英语同义词辨析总复习.doc

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1、初中英语常用词词义及用法辨析1、about, on about与on都可以作关于讲，但on是表示关于学术性的问题，例如：This book is about physics. 这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。This book is on physics. 这是一本物理学方面的专著。2、after, in当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in，而不能用after，因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。另外：in t

2、wo days 用于一般将来时two days later 用于一般过去时3、agree with/ agree on/ agree to (1)agree with(sb.)表示“与意见一致”。I dont agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。(2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等,“同意计划、安排”。We all agreed to your plan. 我们同意你的计划。(3)agree on 表示“双方就.达成一致协议”。China and the U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the

3、 next meeting.中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议。4、 a bit/ a little 二者都有“一点儿”的意思, (1)相同点：都用来修饰形容词、副词原级及其比较级，也可修饰动词。Get up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star.起早一点你就会看到星星了。(2)不同点：a little+不可数名词，a bit of+不可数名词He ate a little food/ a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一点食物。a little 与a bit 和否定词连用,意义大不相同

4、。not a little 很，非常； not a bit 一点也不 5、against, for against 反对、不赞成；for 同意，为其反意词。如： Are you for or against the plan?6、already, yet already多用于肯定句中，而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work.Have you finished it yet? I havent finished it yet.7、also too either also与too都可用在肯定句中表示也，但als

5、o通常用于be动词或情态动词之后、行为动词之前，too用于句末；either用于否定句，用于语句末如：I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。例如:Ill attend his class, too.He cant believe it , either.8、another, other, the other, the others, others (1)another作形容词其意为：泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的。如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another

6、还可以作为代词用，如：One student said：I want to play baskball. another said：I want to play football.(2)other作形容词其意为泛指其余的，别的。如：I have other books besides these. Ask some other people please. (3)the other则特指两者中的另一个，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，单数)There are fi

7、fty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，复数)(4)others则只能作代词，其意为other ones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. (5)the others只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.9、answer, replyanswer与reply是近意词，

8、作为后面接宾语从句时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但作为应答之意时则多用answer，reply一般用作不及物动词要与to连用如：Please answer my letter as soon as possible. He didnt answer me.reply to me/my letter10、arrive / reach/ get (1) arrive vi. arrive + in + 大地方（国家、城市等）arrive + at + 小地方（村庄、车站、码头等）He arr

9、ived in London yesterday morning. 他昨天早晨来到伦敦。(2) get vi.get to + 名词When did you get to the station yesterday?你昨天什么时候到达火车站？(3)reach vt. reach + 名词Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后请给我写信。当arrive、get后接地点副词here、there、home时,不能后接任何介词。如：I got/ arrived home / there late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家(那儿)。11

10、、at, in, on 表示时间时:(1)表示具体钟点用at，如：He will be back at 6:00. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是， morning ,afternoon,evening,night有任何修饰词，其介词要换为on，如：on a cold morning, on the afternoon of May6.又如：See you on Monday morning. (2) 表示具体的某一天，要用on, 如：on Sunday, on June4,on my birth

11、day(3)在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in，如：in July. in 1987但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如：at Easter, at Christmas3. between/ among 这两个词都有“在之间（中）”的意思，但用法不同： (1)between用于表示双方之间的关系，不论双方的数目是多少。 The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行。There is a tree between the two houses.这两座房子之间有一棵树。 (2)among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上，

12、在一群、一组或一个整体中间。I saw him among the crowd.我看见他在人群中。London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。12、beat, win(1)win(won won)是胜过之意,及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match? win 短语： win a game 赢得比赛（游戏） win a gold medal 赢得金牌 win a prize 获奖 win the war 赢得了战争的胜利 (2)

13、beat(beat beaten)指打败对手、敌人如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten)。13、because, because of because后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. because of后要接名词如：He is not at school because of the illness.14、below, underunder意为正下方，而below意为比低，或指在下游。如：There is

14、a fall below the river. 河的下游有一个瀑布。 under反义词为over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在下面的例子一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.15、borrow, lend, keep英语中有三个词都可译为借，但意义各不相同。borrow是指借入，其常用结构borrow sth. from sb.，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. 这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。lend 是借出，即

15、借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend sb sth., 或lend sth. to sb. I can lend you my bike. Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep为借多久，是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如： You can keep it for three days. How long can I keep it?16、bring/ take/ fetch/ carry (1)bring意为“带来”，指把某物从别的地方带到说话时的这个

