopt, adaptadopt ()收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)()采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)ado
9、pt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。11、advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不
10、获益。)12、affect, effectaffect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.13、afford, provide, supply 都有“提供,供给”的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。14、ago, beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不
11、可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。15、agree on;agree to;agree with agree on作“就取得一致意见”解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month 上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法:
12、其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划条件建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如: They have a greed to our plan 他们已同意我们的计划。 agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如: He agreed with my opinions 他同意了我的意见。 We agreed with what he said
13、 at the meeting 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 16、alive, living, livealive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。17、almost, nearly一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nea
14、rly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)18、alone, lonelyalone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)19、altogether,
15、all togetheraltogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)20、although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意: 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并
16、列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如: AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如: Young asthough he is, he knows a lot 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。 注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如: Child asthough he is, he can speak two foreign languages 虽
17、然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如: They said they would come; they did not, though 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
18、21、among, betweenamong 在中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.22、answer, reply, respond用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与t
19、o连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)另外,respond还可表“对反应”,“响应”。23、approve, proveapprove(1)赞成,同意。如:I dont approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)(2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。prove和appr
20、ove词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。24、arise/rise/raise/ arousearise是一个不及物动词,意思是“起源于(和from连用)和“出现”。rise是一个不及物动词,意思是“上升”,该词是不及物动词:rise, rose, risenraise是一个及物动词,意思是“举起”。arouse的意思是“引起,导致”。Black smoke rose from the chimney. He is too weak to raise that heavy box. Accidents usually arise from carelessness . A cris
21、is has arisen in their marrige. Matts behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as as(so)far as的意思是“就而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found
22、 their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。26、as though;even though;though as though(as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:
23、 He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain看起来好像要下雨。 even though(even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(
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