不公平与收入再分配政策.ppt

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1、不公平与收入再分配政策不公平与收入再分配政策Lorenz curveLorenz curveO1001002040608020406080Line of completeequalityPercentage share ofnational income(cumulative)Percentage of populationO100O1002040608020406080Line of completeequalityLorenz curvePercentage share ofnational income(cumulative)Percentage of populationLorenz

2、curveLorenz curveLorenz curve and Gini coefficientLorenz curve and Gini coefficientO1001002040608020406080Line of completeequalityLorenz curveABPercentage share ofnational income(cumulative)Percentage of populationGini coefficient=A/(A+B)Lorenz curves for two countries with the same Gini coefficient

3、Lorenz curves for two countries with the same Gini coefficientO1001002040608020406080Percentage share ofnational income(cumulative)Percentage of populationCountry ACountry BXYArea X=Area Y不公平的原因和类型不公平的原因和类型机会不公平：受教育机会差异，禀赋差异，财机会不公平：受教育机会差异，禀赋差异，财产所有权差异，权利差别，其他偶然因素等；产所有权差异，权利差别，其他偶然因素等；结果不公平结果不公平财政支出

4、政策适合解决机会公平问题；税收政财政支出政策适合解决机会公平问题；税收政策适合促进结果公平策适合促进结果公平Size distribution of UK income bySize distribution of UK income byquintile group of households:2003/4quintile group of households:2003/4Bottom20%Next 20%Middle20%Next 20%Top20%15%15%24%24%51%51%7%7%3%3%Bottom20%Next 20%Middle20%Next 20%Top20%12%12%16%16%22%22%44%44%7%7%Income beforetaxes and benefitsIncome aftertaxes and benefits