16、地方来。如： Remember to bring your book tomorrow.记住明天把你的书带来。 (2)take意为“带走”，即把某物带到别的地方去。 Its going to rain. Youd better take an umbrella with you.要下雨了。你最好带上一把雨伞。 (3)fetch意为“去取来某物”，它包括一个往返的过程。 如：Will you go and fetch some water?你去取一点水来,好吗？ (4)carry一般指“随身携带的细小物品”，此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具意为“运载”的意思。如： He always carri

17、es a pocket dictionary with him.他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。The bus carried me to the park yesterday.昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园。17、by/ with/ in by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“手段”。它们的区别是： by表示“以方式（方法、手段）”和“乘坐某种交通工具”； with指“借助于具体的手段和工具”； in表示“以方式”，“用某种语言”。 例He goes to school by bike.他骑自行车上学。 Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.吉姆用梯子

18、爬树。 Can you say it in English?你能用英语说它吗？18、besides/ except (1)besides与except用于肯定句时，except意为“除之外（不再有）”；besides意为“除之外（还有）”。试比较： I have another blue pen besides this one.除了这枝外，我还有另一枝蓝色钢笔。（1+1，共2枝） We all passed the exam except Tom.我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外。（整体中汤姆一人不及格） (2)except前几乎总有all、any、every、no及其复合词等词。 He answ

19、ered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了。 (3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和原形动词，这时except=but；但except后跟副词、介词短语时，不能用but代替。如： The window is never open except in summer.这扇窗户从来不开,除夏季外。He did nothing except/ but clean the house.他只是打扫了房子。19. both/ all 这是一组代词，也可以作形容词， (1)both指“两者都”（=2），其否定应为neith

20、er。 His two brothers are both workers.他的两个兄弟都是工人。They both work in our school.他们俩都在我们学校上班。 both的位置：系动词be后，实义动词前。 (2)all指“三个或三个以上都”，否定应为none。 The students all work hard.学生们都很用功。They are all here today.他们今天都在这里。 They are all strangers. I know none of them.他们全是陌生人,他们当中我一个都不认识。20、call on, drop in, visit

21、 call on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If youre free, drop in. visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如： My schools headmaster will visit America next week.21、come in, come into, enter come in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my ro

22、om. The door opened and the child came in. enter常作为及物动词使用，如： The bus entered the English tunnel.22、in the corner, at the corner in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如： There is a big tree at the corner of the building.23、cost, spend. take cost, spend. take都可以作花费讲， (1)cost的用法是sth.+cost+sb.+金

23、钱，如：The book cost me ten dollars. (2)spend的用法是sb.+spend+时间+(in)doing sth.或“sb.+spend+金钱+on sth.，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. I spend two dollars on this book. (3)take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:It+takes+sb.+时间+to do sth., 如： It took me an hour to clean the classroom.24、dress, have on, put on, wear (

24、1)have on和wear表示状态，如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. (2)put on则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat, it is cold outside.(3)dress即可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.25.drop, falldrop与fall都可以表示落下、掉下之意，有时可以互换，如：The dic

25、tionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。26.each, everyeach与every都作形容词讲时，都有每个之意，但有不同。each多指个体，而every则多指整体。如：We want every student to succeed. each不用来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用。27.in, on, at在讲述地理位置时， (1)in表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. (2)on则表

26、示双方接壤，如：North Korea is on the northeast of China. (3)to表示互不相接的两部分时则, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.28、farther, further 他们是far的比较级farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：Milan is farther away than Rome. further则是指进一步的，如：Will we need any further discussion on this matter？29、fast, soon fast指行动本身的速度快，如：The foreigner s

27、peaks too fast. soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon.30、fill, full fill是动词，当表示充满之意时是不及物动词，应用fill with，如：The little girls eyes filled with tears. 当表示使装满某物时，是及物动词，如：He filled his pocket with books. be filled with应看作系表结构，如：The boys mother was filled with anger. full是形容词，要用be full of这一词组，如：The

28、boy was full of joy.31、find, find out find out意为找出、算出、发现，如：I have found out how to do it. find的主要侧重点在找到某物，如：I find my book under the desk.32、forget to do sth., forget doing sth.forget to do sth.为忘了去作某事，forget doing sth.则应译为对已经作过的事记不起来了。如：He forget returning the book to the library.他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。同样

29、用法的词还有remember和regret.remember to do sth. 不定式表达的动作还没有去做，remember doing sth.动名词所表示的动作已经做完， 如： Do remember to turn off the light before you leave.I dont remember meeting you. 33、gone, been He has gone to Shanghai. 指此人已去上海（不在此地了）。He has been to Shanghai. 指此人去过上海（现已回来了）。34、gold, goldengold作形容词指金质的，如：a g

