肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院.ppt

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1、 Chapter 3 Myology 肌学肌学Section 1 General description泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室 赵振美赵振美CompositionMuscle belly肌腹肌腹Tendon肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜 ClassificationLong muscle 长肌长肌Short muscle 短肌短肌Flat muscle扁肌扁肌Orbicular muscle 轮匝肌轮匝肌Morphology and composition of skeletal musclesOrigin,insertion and action o

2、f skeletal muscles Supplementary structures of musclesFascia 筋膜筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fascia Synovial bursa 滑膜囊滑膜囊Tendinous sheath 腱鞘腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synovial layer:Section 2 Muscles of headFacial muscles 面肌面肌Epicranius 颅顶肌颅顶肌(occipitofrontalis)枕额肌枕额肌Frontal belly 额腹额腹Occipital belly 枕腹枕腹Galea apo

3、neurotica 帽状腱膜帽状腱膜 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌眼轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌口轮匝肌帽状腱膜帽状腱膜额腹腹Masticatory musclesMasseter 咬肌咬肌Origininferior border and medial surface of zygomatic archInsertionlateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandibleActionelevates mandibleTemporalis 颞肌颞肌Origint

4、emporal fossaInsertioncoronoid process of mandibleActionelevates and retracts mandible Medial pterygoid 翼内肌翼内肌 Lateral pterygoid 翼外肌翼外肌咀嚼肌咀嚼肌Section 3 Muscles of neckSuperficial group Platysma 颈阔肌颈阔肌 Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌Suprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌二腹肌Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌茎突舌骨肌Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨

5、肌下颌舌骨肌Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌颏舌骨肌 Elevate(raise)hyoid bone and depress mandible.Infrahyoid musclesSternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌甲状舌骨肌 Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation Deep cervical muscles LateralScalenus anterior 前斜角肌前斜角肌Scalenus medius 中斜角肌中斜角肌Scal

6、enus posterior 后斜角肌后斜角肌 Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙斜角肌间隙 Action：Medial longus capitis 头长肌头长肌 longus colli 颈长肌颈长肌Flex the head,bends the neck forwardSection 4 Muscles of trunkMuscles of back Trapezius 斜方肌斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌背阔肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌竖脊肌 Trapezius 斜方肌斜方肌Origin:superior nuchal line,external

7、occipital protuberance,ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebraeInsertion:lateral third of clavicle,acromion,and spine of scapularyAction:upper fibers elevate scapula,lower fibers depress scapula;if scapula is fixed,one side acting along,draws head toward

8、 the same side,and turn face to opposite side;both sides together,draw head directly backwardLatissimus dorsi背阔肌背阔肌Origin:spinous processes of lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae,median sacral crest,and posterior part of iliac crest.Insertion:crest of lesser tubercle of humerus.Action:trunk

9、fixed,extends,adducts and medially rotates arm;arm fixed,elevates trunk.Erector spinae Position:fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine Action:extends vertebral column(draw head backward)Muscles of thorax)Thoracico-upper-limb muscles胸上肢肌胸上肢肌)Thoracicointrinsic muscles胸固有肌胸固有肌Pectoralis

10、major 胸大肌胸大肌Origin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,1st-6th costal cartilages.Insertion:crest of greater tubercle of humerus.Action:flexes,adducts and rotates arm medially;arm fixed,elevates trunk;elevates ribs 1-6,aiding in forced inspiration.Pectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌Serratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌)Thoracico

11、intrinsic musclesIntercostales externi 肋间外肌肋间外肌Intercostales interni 肋间内肌肋间内肌Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌肋间最内肌 Diaphragm 膈膈Shape and position:a peripheral muscular part and a central tendonOpenings in the diaphragmAortic hiatus主动脉裂孔主动脉裂孔lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between t

12、he crura.It transmits the aorta,thoracic ductEsophageal hiatus 食管裂孔食管裂孔for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10.Vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔腔静脉孔for inferior vena cava,through central tendon at T8 levelAction Muscles of abdomen 1.Anterolateral groupObliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌腹外斜肌 Inguinal ligamen

13、t 腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环腹股沟管浅环Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰腹股沟镰:Cremaster 提睾肌提睾肌:Transversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌Rectus abdominis 腹直肌腹直肌Intersections 腱划腱划Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘Linea alba白线白线脐环2.Posterior groupQuadratus lumborum 腰方肌腰方肌Inguinal canal 腹股沟管腹股沟管Position:Two openingsSuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环腹股沟管浅环Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深环腹股沟管深环 Structures passing through the inguinal canal Spermatic cord 精索精索 Round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带子宫圆韧带The Scenery of Jiuzhai Valley in Sichuan