柴油发动机介绍及其排放标定.ppt

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1、个人信息：孙则强老家：湖北孝感出生日期：1998.092005.07吉林大学汽车工程学院动力机械及工程2005.072010.06江苏无锡博世汽车柴油系统股份有限公司柴油机共轨系统国三/国四排放、性能标定2010.06.072039.10一汽-大众汽车有限公司家庭情况：已婚女儿20个月1EGTintroductionRBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofap

2、plicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsEGTintroductionTechnicalSolutionstomeetFutureEmissions2RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsTableofCont

3、entBasicintroductionEmissionSolutionstoMeetHD/MDCN4/5RegulationEmissionSolutionstoMeetPC/LDvehiclesCN4/5Regulation3RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.Diesel

4、SystemsAbbreviationEGRExhaustGasRecirculation废气再循环DOCDieselOxidationcatalyst柴油机氧化型催化器DPFDieselParticulatefilter柴油机颗粒过滤器POC/PFFParticulateOxidationCatalyst(PartialFlowFilter)颗粒氧化型催化器SCRSelectiveCatalyticreduction选择性催化还原CRTContinuousRegenerationTechnology连续再生技术Basicintroduction4Internal|RBCD/EVL1|Robe

5、rtBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsComparisonofEmissionTestsBasicintroduction5Internal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrig

6、htsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsSpeed/LoadAreaofEmissionTestsEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/56PassengerTransport9PersonsEmissionLegislationIntroductionRBCD/EVL|06/16/2006|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightso

7、fdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.ChinaIII/IV:VehicleClassesGoodsTransportIIIIIIPassengerCars:M1*PC/LightDutyVehicles:M1*HD-BusseswithGVW3500kg:M2HeavyDutyVehicles,BusseswithGVW3500kg:M1*,M2,M3;N2,N3N1M1*M1*N2M3M1*1305kg1305kg1760kg1760kgLDClassesClassificationaccordingtoReferenceweig

8、ht(RW)LightDutyTrucks:N1(alternativelyGB17691-2005,)GB17691-20052,53,55,012,0GrossVehicleweight(t)IIIIIIN3InRed:DifferencestoChinaIIInBlue:DifferencestoEuroIII,IV9Persons6PersonsGB18352.3:chassiscertificationGB17691-2005:enginecertificationM21)no.ofpersonsincl.driverLight-DutyCertification(MNEDC)Hea

9、vy-DutyCertification(ESC,ETC,ELR)参考重量=空车+100kg总重（标重）：与养路费和罚款相关7Commonrailsystemona4-cylinderengineBasicintroduction8PressurecomparisonofEDC-systemsComparisonofinjectionsystemsbarmin-12000160012008004000InjectionpressureatthenozzleCRUISVP44100020003000 4000EnginespeedInjectionpressureBasicintroductio

10、n9FuturedemandsondieselinjectionsystemsExhaust-gas treatment managementAcoustic measurescombustion optimizationInjectioncharacteristicHighpressureinjectionTolerancereductionBasicintroduction10ComparisongasolineDieselGasolineengine(dirrectinjection)Dieselengine(commonrail)Injectionpressure30160bar300

11、1600barControlstrategy喷油控制+点火控制喷油控制Max.enginespeed70001/min150050001/minLambdacontrol排放区=1（0.981.02），其他区域1Compressionratio1017CombustionbowlHD/MDPCBasicintroduction11燃烧系统对比GasolineTSIengineDieselengine(PassengerCar)12EmissionLegislationIntroductionInternal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightse

12、venintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsESCCycleforHDEngines(13mode)(EU/ChinaIII)idle255075PowerSpeedABC30%50%MaximumXXX1275691113121034813EmissionLegislationIntroductionInternal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrigh

13、tsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsHD-TestCycleESC,ETC(EU/ChinaIII,IV)14EmissionLegislationIntroductionInternal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrigh

14、tsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsHD-TestCycleETC(EU/China(IIIwithaftreatreatment),IV,V)15EmissionlegislationDepartment|4/30/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicati

15、onsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsESCandETCtestpointsExampleforETCtestpoints:8LEuro4engine16EmissionLegislationIntroductionInternal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselS

16、ystemsHD-TestCycleELR(Euro/ChinaIII,IV)17EmissionLegislationIntroductionInternal|RBCD/EVL1|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsModifiedNewEuropeanDrivingCycle(Euro/ChinaIII,IV)UrbanC