30、old ring， a gold coin，golden是金色的，如：golden age(金色的时代)，但金鱼例外，为gold fish。35、good, well He is good. 他是个好人。He is well.他身体不错。I feel good. 我精神状态良好，I feel well.我身体状况不错。be good for是对有利、有好处，而be good to是指对待某人不错，如：Your friend is very good to me.36、hear, listen to hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；listen to则强调动作，指有意要听，听的

31、倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.但词组hear about (of)则为听说过之意，如：I heard about this. 我听说过此事。hear from则为收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.37、home, house, family home是指与亲人一起居住的地方（包括住处和家人）。house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year.family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a

32、happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family all like swimming.38、hope, wishhope不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.（I hope him to be a scientist.就错了）而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.39、in hospital, in the hospitalin hospital为住院就医。而in (at) the hospital 为在医院(工作)。如：He is

33、 a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如：上学为go to school，at school为在校就读，go to bed为上床睡觉。40、ill, sickill一般不作定语，只作表语sick可以作表语或定语，如： Im ill (sick). a sick boy41、interesting, interested修饰物时应用interesting, 如，an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如： Im interested in this playHe is an interesting

34、 man. .他是一个十分有趣的人。所以interesting是令人感兴趣之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用be interested in sth.这一句型。42、join, attend, take part injoin经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如： I take part in the football game.43、keep doing sth

35、., keep on doing sth.keep doing sth.为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing sth.互换。它们的区别在于keep doing sth.意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如： When the train started, she kept waving her hand.而keep on doing sth.则表示该动作可能有停顿但却一直在进行中，如： He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.44、of sth., to sth.英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance,

36、 answer则多用to，如：门的钥匙为key to the door, 高速公路入口为entrance to the highway, 问题的答案为the answer (key) to the question.45、know, know of I know him. 我很了解他。I know of him. 我听说过他。 同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。46、last, the last 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如： That was the last Chr

37、istmas I spent at home. 47、must, have to must用来表示说话者主观上觉得某件事有必要去做，如I must stop smoking. 我自己认为我要戒烟。而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事，如： I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式，当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如： When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustnt意为：一定不要做某事，如： You mustnt tell this to Tom.

38、 48、no, none, notno是个限定词，它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前，如： No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no，而要用none of，如None of the students was her.要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我们用not，如： I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no，如Sorry, there is no time to talk.49、no one 和none a） none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。 b）

39、 none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如： None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。 - Did any one call me up just now?-刚才有人打电话给我吗? - No one. -没有。 50、other, the otherother作形容词时没有复数形式，且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词，如：Ask some other people. 而加定冠词后为特指。 the other可在句中作主语、宾语或定语，如： Now let me show you the other. (宾语) He has

40、 two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. (主语)others 只能作代词，而the others则为特指，如： There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others. 51、say, speak, talk, tell say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语，如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加语言时才是及物的，如： Please speak English. He we

41、nt on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.52、the second, a second当表示再增加一个时，不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调次序，a second强调再增加一个。I like the second book.He bought a second car.53、sleep, asleep, sleepy熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用Hes sleeping. 而常讲

42、Hes asleep. 其形容词sleepy是困倦的，如： I shall go to bed now. Im so sleepy. 54、so, such (1)用于单数可数名词之前，其格式为such+不定冠词+形容词+名词，而so+形容词+不定冠词。such a clever boy so clever a boy(2)用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，只能用 such，如： It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exa

43、m easily. (3)在只有形容词或副词时只能用so，如： It is so good that I like it very much.(4)在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如： I have so little money that I cant buy the dictionary.55、some, anysome多用在肯定句中，any用在疑问句或否定句中;如： I have some money to buy it.在请求，或真心希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中要用some而不用any，如： Would you like sth. t

44、o drink? Could you lend me some money?56、sometime, sometimes, some times, some time （1）sometime为某时，如： Well meet again sometime next year. I saw her sometime in July. （2）sometimes为有时、时常、常常，如： Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. （3）some times为若干次，如： I visited America some times. May

45、be six or seven times. I am not sure. （4）some time则是一段时间如： I want to leave some time.57、still, yet, already still一般与动词连用，可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续，特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如： Ive been thinking for hours, but I still cant decide. yet一般放于句末，用在疑问句或否定句中。如： Has the postman come yet? already可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早，如： I

46、ve already finished my homework.58、through, across穿过across是横穿，表示在一平面上进行的动作，through是纵穿，是用在三维空间的动作。如： The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.59、try doing, try to do try doing 的意思是试一试，或做某事看看会发生什么情况，Please try understanding it.而try to do表示为达到目的要去做的事,即尽力做。Please try to understand it.60、in the way