初中被动语态(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法学习：初中被动语态一、语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词done.(by)”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。如下表：时态主动语态被动语态例句一般现在时 1 We clean the classroom.

2、2 The classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时1. He made the kite.2. The kite was made by him.一般将来时1. They will plant trees tomorrow.2. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.现在进行时1. She is watering flowers.2. Flowers are being watered by her.过去进行时1. She was writing a letter this time yesterday.2. A letter

3、was being written by her this time yesterday.现在完成时1. Jim has finished the work.2. The work has been finished by Jim.含有情态动词1. I can find him.2. He can be found by me.三、用法： (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The wi

4、ndow was broken by Mike. This book was written by him. Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四、 主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。1、（1） 把主动语态的 变为被动语态的 。 The teacher punished John. was punished by the teacher.（2）把谓语变成 (be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来 语态句子中动词的时态来决定b

5、e的形式)。They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes by them in the factory.（3）谓语是短语时，把主动语态中的 放介词by后作 ，将 格改为 格。 The farmer cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by .She bought a new school bag. The new school bag was bought by . (2)表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to

6、, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachers office.He was seen to go into the teachers office. (3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the

7、 pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 【注意】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, lend, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：The baby was looked after by her sister. His plan was laughed at by everyone

8、. (5)不用于被动的情况不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：happen , take place, last, end , appear, die, break out, come true, fall asleepThe 2016 Olympics will take place in Brazil.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： have, wish, cost, take part in, belong to The book cost me 40 yuan.系动词无被动语态： be, look, smell, sound, taste, feel, become, turn ,

9、 get, grow, fall, keep, stay, remain, appear, seemThe flower smells sweet.The tree turns green.某些可和well, easily等副词连用的动词，如：sell, wash, write等。His new novel sells well.This kind of cloth washes easily. need, require, want 等动词加上动名词或在 “worth + doing 结构中，其主动形式表示被动的意思。 The room needs cleaning This novel i

10、s worth reading 课堂练习基础巩固一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Marys radio _ _(mend) by my brother just now.2. It is said that a new school _ _ (build) here soon.3. English _ (speak) by about 400 million people in English speaking countries.4. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village? -More new roads _

11、(must build), I think.5. Well have three days off if the work _ _(finish).6. The rooms _(paint) now, so the Bonds cant live in.7. The coin on the ground _(pick up) by Sam at that time.8. The windows of our house require _ _ (clean) once a week. 9. These apples _ (sell) well because they _ (taste) ni

12、ce.10.It was raining heavily outside. The kids were made _ _ （stay）in the classroom.11.The woman still doesnt know what _ （happen）in her hometown while she was away.12. A lot of tall buildings _ (set up) in his hometown in the last three years.二、变换句式。把给出的主动语态变成变动语态。1.主动: All the students must follow

13、 the school rules. 被动： 2. 主动：These workers have made 50 scissors .被动： 3. 主动：They built a power station in their home town.被动： 4. 主动：We use nuclear energy to produce electricity. 被动： 5. 主动：Somebody cleaned my shoes yesterday.被动： 6.主动：The old man takes care of two children.被动： 提高拓展一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1.This

14、 English song_ _ (sing) by two famous musician now.2.The fishermen (fish) on the sea at that moment.3. A new library (build) in this area next year. 4. These children were seen (dance) happily in the hall.5. This kind of car _ _ (make)in Japan.6. The factory has already (raise) some money for the po

15、or workers.7.This lovely forests (attract) thousands of birds.8.More water (require) for the farming.9.Much meat (hang) on the posts every autumn. 10.When they (reach) the airport, we greeted them warmly. 二、中译英。1. 学生们每周都清洁教室的窗户。2. 昨天的会上问了很多问题。3. 我们明年会建起很多新的建筑物.4.这些花必须天天浇水，否则就会枯死。5.公园里已经种下了很多梨树。专心-专注-专业