17、ycle4X195SecExtra-UrbanCycle1X400Sec18EmissionCalibration19RBCD/EVL|12/24/2007|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.Trade-offonEmissionsPointsEmissionCalibration20EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4

18、/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsManagementsystemsinjection+combustionprocessairsystemexhaustaftertreatmentEngineEmissionperformance21RBCD|

19、RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5EmissionSolutionstoMeetHD/MDCN4/5Regulation满足国满足国4/5的重型车排放策略的重型车排放策略22RBCD/EVL|21/10/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreser

20、ved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.MainstreamStrategyformeettheEU4/5(HD/MD)EuroV:SCR80%Long-distanceHD:SCR;short-distancecommercialvehicle:EGR/PM-Cat.UniteStates(US07):EGR+DPFJapan(JP05):EGR+DPFChina

21、:EmissionLegislationreferencefromEUEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/523RBCD/EVL|21/10/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.ESCEmissionLimitationsFromEuro3toEuro4

22、NOxreduction:30%PMreduction:80%ChinaIIIChinaIVCO(g/kWh)2.11.5HC(g/kWh)0.660.46NOx(g/kWh)53.5PM(g/kWh)0.10.02EmissionLimitsinESCcycle:EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/524EmissionsolutionintroductionRobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distr

23、ibution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystems对于重型柴油机满足国IV排放标准，一般有两条技术路线：一是SCR路线，也称欧洲路线，通过燃烧优化使微粒排放满足要求，再通过SCR对NOx进行处理；二是EGR路线，也称美国路线，通过EGR降低NOx排放达到要求，再采取DOC、POC或DPF等微粒后处理技术降低微粒排放。但无论采用哪种技术路线，机内净化都是排放控制的核心技术，对于保证发动机的性能、减小对后处理的依赖、降低成本具有重要意义。26RBCD/EVLRobertBoschGmbH

24、reservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.ESCEmissionLimitations01234567891011NOxg/kWhg/kWhQuelle:K5/EVD-Z305.1/090wEGRwoEGRSCRPTSCR+PTEUROVEUROIV00,050,020,10,15PMEUROIIIUS07EGR:Exhaust GasRecirculationPT:Particulat

25、e TrapSCR:Selective Catalytic Reduction Remark:PTincaseofrelativelylowenginepowerdensityParticulateMatterCatalystsufficientforreduction废气再循环颗粒捕捉器选择性催化还原EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/527RBCD/EVL|21/10/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,ed

26、iting,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.PotentialmarketforEuro4EGRstrategyinChinaSCR:CostofSCRsystemisalmostconstant,whatevertheenginedisplacement.BenefitinFuelconsumptionismoreimpressivewithincreaseofenginedisplacement.EGR:CostofcatalystPOC/DOC=f(displacement)

27、PotentialmarketforEuro4EGRstrategyinChinaMDvehicle(displacementabout2.5L6L)20%ofdieselcommercialvehicleEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/528EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswell

28、asintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsDieselSystemsEGT(SCR)advantage:lowcostdisadvantage:higherfuelconsumptionpreferreduse:lowmileagevehiclesDosingmoduleSupplymodulewithdosingcontrolunit(DCU)AdBluetankEnginecontrolunit(ECU)AdBluepipesECUcontrollineCANEGRcoolerEGRvalveEGR

29、pipeEGRadvantage:lowestfuelconsumptiondisadvantage:highersyst.costpreferreduse:highmileagevehicles29Confidential|RBCD/EGT-lih4wx|2010-2-22|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsSCRsyst

30、emoverviewDENOXTRONIC2.2Trainingredcolored=Boschsuppliedgreycolored=optionalsensors30US Temp SensorSCRtechnologyintroductionInternal|RBCD/EGT|10/13/2009|Pres09_154|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplic

31、ationsforindustrialpropertyrights.N2N2O2HCSCRDOCCOCO2SMNOX/NH3 SensorDS Temp SensorNH3NOxUREANH3NOxWhySCR?31SCRtechnologyintroductionInternal|RBCD/EGT|10/13/2009|Pres09_154|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeven

32、tofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DS Temp SensorUS Temp SensorSCRDOCSTEP1:Thermal Hydrolysis CO(NH2)2+H2O 2NH3+CO2N2N2O2CO2NH3STEP 2:SCR Reaction 4NH3+4NO+O2-4N2+6H20(A)4NH3+4NO2-4N2+6H20+O2(B)NOX/NH3 SensorNOxSMUREA32EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrights

