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1、动词的时态和语态练习、讨论、交流、合作、探究1、The film _(begin) when I got to the cinema.2. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _(grow) up.3. My sister is a student and she _(study) at a middle school.4. Mr. Green _(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.5. You _(catch)
2、 the nearly bus if you get up early.6. _ you been _ (wear) glasses all the time.7. Ill go home as soon as I _(finish) my homework.8. Most science books are _(write) in English.9. I _(stay) there for two months last year.1.句子的时态:现在进行时、一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时。2.句子的语态:一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的
3、被动语态常见6种时态的构成及用法 一一般般现现在在时时用法用法(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作表示经常性、习惯性的动作(2)表示现在的状态、特征或真理表示现在的状态、特征或真理(3)在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时构成构成(1)主语动词原形主语动词原形(2)主语主语(第三人称单数第三人称单数)动词动词(第三人称单数第三人称单数)(3)主语主语am/is/are其他其他常用常用时间时间状语状语often, usually,sometimes, everyday(week/month/year),once a week等等 例句例句He
4、 goes to school every day. 他每天都去学校。他每天都去学校。The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。If she is free,she will come to see me tomorrow.如果她明天有如果她明天有空就会来看我空就会来看我 。专题九 动词的时态一一般般过过去去时时 用法用法(1)表示过去某时发生的事表示过去某时发生的事(2)表示过去存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作表示过去存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作 构成构成(1)主语动词过去式主语动词过去式(2)主语主语was/were其他其他 常用常用时
5、间时间状语状语yesterday,last year (week/night/month), three years ago, in 2015, just now 例句例句He worked in a factory in 2015.他他2015年在一家工厂工作。年在一家工厂工作。 专题九 动词的时态一一般般将将来来时时 用法用法(1)表示将来的动作或状态表示将来的动作或状态(2)表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事(3)表示按计划即将发生的动作表示按计划即将发生的动作 构成构成(1)主语主语will/shall动词原形动词原形(2)主语主语be going to动
6、词原形动词原形(3)go, come, start, move, leave等可用进行时态表将来等可用进行时态表将来注意注意 There be句型的一般将来时结构为句型的一般将来时结构为There will be/There is/are going to be 常用常用时间时间状语状语tomorrow, next week (year/month), in时间段,时间段,in 2020等等 例句例句We will have a party tomorrow. 明天我们将有个聚会。明天我们将有个聚会。Im leaving for Beijing. 我将要动身去北京。我将要动身去北京。There
7、 will be a meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个会议。明天将有一个会议。 专题九 动词的时态现现在在进进行行时时 用法用法表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作 构成构成主语主语am/is/are现在分词现在分词 常用常用时间时间状语状语now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等等 例句例句Look! They are playing football. 看,他们正在踢足球。看,他们正在踢足球。Im doing my homework now. 现在我正在做我的家庭作业。现在我正在做我的家庭作业。
8、 专题九 词的时态过过去去进进行行时时 用法用法表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作 构成构成主语主语was/were现在分词现在分词 常用常用时间时间状语状语at that moment, at this time yesterday, atoclock, yesterday evening等等 例句例句I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。He was reading a novel when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他正在看小说
9、。当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。 专题九 动词的时态现现在在完完成成时时 用法用法(1) 表示动作在说话之前已完成,对现在有影响表示动作在说话之前已完成,对现在有影响(2)表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在 构成构成主语主语have/has过去分词过去分词 常用常用时间时间状语状语just, ever, yet, already, so far, in the past 5 years, for和和since引导引导的时间状语的时间状语 例句例句He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。他去过北京。He has studied English for
10、 5 years. 他学习英语已经五年了。他学习英语已经五年了。I have already finished my homework.我已经完成了我的作业。我已经完成了我的作业。They have been married for 30 years.他们已经结婚三十年了。他们已经结婚三十年了。 注意 短暂性动词与时间段连用时或用于how long提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下:arrivebe here begin(start)be ondie be dead leave be away (from) go outbe out finish be ov
11、erget upbe up put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed borrow keep buy/gethave catch(a cold) have(a cold) finish/end be over marry be married fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) 专题九 动词的时态1. I often _ books in the evening.Areads B. read Creading2. I _ know you
