人教版高中必修5词汇表英汉双解.doc

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1、人教版高中必修5词汇英汉双解（Unit 1） 福建省三明二中张永顺characteristic n. something that is typical of someone or something 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.仁慈是他的特性之一。adj. 同 typical ; representing a persons or things unusual character. 典型的,独特的;It is characteristic of him to run away.逃走是他的特性。radium n. a rare shi

2、ning white metal that has a high level of radioactivity镭painter n. a person who paints, either pictures or things like houses, as a job画家；油漆匠【词组】put forward to suggest something for discussion提出He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。scientific adj. of or about science科学

3、的scientific studies科学研究conclude vt. & vi. to finish, come to an end; to decide结束；推断出The headmaster concluded his speech quickly.校长很快结束了他的讲话。When I had heard his story, I concluded that he had told me the boy had told me the truth.听了他的故事，我断定他告诉了我真相。 conclusion n. 结论；结束My conclusion was that the boy h

4、ad told me the truth.我的结论是这男孩把事实告诉了我。 【词组】 draw a conclusion : come to /reach a conclusion 提出结论What conclusions did you draw/come to /reach?你得出了什么样的结论？analyse vt. to find out what something is made of分析The scientist analysed the milk and found it contained too much water.科学家分析了牛奶发现它含太多的水。infect vt.

5、to give an illness to传染；感染One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.班上一位男孩发烧，他很快传染了其他孩子。 infectious adj. 传染的An infectious illness is one that you can give to other people.传染病是人能传给其他人的疾病。cholera n. an illness which is caused by a bacterium霍乱defeat vt. to beat; win o

6、ver打败；战胜；使受挫He was defeated in the election.他在这次选举中失败了。n. 失败He would not admit his defeat.他不愿承认他的失败。expert adj. （a person）with special knowledge or training 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的He is expert in/at cooking.他擅长烹调。He is expert at driving a car.=He is an expert driver.他精于开车。n. a person who is very good at someth

7、ing special专家；行家She is an expert in economics. 她是经济学专家。attend vt. to look after; to be present at 照顾；护理；出席；参加The doctor attended me when I had a fever.我发烧的时候医生护理我。I attended his birthday party.我参加了他的生日聚会。physician n. a doctor，especially one who treats disease with medicines医生；内科医师expose vt. to uncov

8、er暴露；揭露；使曝光He exposed the wound on his arm.他暴露了手上的伤口。They exposed the secret.他们揭穿这个秘密。【词组】exposeto 使显露；暴露Dont expose it to the sun.不要将它暴晒于阳光中。 deadly adj. causing death致命的This seed is deadly if you eat it.如果你吃下的话这颗种子会致命。cure n. a way of making better治愈；痊愈A certain cure for cancer is not found yet.癌症

9、的可靠的治疗方法尚未发现。Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。 （谚语）vt. to make someone better when they have been ill治愈；治疗I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.我希望医生能治好我肩膀的疼痛。The doctor cured me of a cold.医生治愈了我的感冒。 outbreak n. a sudden appearance or beginning of something bad爆发；发作 （尤指疾病或战争） an ou

10、tbreak of disease/insects/of fighting疾病的突然蔓延/虫害的突然出现/战事的爆发challenge n. an offer to fight or play against someone; a test of ability挑战He accepted the challenge.他接受了挑战。This examination is a real challenge.这次考试是一次真正的挑战。 vt. to offer to fight or play a game against向挑战He challenged me to a race.他向我挑战赛跑。派

11、生 n. challenger (挑战者)victim n. someone who suffers from an illness or action受害者The victim was knifed in the chest. 受害者胸部被刺了一刀absorb vt. to take in liquid slowly; to take up all the attention of吸收；吸引；使专心Cotton absorbs water.棉花吸水。They were absorbed in badminton.他们专心打球。suspect vt. to think that somethi

