【31-65天】雅思大作文开头、主体、结尾攻略.doc

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1、大作文的开头大作文的类型：单边支持/反对探讨双方陈述利弊半支持半反对分析解决多重选择构成：引言段 + 主体段 + 结论段一、引言段组成：开头句（Opening sentence）+ 中心论点 步骤：引入话题，同义转述，再根据写作任务表达中心论点I、Opening sentence 五种方法:（一）、引人入胜 思路：用一个比较有趣的话题先吊起考官的胃口，并吸引他们往下看题目 1：Many schools demand the students to wear uniforms. Some people think that such a practice can undermine their

2、personality and individuality.范文：The issue of whether the practice of requiring students to wearschool uniforms will affect their personality and individuality is of great interest to many people.备选：Be of great concern for many parents引起父母的关注Be of great importance to many scientists对科学家来说至关重要Be of g

3、reat significance to both A and B对于 A 和 B 都是非常重要的题目 2.：人类如何定义和追求幸福，这样的问题引起公众广泛的争议。 范文：The question of how human beings can define and pursue happiness is a matter of much contention among the general public.备选：The question of _ has been widely debate in the world of politics.（二）、力排众议 思路：先驳斥大众的某个普遍但却

4、错误的观念，指出其与现实不符，然后提出自己的想法 或正确想法，并在主体段列举各种理由、证据以及活生生和例子来论证。套路：Although it is + 副词 + 过去分词 + that .，this is .题目 1：The older generations have very traditional ideas about the correct ways of life, thinking and behavior. However, some people think that these ideas are not helpful for the young generations

5、 to prepare for modern life.范文 1：Although it is commonly believed that conventional views about a healthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer to young peoples needs today, this is actually not the case.题目 2：越来越少人照看年老的亲属，而是把他们送到专业人士那边去。范文 2：Although many people subscribe to the belief that the

6、ir old relatives can be taken better care of in a nursing home, this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up. From my point of view,it is the younger family members who should really be responsible for looking after these old people during the rest of their lives.释义： 普遍认为，但事实并非如下。

7、Although it is commonly believed that , this is actually not the case.许多人认同这样的观点，但事实上这却是一种我们需要去澄清的普遍错误观念。 Although many people subscribe to the belief that ., this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up.大众观念认为.，但是现实状况却远比这种观念复杂得多。Although conventional wisdom has it that., the real

8、ity of the situation is often far more complicated than that.释义：subscribe to 订阅、同意、预订 conventional wisdom大众观念(三)、放眼世界 思路：从“时间”或“地点”的跨度着手，比如：过去怎么样？题目 1：Some people support the development in agriculture, such as farming industry and the scientific creation of new types of fruit and vegetables. Others

9、 oppose this development.Discuss both views and state your opinion.范文：Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural development, where industrial technologies are being employed and new varieties of crops are being created. Yet, opponents of this development have raised a numb

10、er of difficult questions. From my opinion of views, this is a really complicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand the bigger picture.备选：Recent decades have witnessed an increase awareness of释义：understand the bigger picture 了解事物的全貌题目 2：With divorce rates and family breakdowns

11、 increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today are not as close they used to be.范文 2：Divorce and family breakdown were virtually unheard of just 100 years ago. Now, however, almost half of all marriages fail. This phenomenon is symptomatic of the growing distance between family m

12、embers in modern society.(四)、兼收并蓄 题目 1：谁该为修路付费，个人还是政府？范文：Some people hold the opinion that the government should make more investments is expanding and improving road systems, whereasothers who are not so convinced present the counterargument that it is the responsibility of the growing number of pr

13、ivate car users to deal with the huge costs. In my opinion, both sides of the argument have theirown reasons, and we need a detailed analysis to get to the root of this controversy.(五)、 异军突起 题目 1：谈个人科技的发展与贫富差异 范 文 1 ：With the huge expansion of high technologies available to individuals, it is someti

14、mes argued that economic and cultural gaps between the rich and poor are being further widened.题目 2：淡大型超市和商场的急剧扩张.范文 2：With the unprecedented explosion of large supermarkets andshopping malls, a lot of small local shops have quietly disappeared while the remaining ones are struggling for hopeless su

15、rvival.释义：unprecedented explosion前所未有的爆发范文 3：With the continuous and gradual evolution of mass media, many serious crimes are now described in greater detail on newspapers, television and the Internet, raising considerable public concern over personal safety and social stability.范文 4：With the mass e

16、xtinction of endangered and rare species, manycountries have taken harsh measures against illegal hunting, unregulated dumping of industrial waste and rampant destruction of their natural habitats by human developers.II、中心论点(一）单边支持/反对类型提问：Do you agree or disagree with this statement?范文 1：（反对）In my o