33、reserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsSCRtechnologytoCN4/5PMreducedtoCN4/5byinternalcombustionoptimizationHighinjectionpressureAdvancedinjectiontimingNOxreducedbySCRcatalystwithammonia

34、dosingConversionrate6570%forCN4,openloopcontrolConversionrate8090%forCN5,closeloopcontrolRequirement:SCRCatalystDeNOxAdBlueDosingsystemAdBlueinfrastructure34EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,di

35、stribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsEGRwithPMCat.toCN4/5TCEGRICDOC+POCPMcatalystNOxreducedtoCN4/5byEGREGRrate15%forCN4,openloopcontrolEGRrate25%forCN5,closeloopcontrolPMreducedbyPMcatalyst(POC)Conversionrate50%OpensystemRequirement:EGRsystemPOCandDOCLo

36、wsulfurfuelAdvancedTCforCN536EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsEGRenginelayoutExample:4cylinder,DC-motorEGR

37、37EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsCompositionofDieselParticulatesExample:HDdieselengine,USFTPtransientcyc

38、le,199838RBCD/EVL|21/10/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DOC+POCEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5Source:UmicoreInfo.fromUmicore,NO2/Soot2540willshowgoodCRTe

39、ffect.39EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsTheeffectofDOCEffectonTotalNOxEmissionsNomorethanafewpercentSOFRe

40、movalConsideredsameasHCPerformanceConversionofCOandHCinDieselOxidationCatalystConcentrationofNO2withDieselOxidationCatalystAfterDOCEngine-out40EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,asw

41、ellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsTheeffectofDOCParticulateMatterPerformanceDOCImpactonPMEmissionswithSulfurContainingFuelsPMwithanOxidationCatalyst41RBCD/EVL|21/10/2008|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editi

42、ng,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.OpenSystemforContinuousSootOxidation(POC)EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/5ESCETCPrinciple:Deposition of particles on porous fibre fleeceLayout:corrugated foil with small bladesMechanism:1)SootDeposition2)SootOxidationC+2NO

43、2CO2+2NO020406080before PM-KATConversionConversion Rate,%020406080PM,mg/kWhafter PM-KATConversionRate:Source:MTZ6/200542RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.D

44、ieselSystemsFilterConfiguration:gasflowpatternWall-FlowandFlow-ThroughSubstrates:FlowPatternWall-FlowandFlow-ThroughSubstrates:InletCellPatternopenandpluggedcellsattheirinlet(aswellasoutlet)faceEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/543EGTintroductionRBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoreg

45、ardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsDPFfiltermechanismAdjacentchannelsclosedoffateachendbyceramicplugsExhaustgasisfordedtopenetratethroughceramicwalls1st:Deep-bedfiltrationparticlesaretransportedint

46、otheporewallsbydiffusion2nd:Surfacefiltrationhighlyefficientfiltrationbythelayerformedbysootparticulates3rd:Regenerationburningoffdepositedsoottodecreasetheexhaust-gasbackpressure44RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbH2008.Allrightsreserved,alsoregardinganydisposal,exploitation,reproduction,editing,distribution,

47、aswellasintheeventofapplicationsforindustrialpropertyrights.DieselSystemsPOC&DPFPOCDPFEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/545RBCD|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsE

48、U4/5EmissionSolutionstoMeetPC/LDvehiclesCN4/5Regulation满足国满足国4/5的轻型车排放策略的轻型车排放策略46|RBCD/EVL|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsEUIVcertificationatleast*)EUfinalproposal(12.2006)NOxg

49、/kmParticulatesg/kmDieselPCEU4(01/05)(09/09)EU5*wallflowDPFEmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/547|RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.DieselSystemsPC/LDV尾气后处理技术：选择性氮氧催化还原选择性氮氧催化还原SCR减少氮氧化物60%90%需要

50、辅助装置运行柴油机颗粒捕捉器柴油机颗粒捕捉器DPF(闭环系统闭环系统)减少颗粒98%需要激活后处理功能NOx储存催化器储存催化器NSC减少氮氧化物50%80%需要激活后处理功能需要贵重金属EU5必须使用必须使用EmissioncontrolstrategytowardsEU4/548DPFSystemlayout:(颗粒捕捉器的结构)颗粒捕捉器颗粒捕捉器氧化催化器氧化催化器地板式系统Underfloorsystem颗粒捕捉器颗粒捕捉器氧化催化器氧化催化器氧化催化器相连型系统（紧耦合）Closedcoupledsystem足够长的使用寿命较低的排气背压很高的热反应高后处理性能DPF基材要求:Em