12、 can play the piano so well.Thank you.A. didnt B. dont C. cant3. Alice, please turn down the music, I _ an important phone now.A. answer B. answered C. have answered D. am answering 4. My sister _ English since she was 9 years old. She can talk to foreigners freely.A. learns B. learnt C. has learnt
13、D. have learnt 典例训练BADC专题九 动词的时态5. My mother _ dinner when I got home yesterday. A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks 6. Did you call Jenny?Oh no, I forgot. I _ her right away.A. called B. have called C. call D. will call7.The movie _ for about 5 minutes, so lets see the next one. A. h
14、as been on B. has started C. started D. began8. Last week Vivian _ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buyBDAB 考点一 被动语态的应用 语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态(某人做某事);当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态(某事被某人做)。一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。考
15、点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式 1. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如:We saw an alien get out of the UFO. An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【温馨提示】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时,宾补部分不变。对比:We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his
16、room. 2. 谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时,谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时,(1)把间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。例如:)把间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。例如:He gave me a new book. 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语I was given a new book by him. (2)把直接宾语变主语,间接宾语不变。例如:把直接宾语变主语,间接宾语不变。例如:He gave me a new book. 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语A new book was given to me by him. 3. 句中谓语是动词短语时,变为
17、被动语态时要注意其句中谓语是动词短语时,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只须把宾语变为被动带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语,而宾语补足语仍保留在原处,作主语补足语。例语态的主语,而宾语补足语仍保留在原处,作主语补足语。例如:如:Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We were told to clean the
18、 classroom at once by our teacher. 5. 主动表被动主动表被动(1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。例如:含义。例如:The dishes smell so delicious. 菜闻起来真香。菜闻起来真香。Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。你的主意听起来更好。(2)有些动词,如有些动词,如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等,等,作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。
19、例如:作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。例如:Books of Harry Potter sell well. 哈利哈利波特波特系列的书很畅销。系列的书很畅销。My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。 (3) sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构不定式的被动结构)。例如:。例如:Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你你的房间
20、需要打扫了。的房间需要打扫了。(4) be worth doing(值得做值得做) 中的中的doing表示被动含义。表示被动含义。The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。这部电影值得所有人看一看。6. 不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况(1)系动词、不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态。系动词、不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态。 例如:例如:come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等;等;(2)主动句的宾语是不定式或主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时不能用作被动语态的主
21、语;时不能用作被动语态的主语;(3)反身代词或反身代词或each other不能作被动语态的主语。不能作被动语态的主语。7. 被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be + p. p. ”表示动作时是被动语态;表示动作时是被动语态;“be + p. p. ”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。(1)含有含有“by + 宾语宾语”结构强调动作执行者,此时为被动语态。结构强调动作执行者,此时为被动语态。例如:例如:The window is broken. 窗户坏了。(系表结构)窗户坏了。(系表结构)The window is broken by me.