17、pinion, these subject are not only useful but also fascinating, and it is simply too early for primary schoolchildren to study science and technology.（二）半支持半反对型提问：To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?范文 2：From my point of view, （三）探讨双方型(可以参考前文“兼收并蓄”套路)提问：Discuss both sides and

18、 give your own opinion范文 3：1.To my way of thinking, both sides of the argument have their own reasons, and we need a detailed analysis to get to the root of this controversy. 双方都有理，需要仔细分析才可了解争议起因2.To my way of thinking, both these views can be justified to some extent. 一定程度上都有道理3.To my way of thinki

19、ng, both these views contain some elements of the truth, which will be discussed in detail in the following essay.注：Which 引导定语从句很自然过渡到主体段（四）分析解决型提问：In what ways could mobile phones and Internet be useful to older people? How canold people be encouraged to use this high technology? To my mind, （五）陈述利

20、弊型提问：Does the usefulness of this method of learning outweigh its limitations?（advantage = usefulness，disadvantage = limitations） To the best of my knowledge, （六）多重选择型（少见）提问：What others factors should be considered? Of these factors, do you think anyone ismore important than others?As far as I am con

21、cerned, 二、主体段拓展八法（一）、举例论证(Exemplification)Sample 1：亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化.以中国为例,当青少年去看电影的时候,他们 一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影.范文 1：The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over dom

22、estic films.Sampler 2：谈大学教育的两大功能：就业与求知范文 2：To begin with, it is really helpful for university students to be taught some job-related skills that have already become a major focus of higher education. A typical example can be found in the effort to develop their interpersonal skills now required by a

23、 growing number of companies as one of the most essential qualities of any job candidate.句型：An interesting / striking / typical example of is provided by the story of sb. whoSample 3：动物是人类的朋友.例如，海豚经常从沉船里营救船员.范文 3：Animals are humans companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinkin

24、g ships.Sample 4：大量证据表明，破裂家庭的子女出现情感、行为障碍或触犯法律的可能性是完整家庭子女的 23 倍。范文 4：A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law.Sampler 5：个人教育与社会发展之间的关系（特别是）范

25、文 5：Decent education for every individual contributes significantly to the overall well-being of society, especially/particularly when their personal achievements amount to a driving force of social progress.Sampler 6：学生的学习压力（特别强调）范文 6：It is not uncommon that school teachers nowadays tend to exert u

26、ndue academic pressure on young students, with particular emphasis on consistently good performance in all sorts of tests and examinations.Sampler 7：这点可以通过 来说明Sampler 7：It is evident from the information supplied that male are far more likely to commit crimes. This point can be illustrated/emphasize

27、d by the fact that male offenders accounted for 96% of prison inmates.（二）、引用论证思路：引用“科学证据、研究成果、学术刊物、统计数据”Sample ：员工和雇主能否都获益于“在家上班”范文：There is some incontrovertible to suggest that both employees and employers can benefit a lot from the growing trend of telecommuting. According to a recent article pub

28、lished in the world-famous Nature Journal, while the average telecommuter can save a considerable portion of their travel expenses, it is estimated that their companies can cut operational costs by almost one third if 25% of the staff are allowed to work at home.句型：0 According to a recent article pu

29、blished in the world-famous Time Magazine, 0 According to a recent survey conducted by a group of American researchers of the University of Chicago, 国 家大 学AmericanUniversity of Southern CaliforniaYale UniversityBritishUniversity of OxfordUniversity of CambridgeCanadianUniversity of TorontoYork Unive

30、rsityAustralianUniversity of SydneyUniversity of Queensland（三）、递进论证模板：To begin with In the second place LastlySample 1：科学研究应由政府还是私人机构开展范文 1： There are many reasons for entrusting scientific research to the governments rather than private companies. 支持 1To begin with, many large-scale and long-term r

31、esearch projects require substantial funding that only national governments can afford. 支持 2In the second place, first-rate scientists who enjoy international reputation are largely concentrated in government-sponsored research institutions. 支 持 3Lastly, since most private companies are profit-orien

32、tated, the findings and conclusions from their research are more likely to be skewed or biased and even represent the interests of a small group.剖析：支持 1：大型、长期的研究项目需要大量的资金，通常只有政府有这样的财力； 支持 2：一流科学家大量集中在由政府资助的研究机构中；支持 3：私人机构大都以利益为导向，故而得出的结果可能是歪曲或带有偏见的，甚至代表某些小团体的利益。注意：不要用 Last but not least，否则引起考官反感，直接用

