高中英语语法分类分析(精华版).doc

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1、高考英语语法分类归纳、练习与分析（精华版）一 Tenses and voices A. 现在完成时: 1)表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经”, “已经了”的意思。Eg.Dont think any more about it. I have decided not to help you. I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it. 2) 到目前为止已发生的。与so far, up till now, in the past/ last .da

2、ys/ years, today, this month/ year 等 “包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。 My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far. Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years.3）表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与for/ since 连用。 He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten years ago. Compare(1):完成进行时表示

3、过去开始的动作一直在进行，直至现在。 He has been working on this project since last month. (2) 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方) (3) 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ by the end of.(到了的时候”连用。例如： 1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. 2）How many words had

4、you leaned by the end of last year? Practice:1.It is reported that the president once_ in the Viet Nams war for three years from 1966-1970. A. served B. had served C. has served D. was serving2. -No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday. -I _ to rock music and was absorbed in it. A listened B wa

5、s listening C. has listened D. had listened3.I wasnt paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I _ his speech very well. A. had not understood B. has not understood C. did not understand D. dont understand4. I _ good at table tennis, but I havent played it for ages. A. am B. was

6、C. has been D. used to be5. I _ where she gets her money all these days.A. am often wondering B. often wondered C. had often wondered Dhave often wondered6. -Tell me what _ while I was absent. -A thief tried to break into the house when I _ in your house. A. happened/ stayed B. was happening/ was st

7、aying C. happened/ was staying D. was happening/ stayed7. -You are always watching TV. -Only on Sundays. And nobody _ it but you. A. knows B. has known C. knew D. is knowing8. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.Astarted ;had already hiddenBhad started

8、;had already hiddenChad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid9. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing10. It _ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area. A. rained B. was raining C

9、. has rained D. had been rainingKeys:1)a 2)b. 3)c 4)a 5) 过去到现在d 6) c 7)a(经常性) 8)a 9) b 与现在有联系 10)d 二、 Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)1.It is important that he _ the college entrance examination.A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend8.Dont come this morning. I would rather you_ the d

10、ay after tomorrow.A. come B. came C.are to come D. will come3._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C. had it not been D. If they were not4.-Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?-_ I had come here earlier!A.But for B.If not C. For

11、 fear D. If only5.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A.is B.will be C. would have been D.would be（分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是 该多好啊5.D）三、 非谓语：（to do/ doing / done） (By Yuan)1.To

12、 do（to be done） / doing / done 作状语的区别：To do（to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型）Doing（being done, having done ）/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。1) complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night. 2) The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a gun.3) He hurrie

13、d back home, leave piles of work unfinished. 4) Defeat time and again, he still didnt lose heart. (分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的 2）only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果 4) Defeated让步）2.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作定语的区别：To do（to be done）：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经

14、常性的动作done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作1） The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn. 2） Who were the first people reach American continent.3） People live in this area feed on rice. 4） Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.(分析：1)to attack 未完成 2）to reach特定句

15、型first/ second等序数词之后 3)living 主动经常性 4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性）3.To doto be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。1) At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time. 2) The novel is reported translate into German already. 3) He wished praise at the meeting

16、held the day before.4) I am glad_(meet) you. I hope to see you soon.(分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met )4.doing / being done / having done 与 donedoing ：主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态 being done：被动、进行或经常性having done：主动，完成于主动词之前done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态1） When heat , ic

17、e will turn into water.2）While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.3)The manager spoke at the conference, _express his satisfaction with the project.4)_wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.5)_raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.6)Th

18、e book _ publish last month is on grammar.7)The project _ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year. (分析: 1) heated 2) wandering 3) expressing 4) Having wiped 5) Having raised 6)published 7) being carried out )5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing)：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind,

19、enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。Practice (By Li & Que)1The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.to have invited B. inviting C.to invite D. invited2- If Mary doesnt come to work on time, she may be fired

20、.-Surely she is not so foolish _ it. A.as not to realize B. not as to realize C. that she didnt realize D.as not realizing3The picure _ on the wall is painted by my brother.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D. being hung4I appreciate _ me during the debate.A. of your supporting B. you to support C. yo

21、ur supporting D. to your supporting5The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had gone.A. tell B.to be told C. telling D. told6I know what kind of boss he is, so I know what _ of him.A. expcted B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects7. _ made all of them much disappointed.