22、窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)(2)句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般是被动语态。例如:句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般是被动语态。例如:The door was closed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)门是关着的。(系表结构)The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。(被动语态)九点钟关的门。(被动语态)(3)系表结构中常用介词搭配,被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如:系表结构中常用介词搭配,被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如:Were worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。我们担心那个男孩。(4)系表结构的过去分词可
23、以被副词修饰。例如:系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如: Im really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。(5)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态可系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态可用于多种时态。用于多种时态。单项选择单项选择1. A football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon. A. is held B. was heldC. must be held D. will be held【解
24、析解析】选选D。由时间状语。由时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知时态为一可知时态为一般将来时,再由主语般将来时,再由主语A football match与与hold之间存在被动关系之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态,故选可知用被动语态,故选D。2. (2012六盘水中考)六盘水中考)Look at that sign. Smoking _ here. A. isnt allowed B. doesnt allowC. arent allowed D. dont allow【解析解析】选选A。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。smoking与与allow之
25、间存在被动关系,之间存在被动关系,smoking是动名词,作主语时谓语动是动名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数,故选词用单数,故选A。2. Look at that sign. Smoking _ here. A. isnt allowed B. doesnt allowC. arent allowed D. dont allow【解析解析】选选A。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。smoking与与allow之间存在被动关系,之间存在被动关系,smoking是动名词,作主语时谓语动是动名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数,故选词用单数,故选A。2. Look at that
26、sign. Smoking _ here. A. isnt allowed B. doesnt allowC. arent allowed D. dont allow【解析解析】选选A。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。句意:看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。smoking与与allow之间存在被动关系,之间存在被动关系,smoking是动名词,作主语时谓语动是动名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数,故选词用单数,故选A。3. Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year. A. plant B. plantedC. were planted D
27、. are planted【解析解析】选选C。 many trees与与plant之间存在被动关系,故用被之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态,再由时间状语动语态,再由时间状语last year“去年去年”可知时态为一般过去时,可知时态为一般过去时,故选故选C。4. Lets play computer games this evening. It _ good. A. sounds B. feels C. tastes D. smells【解析解析】选选A。考查。考查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等系动词等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。句意:的主动语态表示被动含义。句意:让
28、我们今天晚上玩电脑让我们今天晚上玩电脑游戏吧!游戏吧!听起来好极了。故选听起来好极了。故选A。4. Lets play computer games this evening. It _ good. A. sounds B. feels C. tastes D. smells【解析解析】选选A。考查。考查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等系动词等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。句意:的主动语态表示被动含义。句意:让我们今天晚上玩电脑让我们今天晚上玩电脑游戏吧!游戏吧!听起来好极了。故选听起来好极了。故选A。5. There was a big earthquake in J
29、apan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. savedC. are saved D. were saved【解析解析】选选D。由主语和谓语动词是被动关系可知语态为被动。由主语和谓语动词是被动关系可知语态为被动语态,再由语态,再由“There was. . . ”可知是过去时,因此用一般过去可知是过去时,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,故选时的被动语态,故选D。6. Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. A. will hold B.
30、will be heldC. will be hold【解析解析】选选B。一般将来时的被动语态结构为。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 动词动词的过去分词的过去分词”。故选。故选B。7. In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good careB. are taken good care ofC. is taking good care ofD. are taken good care【解析解析】选选B
31、。句意:在中国的许多地方,超过。句意:在中国的许多地方,超过90岁的老人不岁的老人不仅被他们的家人好好照顾着,而且也被政府照顾着。仅被他们的家人好好照顾着,而且也被政府照顾着。the old“老人老人”,指一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,故排,指一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,故排除除A、C,被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物,被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物动词,故选动词,故选B。【解析解析】选选B。句意:在中国的许多地方,超过。句意:在中国的许多地方,超过90岁的老人不岁的老人不仅被他们的家人好好照顾着,而且也被政府照顾着。仅被他们的家人好好照顾着,而且也被政
32、府照顾着。the old“老人老人”,指一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,故排,指一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,故排除除A、C,被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物,被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物动词,故选动词,故选B。8. (At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cryC. to stop crying D. stop to cry【解析解析】选选C。句意:最后这个男孩被弄得停止了哭,开始笑。句意:最后这个男孩被弄得停止了哭,开始笑了。了。make,
33、have,see 等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时要等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时要把主动语态中省略的把主动语态中省略的to还原;还原;stop doing“停止做停止做”。故选。故选C。9. You should have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock. A. isnt done B. wont be doneC. doesnt do D. wasnt done【解析解析】选选A。homework与与do之间存在被动关系,故用被动语之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态,再由态,再由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来可知答案引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来可知答案为为A。10. May I use your cup, Tom? Sorry, it _ by my sister just now. A. was broken B. is broken C. broke 【解析解析】选选A。根据句意可知是被动语态,又因时间状语为。根据句意可知是被动语态,又因时间状语为just now,故选,故选A。
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