高考英语书面表达讲练系列.doc
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1、书面表达讲练系列(1)一)书信 概述 书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具,也是高考书面表达中常见的考试文体。由于民族语言和习惯上的差异,英语信件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样,有些地方迥然不同。本章将向大家介绍一般格式及各种常见信件,如家信、祝贺信、道歉信及自荐信等。 一般格式 英文书信的构成可分为8个部分: 信头(Heading), 日期(Date), 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address), 称呼(Salutation), 信文(Body of the letter), 结束语(Complimentary close), 署名(Signature)
2、, 附言(P. S.) (1)信头(Heading) 信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字,手写均可)在信的右上角,离开信纸的顶头约1英寸,占二三行或四行均可,格式如下:齐头式 缩进式 注意:写地址的次序与中文不同,应先写门牌号码街道,然后城市和国名。写地址时采用齐头或缩进式,以及每行后要不要加标点符号,都没有固定的规定。如写给经常往来的亲友,这项地址也可以省略。 (2)日期(Date): 写日期注意下列各点:年份应写全,例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”;月份应写英文名称,除May, July外,可用缩写,如:Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替,如
3、7499 或7, 4, 99,因为在英国此日期代表 7th April,1999,而美国则代表4th July,1999。 日期可用1,2,3,411,1221,2231等,也可用lst,2nd,3rd,4th11th,21th22nd31st等。 日期的几种写法:aJuly 7,1998 b1st October, 1998 c30 Nov., 1997 dSep. 3rd, 1999 特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行,不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后,这是很多学生的常见错误。 (3)收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address) 写信人的地址和日期写好以
4、后,接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址,一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写,而在给极熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行,收信人地址可分两行或三行写,和写信人的地址一样,上下可取齐,也可以向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号,称号因人而异。 对普通男子用Mr;对未婚女子用Miss;对已婚女子用Mrs,对婚姻状况不明确的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓); 对男子用Master;对教授或博士(医生)用Prof或Dr (4)称呼(Salutation) 称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼,如Dear , Mr, Uncle,各种称呼因人而异。在称呼后面一般是用逗号,但也有用冒号的。现
5、归纳如下:对父母、兄弟、姐妹等;aFather, bMy dear Mother, c. Dear Sister, d. Dear Tom, 对亲戚:aMy dear Auntie, bDear Cousin, cMy dear Cousin, 对朋友、同学aMy dear friend, bDear Mr Jackson, cMy dear Mr Jackson, dDear Sir, 对未婚女子:aDear Miss Luce, bMy dear Miss Luce, 对一般女子,不论是否结婚:aMadame, bDear Madame, 对已婚女子:aDear Mrs Helen Jac
6、kson, bMy dear Mrs Helen Jackson, 对公司、工厂、学校等:aDear Sirs, bSirs, cGentlemen, (5)信文(Body of the letter) 信文是信件的主体部分,也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字母的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。 开头语 相当于中文的“敬君者”。 aI beg to inform you that bI beg to take this opportunity to inform you that cI have the honor to
7、address you that d I write in a hurry to inform you that eI have the pleasure to tell you that f. Im very much delighted to inform you that 相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信,一切知悉”。 aI thank you very much for your letter of May 20th bYour letter of May 20th has been received with thanks. cIt gives me great pleasure to
8、 receive your kind of May 20th. dIn answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that eI have received your kind letter of May 20th. fWords cant express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning. gYour letter dated May 20th has been received. 结尾语 采用三种方法: 采用分词短语
9、:句末用逗号,不用句号。例如: aWaiting for your good news, bLooking forward to your early reply, cHoping to hear from you soon, dHoping you are enjoying good health, eRegretting that I cant give you a more favorite reply, fRegretting the trouble Im causing you, gWishing you every success, hWishing you a pleasant
10、journey, iWishing you a happy New Year, 采用介词短语,例如: aWith best regards, bWith kind regards to your family, cWith best wishes to you and yours, dWith best wishes for your success and happiness, eWith best wishes for your success in your new field of work, fWith best regards and wishing you all success
11、, gWith warmest regards, hWith best regards to you and your family, iWith the seasons greetings, 采用完整句子: aWe are waiting for your good news. bI hope to receive your early reply. cWe look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. dI thank you very much for your services, and wish your conti
12、nued success. (6)结束语(Complimentary Close) 结束语的一般写法如下: 业务书信常用:Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours, Sincerely yours, 公函常用:Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely, 私人书信常用:Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Yours affectionately, Yours ever, 给亲戚朋友的信常用:Love, Al
13、l my love, Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin , etc. Your affectionate nephew, lovingly, Lovingly yours, (7)署名(Signature) 下面是署名的例子: 个人署名:truly, W. J. Watson ,Yours faithfully, 公司署名:Legend Computer Company, Wang Lin ,Sales Manager (8)附言(Postscript) 发信人有时在写完信后又想起一件比较重要的事没有说,可以在信末署名下面几行写上, P. S. (Pos
14、tscript 的缩写),然后将要补充的话写上。不过要注意写信时最好将事情一次讲清楚,尽量少用或不用P.S.。 以上英文书信结构8个部分在信内的位置如下: 精选范文 101 Hankou Road Shanghai, China 12th Feb., 1982 The Registrar Oxford University England Dear Sir, I wish enter an Oxford College to study for an Arts degree in English Literature. I enclose a list of my qualifications
15、, and you will see what I have been studying atUniversity for the last three years. I have, of course, No English examination qualifications. Could you kindly suggest which of the various colleges would be most likely to receive my application so that I can apply to them individually? Looking forwar
16、d to an early reply, I remain, Yours truly, Denis Green P. S. Kindly send me a syllabus. 生日贺信 Dear Bob, Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for merry returns of the day. With
17、 my sincere wishes for your success. Yours truly, Tom 圣诞节及新年贺信 Dear Mary and Helen, A merry Christmas and a Happy Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous(繁荣) future. My family who are well and happy, join me in my good wishes. Your
18、s very sincerely, Barbara 感谢信 Dear Sir, With feelings of deep gratitude I address you to give my thanks for your noble and generous efforts by which my son was saved from the lake. Surely, if it had not been for your help, my son would not be alive now. I shall be most happy to have a chance of serv
19、ing you in return. I extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor. Yours faithfully, Wang Bing Dear Harry, I expect to leave Shanghai for Nanjing next Monday and intend to stay there for a month or so. You told me you had been there for a long time and knew a lot of people. I, therefore, s
20、hall thank you if you will kindly let me have one or two letters of introduction to them as I am an entire stranger in that place. Yours, John 申请信(申请作为研究助理) Dear Sir, Im a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University. Recently I read that you are hiring an assistant to do researc
21、h on solar physics. As you can see from my re sume (简历).I have had experience in this field. Im very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is . Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely, Wang Ling 练习 假定你的名字是李桦,你给Wor
22、ld Youth杂志寄去了你的姓名住址,征求笔友。下面是你收到的一封信,请给此信写一封约100字的回信。(1999) 16 South Street Epping T33 B54 UK 6th Jan.,1999 Dear Li Hua, I got your name and address from “World Youth”and I would like to be your penfriend. I am a boy of 14. I live with my parents in Epping, a town near London. I go to the Epping Scho
23、ol. Im in form 2. This term we have maths, physics, biology, history, English and physical education. For my foreign language I take French. I would like to take Chinese only they dont teach it here. After school I like playing football and I am on the school team. I also like collecting stamps. Can
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