12、ng is probably true or likely to happen怀疑I suspected that he was lying.=I suspected him of lying.我怀疑他撒谎。n. someone who is thought to have done wrong被怀疑者；嫌疑犯The police have taken the suspect to the police station.警察已将疑犯带到警察局。enquiry n. =inquiry： to ask询问She made an enquiry about jobs. 她询问有关工作情况。neigh

13、bourhood n. the area around a place附近；邻近You will find several shops in the neighbourhood.在附近你会找到几家商店。severe adj. very harmful or painful; so serious, so hard严重的；剧烈的；严厉的He has a severe pain in his leg.他的腿痛得厉害。I think you are too severe on the boy.我认为你对那个孩子太严厉。be severe with=be strict with 对要求严格He is

14、severe with himself. 他严格要求自己。 clue adj. something that helps you find the answer to a difficult question线索；提示The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.警察找到一条线索，这有助于他们抓到盗贼。pump n. a machine for making liquid or gas move泵；抽水机 vt. （用泵）抽（水）They had pumped the well dry and could get n

15、o more water.他们把井抽干了，再也不能打水了。 Cambridge Street 剑桥大街foresee vt. （foresaw; foreseen） to form an idea or judgment about what is going to happen in the future预见；预知It is difficult to foresee whether shell be well enough to go to work.很难预见她的健康状况能否允许她去工作。 investigate vt. & vi. to find out about something b

16、y looking, asking questions, etc. 调查 The police are investigating the robbery.警察正调查抢劫案。 investigation n. 调查The police investigation will take weeks.警察调查将花几星期。blame v. to say someone is the cause of something bad 责备；谴责The policeman blamed the car driver for causing the accident.警察责备司机引起事故。He blamed m

17、e for the accident.= He blamed the accident on me.他将这个意外归咎于我。n. the car driver took the blame for the accident. 司机负起事故的责任。n. the cause of something bad 过失；责备【词组】take the blame for 负起的责任The car driver took the blame for the accident. 司机负起事故的责任。 be to blame 应该怪Who is to blame? 应该怪谁呢？Im to blame. 应该怪我。

18、pollute v. make dirty污染；弄脏Garbage pollutes our rivers and lakes. 垃圾污染我们的河川湖泊。handle n. part of a tool or instrument that you hold in the hand.柄；把手The handle of the pot is hot .这锅柄是热的。 vt. manage; deal with; control处理；操纵She is good at handling children.她很会带孩子。An officer must know how to handle with m

19、en.一个军官必须知道如何统辖士兵。【扩展】Handle with care 小心轻放Handle life with care善待生命 germ n. a very small piece of living substance that can grow in animals or people, often giving them an illness微生物；细菌The wound must be free from germs.伤口必须不受细菌侵入。link vt. & n. to join together or be joined with连接；联系The two towns ar

20、e linked by a railway.一条铁路连接两个城镇。【词组】 linkto 将和联系或连接起来A strong chain linked him to the rock.一条坚固的链子将他系在岩石上。announce vt. to say in public宣布；通知The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆。announcement n. announcer n. certainty n. the state of being certain确信；确实I cant say with cert

21、ainty what my plans are.我不能肯定地说我的计划是什么。certain adj. certainly adv.instruct vt. to give orders to, to teach 命令；指示；教导Ive been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.我奉命在这里等老师来。She instructed me in the use of the camera.她指导我使用相机。instruction n. instructor n. a book of instructions/ an instruc

22、tion book 说明书 a driving instructor 驾驶教练 responsible adj. taking care of someone or something ,and taking the blame if anything goes wrong有责任的；负责的I am responsible for my sister until she gets a job.我负责妹妹直到她找到工作。Simon is a responsible boy; we can leave him to look after the small children.西蒙是个有责任的男孩。我

23、们可以放心让他照顾孩子。 responsibility n.construct vt. to build or make建设；修建They constructed the bridge in a year.他们在一年内建好那座桥。 construction n. building建设；建筑物They are busy with the construction of a new building. 他们在忙于新大楼的建设。contribute vt. & vi. to give with other people捐献；贡献；捐助to contribute food and clothing t

