考研英语写作基本要领.doc

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1、考研写作基本要领 使用规范的句子1. 完整1)意义的完整Bikes are so popular in China.(Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.)2)结构的完整指代不明It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.(It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.)省

2、略错误I said I have more respect for him than his wife.(I said I have more respect for him than for his wife.)断句不严We couldnt decide upon a new car, there were many attractive models.(We couldnt decide upon a new car, for there were many attractive models.) or(We couldnt decide upon a new car. There wer

3、e many attractive models.)2.连贯1) 代词指向不明确He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.(He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not seriously hurt.)2) 不定式、分词、动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed.(To succeed in a scientific research project, o

4、ne needs to be persistent.)3) 结构不平行Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.(Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.)It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.(The ceremony was both lon

5、g and tedious.)4) 主次不分，重点不突出The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriou

6、sly.(As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year, the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination, neglecting their health. In view of this, the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.)3. 简练1) 删除（多

7、余成分）The distant explosion was audible to the ear.(The distant explosion was audible.)There are four companies in Shanghai, and any of them can supply us with spareparts.(Any of the four companies in Shanghai can supply us with spareparts.)2) 替换（用词或词组替代从句）The bottles that are placed on the shelf cont

8、ain some chemicals that have been newly discovered.(The bottles on the shelf contain new chemicals.)Mr. Li, who is my favourite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.(Mr. Li, my favourite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.)4. 多样化1) 简单句与复杂句I am sorry not to have an

9、swered your letter earlier.I am sorry that I have not answered your letter earlier.2) 双重否定The value of the information he has provided cannot be overestimated.There is no general rule without some exceptions.3) 变化主语If you take this medicine, you will feel better.This medicine will make you feel bett

10、er. 常用句型l1. 相似性1) A is to B what/as C is to DMoral corruption is to the State as physical disease is to an individual body.2) Just as , so Just as woods are indispensable to birds, so is the earth to human beings.3) A and B have sth. in commonAs far as personality is concerned, they have almost ever

11、ything in common.4) A is similar to BMy hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records, foreign and domestic.5) The same is true of, The same can be said ofAs the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self-seclusion. The same is true of China.

12、2. 相异性1) A is just the opposite (to B)Beijing is populous and crowded, while Canberra is just the opposite.2) A differs from B in that Chinas condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.3) is not the sameWhile it may be true that basketball and volleyball share

13、certain features, the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.3. 权衡1) The advantages outweigh the disadvantagesIt seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.2) Nothing can rival Perhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading.3) has

14、drawbacks as well as merits.There could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.4) A is superior to BMen may be superior to women in physical affairs. Yet, there is no difference in intelligence.5) varies from person to personPeoples attitude towards drugs varies from person

15、 to person.4. 过渡句1) It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesnt follow that thats all they are.2) This is true, no doubt, but it is not the whole story by any means.3) It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably le

16、ss well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.4) This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.5. 表示倍数与比例关系1) Asia ranks first both in

17、 area and in population among the seven continents. Europe is second to Asia in population, but in area it is the last but one.2) We all hope that a countrys population should be in proportion to its area. Unfortunately, the reality often goes against our will.3) A is by far the larger university, b

18、eing over three times as big as B.4) And in August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79 percent as compared with the number of January.6. 图表作文中的过渡1) This table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities. As can be indicated i

19、n the table, the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters, which nearly doubled the Bs corresponding figure.2) As we could find out later in this unit, his plan was not quite as he had expected.3) As is revealed in the graph 4) As the survey results show 7. 描述曲线走势1) The popu

20、lation rose rapidly until it reached 600 000 in 1990. Since 1990 the growth has continued but the population has risen relatively slowly.2) Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell until it reached 30 per thousand in 1980.3) The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highes

21、t peak in 1963.4) After a steady decline for a whole decade the countrys fertility rate shows signs of leveling off.8. 图表作文中的开头与结尾1) This table provides several important points of comparison between the two key universities.2) The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The fir

22、st diagram simply records The second graph throws a now light on 3) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows: 4) If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety, the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year

23、 1991. l 句子之间的连接1.过渡词语1)附加递进：and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides1) 对比转折：but, yet, while, whereas, although, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast3)陈述理由：for, since, as, because, due to, on the grounds that, owing to4)表达结果：so, as a result, thus, consequently, therefo

24、re5)肯定强调：obviously, certainly, of course, undoubtedly, in fact, indeed6)罗列条件：if, as long as, provided that, unless7)顺序列举：firstly, to begin with, then, after this, last but not least8)举例论证：for instance, for example, namely, such as, including9)总结说明：in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, to conclude2.

25、反义词或互补词1) 反义词：Years ago a TV set was regarded as a luxury. Today it is a necessity.2) 互补词：Discrimination is mainly practiced against women in the field of science. We dont find men complaining about this.3. 概括词或上下义词1) 概括词：An electron tube is generally used for amplification. Vacuum tube is another n

26、ame for this device.2) 上下义词：Yesterday a pigeon carried the first message from London to Liverpool. The bird covered the distance in two hours.4. 词汇链Brain injuries do not heal as do hurts in other parts of the body. A broken leg can be set. A black eye clears up. But the brain, once damaged, never recovers. The destruction of brain cell is permanent.