33、 Lastly 即可!句型：（适用说明缺点）0 One major problems/advantage/measure of 0 Another big risk/benefit/sound approach is that Furthermore, there is a third undesirable development Sample 2：由广泛使用手机所带来的社会、健康和技术问题范文 2：It has become increasingly apparent that the widespread use of cell phones gives rise to a number

34、 of problems in modern society. 支持 1One major problems of using mobile devices too regularly is that they are posing a potential threat to human health in form of the microwave radiation emitted. 支持 2Another big risk is that cell phone technology is often manipulated and even abused to extract and s

35、ell users personal information to those unscrupulous marketing companies. 支 持 3Furthermore, there is a third undesirable development: Since cell phones can provide criminals with increased mobility and accessibility to critical data, the number of unsolved crimes is steadily on the rise.剖析：支持 1：健康层面

36、 - 微波辐射对健康构成潜在的危害 支持 2：技术方面 - 技术滥用，个人信息被作为商品卖支持 3：社会层面 给犯罪分子作案增加了便利，导致悬案增加释义：pose a potential treat(risks) to 构成潜在的危害（威胁）unscrupulous肆无忌惮的undesirable不受欢迎的，可能招致麻烦的unsolved crimes悬案（四）、对比论证（Comparison and Contrast）思路：正面思维枯竭时，可以换位思考（“逆向思维”），通过 A 烘托出 B 的优/缺点题目：探讨老师应该教会学生辩明是否？还是只负责课程教授而不管其他方面提纲：正面论述 1 道德

37、品质的教育比知识更重要（递进法） 正面论述 2 良好的行为可以促进学生的学习进步（递进法）正面论述 3 最新的研究证据表明：优秀的学生往往两面俱佳（引用法） 反面论述 1 放弃道德行为的教育会产生许多问题（对比法）范例：., teaching students how to distinguish right from wrong is matter of utmost importance in education, especially during their formative years.【支持 1】To begin with, such moral education is oft

38、en regarded by most teachers as much more important than teaching them academic knowledge. 【支持 2】In addition, being fully aware of the difference between right and wrong effectively improves their own behavior, which can in turn facilitate their learning process. 【支 持 3】According to a recent study c

39、onducted by a team of Canadian researchers of University of Toronto, many top students in high school not only perform well academically, but they also generally show decent behavior in a consistent way.【支持 4】In sharp contrast, not providing young students with a proper moral education is a sure rec

40、ipe for disaster because a number of serious problems may result from this failure.释义：facilitate their learning process 促进学习（facilitate 便利、促进）a sure recipe for disaster灾难性的后果（五）、因果认证(Cause and effect)思路：分为两类讲事物原因；事情结果。模板 1：Be 动词 + 过去分词 + 介词0 be (directly) linked to . 0 be (strongly) related to 0 be

41、(unquestionably) tied to 0 be (closely) connected with 0 be (largely) associated with 模板 2：0 as 0 since 0 due to 0 owing to 0 hence 0 thus 0 therefore 0 as a consequence/result/consequently 0 thereby:以此达到目的(不能用在句首,而且后面是加动名词) 题目 1：生态问题正在被恶化,因此,我们必须采取措施解决环境问题.范文 1：The ecological problems are being agg

42、ravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.题目 2：政府应该提高公众的环保意识,以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生 存的环境.范文 2：The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more liva

43、ble environment.模板 3：0 lead to (从句) 0 give rise to (从句) 0 contribute to (从句) 0 result in (从句) 题目 3：Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc) to study at home, but some think that it cannot bring as benefits as attending college or university. To what extent

44、to you agree or disagree with this opinion?解析：属于半支持半反对类型：主体段一：提出反对理由 写 distance learning 的好处(Benefits) 主体段二：提出支持理由 写 distance learning 的坏处之一(Problem1) 主体段三：提出支持理由 写 distance learning 的坏处之二(Problem2)范文 3：(主体段二)【主题句】Despite the convenience and relatively low cost of distance learning, it would be wise

45、 for us to consider it downside.【支持 1】One of the biggest problems is that it cannot create an environment that is conducive to the students learning process, especially the much-needed interaction with their professors and classmates.【支持 2】This may result in a terrible sense of disconnection and eve

46、n social isolation among the learners.【支持 3】In comparison, attending college or university is a more pleasant and exciting experience for young students as they can combine academic learning with a wide variety of social and extracurricular activities.备注：本段写作模式为“1+3”，即一个主题句+三个支持句。【主题句】以 despite 为引导的让步状语从句开始，总结主体段一中分析的好处，可视为“转折法； 支持 1】为“递进法”；【支持 2】为“指代法”+“因果法”；【支持 3】采用了“对比法”。（六）、指代法思路：用词出现 this, that, these, those, it, they, such 等代词，与其他方法配合应用 模板 1：This is cle