24、o the refugees 捐献食物和衣服给难民。to contribute to the Red Cross 捐助红十字会【扩展】contribute to 有助于；投稿Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。In general I write books, but sometimes I contribute to the newspaper.一般情况下我写书，但有时候我也给报社投稿。apart from except; as well as 除之外；此外All the children like mu

25、sic apart from Joseph.除了Joseph所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。Apart from being to large, the hat doesnt suit me.除了太大以外，这顶帽子我戴也不合适。firework n. a cardboard tube filled with powder, which burns with bright lights or a loud noise烟火（燃放）chart n. a large piece of paper with information on it in pictures and writing图表 creative

26、adj. producing new and original ideas and things有创造力的；创造性的；独创的creative thinking 创造性思想； useful and creative work 有用的创造性的工作【扩展】creativity n.创新 co-operative adj. willing to help other people合作的The teacher thanked her students for being so co-operative.老师感谢学生的合作。【扩展】co-operate v. 合作positive adj. sure积极的

27、；肯定的；确实的I m positive that I gave you his address.我肯定给了你他的地址。He gave me positive help.他给了我积极的帮助。（be）strict with Severe ;especially about behaviour对严格的Our teacher is strict; we have to do what she says.我们的老师很严格。我们得按她的话去做。【搭配】Theyre very strict at our school; one false step, and youre disciplined. 我们学校

28、很严格, 犯了个错, 就会受到处罚. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生, 可是他对他们很严格. Tom was very strict about rules . 汤姆对 “ 规章制度 ” 执行得很严格. Nicolaus Copernicus 尼古拉哥白尼（a Polish astronomer 波兰天文学家）revolutionary adj. connected with a revolution; completely new and different革命的； 重大变革的 a revo

29、lutionary leader 革命领袖a revolutionary new way of growing rice 一种彻底革新的种稻方法【扩展】revolution n. a great change, especially in the government of a country 革命movement n. an act of moving or being moved 移动；运动；动作She watched the dancer and tried to copy her movements.她观察舞蹈者，尽力模仿她的动作。a political movement 政治运动ma

30、ke sense to have good understanding and reasonable ideas讲得通；有意义What she is saying doesnt make sense?她说的话讲不通吗？backward adv. & adj. towards the back；with the back part in front向后地（的）相反地（的）；退步地（的）He looked backwards to see who was following him.他朝后看谁在跟踪他。Youve put your hat backward.你把你的帽子戴反了。loop n. a

31、ring made by a thing like rope or string crossing itself圈；环She put a loop of rope around the dogs neck. privately adv. = in private belonging to one person or group; not public私下地；秘密地May I speak to you privately? 我可以私下跟你说句话吗？【扩展】in private Can I speak to you in private (=with no one else there) ?我可以

32、私下跟你说句话吗？spin vi. & vt. To go round and round fast ; make thread (使)旋转； 纺（线或纱）The wheels of the car were spinning. 车轮在旋转。Cotton is spun into thread. 棉花被纺成纱。 brightness n. 明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiastic adj. feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb/sth热情的；热心的an enthusiastic movie fan.热情的电影迷

33、。David is very enthusiastic about the plan. 戴维对该项计划十分热心。【扩展】enthusiasm n. an eager feeling of wanting to do something. 热情；狂热He was received with enthusiasm.他受到热情接待。He plays football with enthusiasm.他狂热踢足球。 cautious adj. having or showing caution小心的；谨慎的He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.骑自行车时他谨慎小心。reject vt. to decide not to have; throw away拒绝；不接受；抛弃 The board rejected all our ideas. 董事会拒绝了我们的所有想法。I will take whichever you reject. 随便哪一种,拿你不要的给我universe n. all the stars, space etc. that we know about 宇宙；世界