22、A. Her not coming back B. her not to come back C. Not her returning D. Not her being back8.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C.never driving D.never drive9.The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not to

23、do it D. do not to10.I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you the job.A. inform B. having informed C. to inform D. informed11.The flowers _ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt12.Dont use words, expressions,

24、 or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known13.While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded14.Cleaning women in big cities us

25、ually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay16.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus _ an increase in production. A. to result in B. results C.resulting in D.resulted in17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioning B.having

26、 questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned18._, but he still couldnt understand it.A. He had been told many times B. having been told many timesC. told many times D. Although he had been told many times19._ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light music on the MP3 with her eyes hal

27、f _.A.Seated; closed B.Sat; closing C. Seating; closed D. sitting; close20. _ made the student _ interest in his study. A. Being punished; to lose B. Punished; lose C. Being punished; lose D. having been punished; lose21.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his no

28、t allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _.A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked into D. looking into23I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to

29、blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame.24She had no choice but _ to the end.A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought25Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _ our thinking.A.which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to base upon D. to which to

30、be based (keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动4.C 5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果 6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人eg. Dont expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高) 7.A 8.A 9. A动词不定式的省略10 C regret doing后悔做过. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾. 11.Bsmelling做定语12.D 13.Ccant help doing/being done情不自禁做14.C get done = be done 16.C

31、doing表结果17.C 18.A注意but应连接句子19.A 20Cdoing的被动being done做主语done 不能做主语 21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式sb/sth is to blame(主动表被动) 24.B25.B介词+which +to do(做定语)，相当于一个定语从句which we base our thinking on四、 Model Verbs: 情态动词 (By Wang Ping)一. 表示许可：有may, might, can, could。其中might.

32、 could则语气较委婉，但回答由他们引起的问句时，则不用might, could而用can。 1) May Might Can Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.否定形式可用may not, can not或must not，不用might not。2)Visitors may not (或can not/mustnt) touch the button.二、表示能力：can; be able to. be able to用于各种时态。在一般过去时中，若指“能够并且通过某种努力完成某桩事”，我们必须用be able to。

33、1) Cats can are able to climb trees very quickly. 2) A big fire broke out last night, but everyone was able to escape from the house.三、表示“责任和义务”的情态动词有must(主观),have to(客观), mustnt 表示“不可以、不允许”，而have to否定形式：not have to/ neednt。1) As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客观条件)2) You mustnt shout

34、like that to your parents. （不可以、不允许）3) You dont have to neednt work if you dont feel well. 四、用于推测：must, may, might, can, could . 但疑问句中只能用can, could. 1) He looks pale. He_ be ill. 2) -Who _it be? It _(not) be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris. -It _be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discus

35、s with me. 3) He said he didnt feel very well. He _(not) come to the meeting this evening.(1.must 2. can, cant, must 3. maymight not) 注意: 表推测时 must, should (ought to) , may, could , might 可能性依次递减。should, ought to “应该”较多地用于预测将来的事。can表示理论上的可能性，用于泛指.may, could, might表示事实上的可能性，用于特指具体的，可能将要发生的事。1) He sho

36、uld be back by now. 他现在该回来了。2) The teacher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem for them.4) A dog can be dangerous to you 狗可能给人带来危险。（有这种可能性）This dog is very clever. It may (或might/could) help you find your key. 这条狗非常聪明，他可能会帮助你找到钥匙。指具体的事有可能发生。五、shall的用法：1 用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或请求指示.

37、2 用于第二、三人称，表示意志、允诺、命令、威胁、警告等。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定等。如：1) Shall he go with you? (请求指示)2) You shall have a lot of money.= I shall give you a lot of money.(允诺)3) Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (规定)六“情态动词+动词完成式” 1. must may / might + have done，对已发生行为的推测。 2.“ should + ha

38、ve done” “ ought to + have done”表示本来该做某事却未做，否定式“shouldnt + have done” “ oughtnt to + have done”本来不该做而做了的事。3“ neednt + have done”做了本来不必做的事，“本来不必”。2) He looks happy. He _ (not know) this bad news.3) Where is my pen ? I _ (lose) it.4) He was late for work. He_ ( not catch) the first bus. 5) I didnt see

39、 her in the meeting room. She_(not speak) at the meeting.6) She is two hours late. What_(happen) to her?7) The plant is dead . I _(water) it from time to time.8) Tom_ (not give away) the secret, but he meant no harm . 9) It was a five-minute walk from our school. You _ (not come) by taxi.(Keys: 2.ca

40、nt have known 3.maymight have lost 4. might not have caught 5. cant /couldnt have spoken 6. couldcan have happened 7.should have watered 8. shoulnt have given away 9.neednt have come) 注意: could/mighthave done:表示过去有可能发生，但实际没有发生. 1) You were crazy to climb up that tree. You could have killed yourself.

41、2) You might have made more progress, but you didnt work hard.七、must, can, may动词的进行式，表示对进行中的事进行推测。例如： 1）They must be waiting anxiously now. 他们此刻一定在焦急地等待着。 2）Can they be working in the field now? 他们现在可能在地里劳动吗？八 情态动词的反意疑问句:1) He must be tired now, _?2) He must have been tired last night after a days w

42、ork, _?3) He must have been to Hong Kong,_? keys: 1. isnt he 2. wasnt he 3. hasnt he Practice:1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will2. - He didnt pass his English exam. - So he _ a good time during the Spring outing yesterday.

43、 A. cant have B. shouldnt have C. mustnt have had D. couldnt have had3. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would5. The boy must be in the classroom, _ he? A. mustnt B. doesnt C. hasnt D. isnt6. - Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. could7. We wonder why Jim Green _ say such things. A. dared not to